docsaqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi sarCevi
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saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi sarCevi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi sarCevi 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” Sesaxeb Tavi I. mokle mimoxilva Tavi II. erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi Tavi III. saxelmwifo finansebi Tavi IV. fuli da finansebi Tavi V. saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi Tavi VI. privatizacia Tavi VII. dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa kalendari ekonomikuri glosariumi statistikuri danarTi abreviaturebi 2 3 7 26 34 43 56 66 85 95 105 121 “tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTulqarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centris” Sesaxeb ,,saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi” aris proeqti, romlis dafinansebas axorcielebs ,,tasisis” programis farglebSi momuSave ,,ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centri”. ,,tasisis” programa aris evrokavSiris iniciativa, romelic xels uwyobs axal damoukidebel qveynebsa da monRoleTs da evrokavSirs Soris ekonomikisa da politikis dargSi urTierTobebis harmoniul ganviTarebas. ,,tasisi” grantebis formiT afinansebs “nou-haus”, rac xels uwyobs sabazro ekonomikisa da demokratiuli sazogadoebis principebze gadasvlas. igi Zalze didi programaa da Tavisi daarsebidan (1991) 3 000-ze meti proeqti aqvs dafinansebuli, romlis saerTo Rirebuleba 3 290 milion ekius udris. ,,tasisi” mWidrod TanamSromlobs partnior qveynebTan da uzrunvelyofs “nou-haus” gadmocemas evropis saxelmwifo da kerZo organizaciebis farTo speqtridan: axorcielebs konsultaciebsa da swavlebas, sakanonmdeblo da mmarTvelobis sistemis, dawesebulebebisa da organizaciebis gardaqmnasa da ganviTarebas, sapartnioro urTierTobebis damyarebas, saerTaSoriso qselebis Camoyalibebas, erTobliv sacdel proeqtebs. ,,ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centri” Seiqmna 1998 wels “tasisis” farglebSi, raTa daexmaros saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri da samarTlebrivi reformis ganxorcielebas. centris samoqmedo gegma moicavs “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” da, axlo momavalSi, analogiuri iuridiuli mimoxilvis gamocemas da saqarTvelos mTavrobisTvis ekonomikuri da samarTlebriv sakiTxebSi konsultacias. es publikacia dafinansebulia evrokavSiris tasisis programis mier, romelic grantebis meSveobiT afinansebs axal damoukidebel qveynebSi da monRoleTSi sabazro ekonomikisa da demokratiuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis nou-haus. saqarTvelos ekonomik ekonomikis is mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 1 “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” Sesaxeb “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” (sem) gamocemis mizania, saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri reformis mimdinareobiT dainteresebul pirebs miawodos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis msvlelobis mimoxilva. sem-i daarsda 1995 wels da qveyndeba qarTul da inglisur enebze. winamdebare gamocema moicavs 1999 wlis pirvel da meore kvartlebs. es da wina gamocemebi xelmisawvdomia internetis saSualebiT: www.geplac.org gamocema informacias Rebulobs rigi samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan, maT Soris statistikis saxelmwifo departamentidan, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankidan, saxelmwifo socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondidan, finansTa saministrodan, vaWrobisa da sagareo ekonomikur urTierTobaTa saministrodan, saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrodan, Sromisa da socialuri uzrunvelyofis saministrodan da sxva saministroebidan da saxelmwifo departamentebidan. wyaro miTiTebulia yvelgan, sadac ki es SesaZlebeli iyo. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom informaciis momwodeblebTan mWidro TanamSromlobis (regularuli konsultaciebis) da maTi mxardaWeris gareSe am mimoxilvis momzadeba SeuZlebeli iqneboda. sem-is mizania, sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdom informaciaze damyarebuli, ekonomikis ganviTarebis tendenciebis damoukidebeli analizis warmodgena. garda amisa, mocemulia rCevebi ekonomikuri politikis ganxorcielebis, ekonomikuri da sxva informaciis Segrovebisa da gavrcelebis dargSi. gamocema miznad isaxavs saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikuri reformis mxardaWeras, masSi warmodgenilia mxolod gamomcemelTa azri da igi ar asaxavs evropuli komisiis, tasisis ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centrisa Tu saqarTvelos mTavrobis oficialur pozicias. mkiTxvels SeuZlia misi citireba yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe, im pirobiT, rom wyaro saTanadod iqneba miTiTebuli. damatebiTi informaciisaTvis gTxovT daukavSirdeT “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebs” Semdeg misamarTze: Tbilisi, gabriel episkoposis q. 26 tel: Tbilisi (995 32) 93 91 61 / 77 67 64 tel/faqsi: Tbilisi (995 32) 77 65 14 / 77 65 64 e-mail: [email protected] “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” am gamoSvebaze muSaobdnen: mixeil abramiSvili, daviT jinjolia, jinjolia, natalia kakabaZe, dimitri qemokliZe, goCa kereseliZe, xoxobaSvilvi, Svilvi, daniel linoti, vaxtang sofiko xmalaZe, paata xoxoba marsagiSvili, stouni, ni, irakli wereTeli. marsagiSvili, erekle naTaZe, veronika Snaideri, saimon stou qarTul RrubelaSvili 2 gamocemaze agreTve muSaobdnen: lela RibraZe da dali saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 Tavi pirveli. mokle mimoxilva erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi miuxedavad pesimisturi prognozisa, erovnuli erovnuli angariSebi: ekonomika kvlav Zalas ikrebs 1998 wlis dasasruls momxdari krizisis Semdeg, romlis Sedegebis gavlena kvlav SeiniSneboda 1999 wlis dasawyisSi. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi mSp gaizarda 1,7 procentiT. warmoebis seqtorSi gaumjobeseba SeiniSneba. mrewvelobac ki, romelic saqarTvelos ekonomikis yvelaze problematur seqtors warmoadgens, 0,8 procentiT gaizarda. importi Semcirda 25 procentiT. 1998 wlis dasasruls, realuri savaluto kursis mniSvnelovani dacemis Semdeg, es mosalodenli iyo. miuxedavad amisa, realuri kursis cvlilebebs gavlena ar mouxdenia eqsportis ganviTarebaze. ucxouri valiT momsaxurebam Seadgina biujetis xarjebis 21,4 procenti. valiT momsaxurebis umetesi nawili, romelic 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi unda yofiliyo gadaxdili, srulad daifara. TurqmeneTTan dadebuli valis restruqturizaciis SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, 1999 wels 50 milioni lari unda yofiliyo gadaxdili. miuxedavad amisa, wels es Tanxa ar dafarula. soflis meurneoba da sakvebis warmoeba: 1999 wels Cais, bostneulisa da adreuli kartofilis mosavali sakmarisad kargi iyo. samwuxarod, biujetis krizisis gamo, saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo programebis dafinanseba ar iyo sakmarisi da dagvianebiT ganxorcielda. Cais mrewvelobis reabilitaciisaTvis gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli 2 milioni laris nacvlad mxolod 1 800 000 lari iyo gadaxdili. miuxedavad amisa, 13 oqtombrisaTvis 58 800 tona Cai moikrifa, rac gasul welTan SedarebiT 20 procentiT metia. qarTveli mewarmeebi xSirad gamoTqvaven ukmayofilebas arasamarTliani konkurenciis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi. bazari gaivso aRuricxavi da yalbi adgilobrivi nawarmiTa da kontrabanduli gziT Semotanili saqonliT. aseTi situacia zarals ayenebs kvebis mrewvelobas (mineraluri wylebis, Rvinis, purproduqtebis warmoebas da sxv.). tradiciuli sakvebi produqtebis garda, saqarTvelos aqvs SesaniSnavi saSualeba msoflio bazarze gaitanos sasmeli wyali. warmoeba: ukanaskneli ramodenime wlis krizisuli mdgomareobis Semdeg warmoebis seqtorSi gaumjobeseba SeiniSneba: gansakuTrebiT qimiur, msubuq, samSeneblo masalebis, navTobis gadamamuSavebel da xis damamuSavebel mrewvelobaSi. wels saaqcio kompaniebma “WiaTurmanganumma”, “rusTavcementma”, “azotma” da Tbilisis saxelmwifo saaviacio asociaciam gazardes TavianTi warmoeba. “rusTavis metalurgiulma kombinatma” miiRo dakveTa azerbaijanisTvis 40 aTasi tona foladis milebis damzadebaze, rac karg perspeqtivas uqmnis kombinats warmoebis ganaxlebisaTvis. Savi da kaspiis zRvebis portebis infrastuqturis infrastuqtura: ganviTareba TRACECA–s proeqtis mTavar mizans warmoadgens. foTis sazRvao portSi saborne terminali am wlis gazafxulze gaixsna. mSenebloba dafinansda evrokavSiris mier. sufsaSi navTobterminali, romlis simZlavrea 5 milioni tona, 17 aprils amoqmedda. kaspiis zRvis navTobis gadasazidi “dasavleTis gza” konkurentunariani aRmoCnda, romelic momavalSi uzrunvelyofs mniSvnelovan Semosavals ucxour valutaSi. sabWoTa epoqis Semdeg saqarTvelos hqonda 56 gemi, romelTagan 32 darCa. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 1999 weli, #3 3 mokle momixilva finansebis arasworad gamoyenebisa da aramarTebuli komerciuli politikis gamo saqarTvelos flotis mTlianad dakargvis saSiSroeba hqonda. dRes ki, “saqarTvelos sazRvao navigaciis” restruqturizaciis Semdeg, situacia odnav gaumjobesda. ucxouri investiciebis moculoba 1999 wlis pirveli investiciebi: naxevrisaTvis Seadgenda 91 milion lars – 50,9 procentiT naklebs, vidre wina wels, rac umetes wilad ganpirobebuli iyo sufsis navTobterminalis mSeneblobis dasrulebiT. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi saxelmwifo investiciebi 19,8 milion lars Seadgenda, ZiriTadad Tbilisisa da aWaris adgilobrivi biujetidan. saxelmwifo finansebi 1999 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Tanaxmad wlis pirvel naxevarSi biujetSi 356,9 milioni laris Semosavali iyo mosalodneli, rac mTeli wlis mosalodneli Semosavlebis 38,7 procents Seadgens, xolo xarjebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 475,2 milioni lari, saerTo wliuri xarjebis 38,5 procenti. amgvarad, deficiti 118,2 milion larad iyo Sefasebuli. realuri saxelmwifo Semosavlebi (ucxouri grantebis CaTvliT) Seadgenda 321,4 milion lars, 35,5 milioni lariT naklebs, vidre iyo dagegmili. winaswar gaTvaliswinebuli sesxebi da grantebi ar iqna miRebuli da Sesabamisad, realuri xarjebi 408,2 milion laramde Semcirda, rac Tavdapirveli biujetis 86,8 procents Seadgens. wlis ganmavlobaSi gadasaxadebis mokreba gaumjobesda rogorc absoluturi, ise procentuli TvalsazrisiT, rac sakmaod miaxloebulia gaTvaliswinebul raodenobasTan. es ukanaskneli SesaZloa ganpirobebuli iyos ukeTesi, ufro realuri dagegmviT. gadasaxadebis mokrebis gaumjobesebis mizniT gadasaxadebis amkrebTaTvis da sabaJos TanamSromlebisaTvis dainerga waxalisebisa da stimulirebis meqanizmi. sabaJo operaciebSi saWiroa mniSvnelovani reformebis gatareba; ivlisidan sabaJoebis marTva xorcieldeba britaneTis kompania ITS–Tan erTad. fuli da finansebi 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi gatarebuli mkacri fuladi da savaluto kursis politikis Sedegad moxda laris nominaluri Rirebulebis gazrda ivnisSi – 1,9854 lari/amerikuli dolari (gacvlis saSualo nominaluri kursi). 1999 wlis meore kvartalSi saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma aseve moaxdina Tavisi ucxouri valutis rezervis gazrda 3 milioni amerikuli dolariT. maissa da ivnisSi moxda sezonuri fasebis Semcireba da fasebis indeqsi samomxmareblo saqonelze daeca Sesabamisad 1,6 da 1,4 procentiT. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi M3 gaizarda 44 milioni lariT, maSin, rodesac M2 daeca 3 milioni lariT. dolarizaciis koeficientma 1999 wlis ivnisSi 77 procents miaRwia. M2 fulis multiplikatori erT erTeulze naklebi iyo. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi sakredito auqcionebis saerTo brunva Seadgenda 9,7 milion lars, maSin, rodesac 1998 wlis pirvel kvartalSi 26,4 milion lars Seadgenda. saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi 4 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 1999 weli, #3 mokle momixilva 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi saqarTvelos savaWro deficiti umniSvnelod Semcirda. es ZiriTadad gamowveuli iyo importis SemcirebiT, rac, Tavis mxriv, gamowveuli iyo 1998 wlis ruseTis krizisiT da laris gaufasurebiT amerikul dolarTan da, SedarebiT naklebad, evrosTan SefardebiT. YTu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT vaWrobis orientacias, 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi ruseTi kvlav saqarTvelos umsxviles partniorad rCeba, amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan SedarebiT, romelic qveynis meore savaWro partniors warmoadgens. mso-Si gaerTianebis molaparakebis procesi warmatebiT mimdinareobda da dasrulda 1999 wlis 6 oqtombers e.w. “gawevrianebis protokolis” xelmoweriT. mosalodnelia, rom saqarTvelo male gaxdeba mso-s sruluflebiani wevri, kerZod ki 30 dRis ganmavlobaSi, mas Semdeg rac saqarTvelos parlamenti moaxdens protokolis ratifcirebas da amis Sesaxeb ecnobeba mso-s sekretariats. evrokavSirisa da saqarTvelos urTierToebebi kidev ufro gaZlierda 1999 wlis 1 ivliss partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis xelmoweris Semdeg. dsT-s regionis Semdeg, evrokavSiri saqarTvelos mTavari savaWro partnioria. saqarTvelosaTvis evrokavSiris qveynebi aseve warmoadgens pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis mniSvnelovan wyaros. privatizacia 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi privatizaciis sferoSi mcire progresi SeiniSneboda. zogierTi saSualo da didi sawarmo gaiyida nulovan auqcionebze. saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom gamoacxada tenderi “elmavalmSeneblis” (eleqtro lokomotivebis mSenebeli qarxana) 51 procent aqciebze, romelic erT-erTi yvelaze didi sawarmoa saqarTveloSi. Tumca tenderis ararealuri pirobebis gamo ganacxadi aravis gaukeTebia. eleqtroenergiis sadistribucio da eleqtroenergiis mwarmoebel kompaniebze tenderis gamocxadeba yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlenaa, romelsac adgili hqonda wlis meore kvartalSi. dasaqmeba, Semosavali da socialuri uzrunvelyofa Sromis bazari: mas Semdeg, rac 1998 wlis pirveli kvartlis 2,3 milionidan samuSao Zalis raodenoba meoTxe kvartalSi 2 milionamde Semcirda, 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi kvlav momateba daiwyo. samuSao Zalis dasaqmebis koeficienti isev stabiluri rCeba – daaxloebiT 66 procenti. dasaqmebulTa Soris TviTdasaqmebulTa xvedriTi wili 57 procents da mTlianad samuSao Zalis 50 procents Seadgens (Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis standartebis mixedviT). dasaqmebulTa did nawils Seadgenda TviTdasaqmebulTa ricxvi, romelTagan umetesoba soflis meurneobaSia dasaqmebuli. statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis samuSao Zalis statistikuri monacemebis Tanaxmad, wlis pirveli naxevris bolos umuSevrobis koeficienti Seadgenda 13 procents, Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis “mkacri” standartebis mixedviT, da 14,7 procents “Serbilebuli” meTodiT. sul ufro meti saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 1999 1999 weli, #3 5 mokle momixilva adamiani poulobs ZiriTad da meorad samuSaos Crdilovani ekonomikis sferoSi, rac umetes wilad warmoadgens spontanur TviTdasaqmebas gadarCenis mizniT. xelfasebi: prezidentis 1999 wlis 4 ivnisis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, oTxwliani Sualedis mere, oficialurad iqna SemoRebuli minimaluri xelfasis cneba, romliTac minimaluri xelfasi dadginda TveSi 20 laris odenobiT. meore kvartlis bolos daqiravebuli samuSao Zalis saSualo nominaluri xelfasi mTels ekonomikaSi Seadgenda 68,6 lars da misi wili saSualo ojaxis saarsebo minimumSi daeca 32,8 procentamde. im dros, rodesac adgili hqonda nominaluri xelfasis mcire zrdas inflaciiT Semcirebuli realuri xelfasi dacemas ganagrZobda. amave dros, kvlav grovdeba gadauxdeli xelfasebis davalianeba. Semosavlebis ganawileba: ojaxebi, romelTac Zalian dabali fuladi Semosavali aqvT kompensacias axdenen arafuladi SemosavlebiT, rac ufro mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs soflis mcxovrebTa ojaxebis biujetSi. Tumca qalaqis mosaxleobis fuladi Semosavali ufro maRalia, vidre soflis mosaxleobisa, es gansxvaveba kompensirebulia arafuladi SemosavlebiT. arafuladi Semosavlebi (da xarjebi) SedarebiT “koncentrirebulia” soflis mosaxleobaSi. ojaxis saSualo saerTo Semosavali soflad ufro maRalia, vidre qalaqSi. Tumca qalaqSi ojaxis saerTo xarjebi gacilebiT maRalia, vidre soflad. saarsebo minimaluri done: mTavrobis sxdomaze 19 agvistos miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba “saarsebo minimumis gaangariSebis meTodikaSi cvlilebebis Setanisa da misi gadaangariSebis Sesaxeb”. amasTanave, statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti ganagrZobs arsebuli meTodologiis gamoyenebiT saarsebo minimaluri donis monacemebis gamoqveynebas. socialuri uzrunvelyofa: miuxedavad mTeli rigi zomebisa, romelic mimarTuli iyo Zalian mwiri sabiujeto resursebis dagegmvis gasaumjobeseblad, sistema ver uzrunvelyofs xandazmulTa saWiroebebis dakmayofilebas da siRaribis donis Semcirebas. jer kidev bevri ram aris gasakeTebeli imisaTvis, rom gadasaxadebis amoRebidan miRebuli Semosavali sakmarisi iyos pensiebis droulad gadasaxdelad da socialur daxmarebebze SezRuduli resursebis gasanawileblad. PAYG-is safuZvelze, romelic sapensio sistemis dafinanseba xorcieldeba uzrunvelyofs pensionerTa umravlesobas 14 laris odenobis pensiiT. damokidebulebis dabali koeficienti, Canacvlebis dabali koeficienti da xelfasidan gadasaxadis Segroveba sapensio sistemis mTavar problemad rCeba. winaswari Sefasebis Tanaxmad, seqtembris dasawyisisaTvis sapensio davalianeba 75 milion lars Seadgenda. 1998 wlis oqtomberSi miRebul iqna kanoni kerZo pensiebis Sesaxeb, romelic warmoadgens pirvel nabijs saqarTveloSi mravalsafexuriani sapensio sistemis mSeneblobis gzaze. 6 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 1999 weli, #3 Tavi meore. erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi erovnuli angariSebi pesimisturi prognozis miuxedavad, 1998 wlis bolos momxdari krizisis Semdeg, erovnulma valutam nawilobriv aRidgina Tavisi pozicia. ivnisis bolosTvis lari/aSS dolaris gacvliTma kursma 1,94 Seadgina maSin roca TebervalSi saSualod 2,27 iyo. Senelda aseve inflaciac. maissa da ivnisSi fasebi 1,5 procentiT mcirdeboda ramac nawilobriv gaaneitrala fasebis 5-procentiani zrda TebervalSi. (monetaruli informaciis Sesaxeb ixileT Tavi meoTxe). saxezea realuri seqtoris aRdgenis niSnebi. mrewvelobamac ki, romelic ekonomikis yvelaze problemuri seqtoria, 1998 wlis done SeinarCuna. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi sawarmoebis mier warmoebuli samrewvelo produqciis moculobam wina wlis pirveli naxevris Sesabamisi maCveneblis 99 procenti Seadgina. 1999 wlis bolosTvis SesaZloa samrewvelo produqciis moculoba gaizardos kidec. zogadi suraTi imedis momcemia. ekonomikuri zrdis tempma 1999 wlis pirveli naxevrisTvis 1,7 procents miaRwia maSin roca 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi mxolod 1,2 procenti iyo. Tumca, es maCvenebeli mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba dagegmils, ramac SesaZloa problemebi Seuqmnas biujetis Sesrulebas. (1999 wlis biujetis Sesaxeb ixileT mesame Tavi) stabilurobisa da mdgradi ekonomikuri zrdis erT-erTi ZiriTadi garantiaa Zlieri samewarmeo sazogadoebis formireba. sakuTrebis formebis transformacia, sadac jerjerobiT wamyvani roli saxelmwifos uWiravs, mTavrobis mxridan prioritetul amocanad aRiqmeba. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 531 mcire sawarmo iqna privatizebuli. cxrili 2.1 ekonomikis ZiriTadi indikatorebi 1999 wlis ppirveli irveli naxevari (procenti) 101,7 mSp 100,6 mrewveloba 50,9 investiciebi ZiriTad kapitalSi 56,0 m/S mSenebloba 87,7 saerTo sargeblobis transportis tvirTbrunva 111,8 m/S sarkinigzo transportis tvirTbrunva 104,5 sacalo vaWrobis da restornebis brunva 79,3 sagareo savaWro brunva 98,8 eqsporti 75,0 importi 136,2 registrirebuli umuSevrebis ricxvi 107,8 samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi * wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti * 1999 wlis bolo 1998 wlis dekemberTan saqarTvelos ekonomik ekonomikis is mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 7 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi mSp da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi mimarTulebebi cxrili 2.2 realuri mSpmSp-s cvlilebebi. 1999 wlis pirveli naxevari (procenti) seqtori 1999 wlis pirveli naxevari 1998 wlis pirvel naxevarTan wili 1999 wlis mSpmSp-Si mrewveloba soflis meurneoba, metyeveoba, meTevzeoba mSenebloba vaWroba sastumroebi da restornebi transporti da komunikaciebi saxelmwifo marTva da Tavdacva ganaTleba jandacva sxva momsaxureba mSp faqtorul fasebSi wminda gadasaxadebi 100,8 100,6 80,1 101,2 117,3 105,4 97,0 104,2 105,9 102,0 101,9 114,6 14,0 24,6 3,1 12,1 1,5 12,0 3,1 4,1 2,6 17,3 94,2 5,8 mSp 101,7 100 mSp deflatori 107,3 -------- wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis winaswari SefasebiT mSp-s zrdam 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 1,7 procenti Seadgina. transportsa da komunikaciebs Cveulebisamebr wamyvani adgili uWiravT, Sesabamisad 5,4 da 5,2 procentiani zrdis tempiT. mrewvelobaSi Seqmnili damatebuli Rirebuleba 0.8 procentiT gaizarda wina welTan SedarebiT, soflis meurneoba, meTevzeoba da metyeveoba ki 0,6 procentiT. magram adrindeli angariSebidan gansxvavebiT sadac mSenebloba swrafad izrdeboda, 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi mSeneblobaSi Seqmnili damatebuli Rirebuleba 20 procentiT daeca. es aixsneba baqo-sufsa navTobsadenis da sufsis terminalis mSeneblobis damTavrebiT. sastumroebis da restornebis aqtivoba 17,3 procentiT gaizarda. aseTi zrda SesaZloa aRricxvis gaumjobesebas mivaweroT, Tumca dasaSvebia aseve, rom ukeT iqna gamoyenebuli qveynis turistuli da gamajansaRebeli potenciali. wminda gadasaxadebi 14,6 procentiT gaizarda. finansTa saministro imedovnebs, rom wlis bolosTvis ekonomikuri zrda 5 procents Seadgens. mSp-s deflatorma 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 7,3 procenti Seadgina wina wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT, maSin roca inflacia imave periodSi 18,7 procenti iyo. es ukanaskneli amsaxvelia importis didi wilisa samomxmareblo bazarze. mrewvelobis zomieri zrda faravs zogierTi industriis ukiduresad dabal maCveneblebs. maSin roca msxvili sawarmoebis umetesoba (ZiriTadad saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi myofi) kvebis mrewvelobaSi, manqanaTmSeneblobaSi, metalurgiaSi da energetikaSi (mTeli industriis 80 procenti) amcireben warmoebas, ramodenime seqtorma, rogorc Cans, Tavisi niSa ipovna da swraf zrdas aCvenebs, Tumca Zalian dabali sawyisi maCveneblidan. magaliTad saSeni masalebis warmoeba 70 procentiT 8 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi gaizarda, sawvavis warmoeba 73 procentiT, xe-tyis warmoeba da damuSaveba 20 procentiT. realur seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa ricxvis Semcireba miuTiTebs Sromis nayofierebis amaRlebaze. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi mTliani ricxvi Semcirda 5700-iT da 96400 dasaqmebuli Seadgina. ekonomikaSi ucxouri monawileobis zrda (rac ara marto finansur investiciebs, aramed nou-haus gadacemasac gulisxmobs), privatizaciis winsvla, marketinguli gamocdilebis dagroveba, optimisturi prognozis gakeTebis saSualebas iZleva. mravali indikatori miuTiTebs soflis meurneobis zrdis tendenciaze. wina welTan SedarebiT 11 000 heqtariT meti miwa damuSavda. pirutyvis suladoba gaizarda, rac pirvelad moxda am bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi. gaizarda cxvrisa da Roris ricxvi. cqriala Rvinoebisa da magari sasmelebis warmoeba gaizarda Sesabamisad 36,8 da 200 procentiT, magram maTi gayidva adgilobriv bazarze odnav Semcirda. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi warmoebul iqna 45%-iT meti ludi wina wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT. ruseTis krizisma gansakuTrebuli ziani miayena borjomis warmoebas romelic 37 procentiT daeca wina welTan SedarebiT. Cais warmoebis zrdas kargi perspeqtivebi aqvs. wlis pirvel naxevarSi Cais warmoeba gaizarda 42 procentiT, magram gayidvas axlavs garkveuli problemebi. SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom qarTul sawarmoebs Zalian gamoadgebaT Tanamedrove marketinguli unarebi Tu maTi xelmZRvanelebi gaacnobiereben amis saWiroebas. miuxedavad imisa rom 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi soflis meurneobaSi Seqmnili damatebuli Rirebulebis zrda sakmaod mcire iyo _ 0,6 procenti _ mosalodnelia am ricxvis mniSvnelovani gazrda wlis bolosTvis. gaizarda sarkinigzo saavtomobilo da sazRvao transportis gadazidvebi da gadayvanil mgzavrTa raodenoba. sahaero transportTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs garkveuli problemebi. qarTuli aviakompaniebis moZvelebuli sahaero floti da momsaxurebis dabali standartebi ver uweven konkurencias ucxour kompaniebs. sazRvao gadazidvebis tarifebis liberalizaciam dadebiTi gavlena moaxdina tvirTebis moculobaze da Semosavlebze. momavalSi mosalodnelia am efeqtis kidev ufro gaRrmaveba. miuxedavad navTobsadenis da sufsis terminalis mSeneblobis damTavrebisa, rasac mniSvnelovani adgili eWira sarkinigzo komerciul gadazidvebSi, 1998 wlis pirvel naxevarTan SedarebiT, sarkinigzo tvirTbrunva 5 procentiT gaizarda. iTvleba rom oficialurad aRuricxavi biznesis wili maRalia saavtomobilo transportSi. bolo dros sabargo manqanebis mZRolebi daavaldebules Tan iqonion tvirTis damadasturebeli dokumentebi. am zomam unda gazardos rogorc biujetis Semosavlebi, aseve transportis wili mSp-Si. erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlena iyo navTobsadenis da navTobis terminalis mSeneblobis damTavreba rac 600 milioni aSS dolari dajda. ivnisis bolosTvis 12-ma tankerma datova sufsis terminali sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. kavSirgabmuloba albaT saqarTvelos ekonomikis yvelaze cocxali seqtoria da izidavs ucxoel investorebs. mobiluri satelefono qselebis swraf gafarToebasTan erTad grZeldeba sakabelo satelefono qselebis modernizacia. Zveli analogiuri sistemebis umetesoba Seicvala axali cifruli sistemebiT. Sendeba axali tele-radio retranslaciis sadgurebi. aqamde arasando safosto momsaxureba TandaTanobiT ufro swrafi da sando xdeba. saerTaSoriso safosto gzavnilebi saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 9 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi saqarTvelodan da saqarTveloSi ufro Cqara modis. aRdga adgilobrivi saswrafo safosto momsaxureba da fulis safosto gadaricxvis sistema ruseTTan. aramaterialuri warmoeba (vaWrobis, momsaxurebis, ganaTlebis da jandacvis CaTvliT) mkveTrad gaizarda, magram Znelia iTqvas zrdis ra nawili mivaweroT realur zrdas da ra gaumjobesebul statistikur aRricxvas. statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti yvelafers akeTebs am ukanasknelis gasaumjobeseblad. bolo dros Catarda msxvili restornebis gamokvleva romelmac gamoavlina, rom maTi realuri Semosavlebi oficialurad aRricxulze 150 procentiT maRalia. fiqroben rom avtogasamarT sadgurebSi kidev ufro metia aRuricxavi saqmianobis wili. statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebiT momsaxureba (vaWrobis gareSe) 20 procentiT gaizarda 1998 wlis pirvel naxevarTan SedarebiT. umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis umetesoba axdens Tavisi saqmianobis komercializacias1. Sesabamisad, mosalodnelia ekonomikis am seqtoris gafarToeba. turizmis ganviTareba erT-erT yvelaze perspeqtiul mimarTulebad iTvleba ucxouri valutis miRebisTvis, rac ase sWirdeba qveyanas didi sagareo valis da mimdinare angariSis deficitis pirobebSi. turizmis saxelmwifo departamentma SeimuSava am sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili saxelmwifo programa. am programis farglebSi, israelis aqtiuri daxmarebiT, gaigzavna winadadeba msoflio bankSi grZelvadiani kreditis gamoyofis Sesab, romelic turizmisa da kurortebis infrastruqturis ganviTarebaze unda daixarjos. vaWrobisa da sagareo-ekonomikuri urTierTobebis saministrom gamoaqveyna sainvesticio winadadebebis katalogi, romelic moicavs yvela ZiriTad turistul da sakurorto adgils. winaswari gamoTvlebiT saWiroa 224 milioni aSS dolaris investicia. statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis martis specialuri gamokvlevis Tanaxmad 211 sastumro saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi datvirTulia mxolod erTi mesamediT, saSualod ki mxolod 25 procentiT. sastumroebis maRali fasebi erT kviraze meti xniT Camosul ucxoelTa 90 procents iZulebuls xdis kerZo bina iqiraos. biznesis garemo statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis Tanaxmad samewarmeo saqmianobiT dakavebulTa 62 procenti kerZo seqtorSia dasaqmebuli. am seqtorze modis mTliani gamoSvebis 46 procenti. Tumca ki Crdilovani ekonomika aq ufro farTodaa fexgadgmuli. Sesabamisad, SesaZloa kerZo seqtoris wili gamoSvebaSi ufro maRali iyos. mcire sawarmoTa wili mTlian gamoSvebaSi mudmivad izrdeba. 1999 wlis pirveli 5 TvisTvis mcire sawarmoTa wilma 16 procenti anu 51,5 milioni lari Seadgina, rac 9,5 procentiT maRalia wina wlis maCvenebelze. myari sabazro garemos Camoyalibebis mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo sasaqonlo birJebisa da sabirJo vaWrobis Sesaxeb kanonis ratifikacia, romelic droSi daemTxva USAID-is mier fasiani qaRaldebis bazris ganviTarebisTvis gamoyofil grantze gamocxadebuli tenderis damTavrebas. tenderi moigo wamyvani qarTuli komerciuli struqturebis konsorciumma, romelsac meTaurobs ‘kavkasiis 1 saxelmwifo subsidiebis sanacvlod isini inarCuneben ufaso adgilebis did ricxvs 10 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi birJa’ _ Tavisufali bazris pioneri saqarTveloSi da postsabWour eraSi daarsebuli erT-erTi pirveli birJa. rogorc mravaljer iyo aRniSnuli sem-is wina gamoSvebebSi, grZelvadiani komerciuli kreditis deficiti ekonomikis erT-erTi mTavari problemaa. ergb afarToebs Tavis saqmianobas saqarTveloSi. TACIS-is soflis meurneobis regionuli proeqtis (RARP) memkvidre iqneba axali agro-sakredito instituti, romelic Seiqmneba arsebuli sakredito jgufis axal bankad gardaqmnis gziT. 1997 wels saqarTvelosa da iaponiis mTavrobebs Soris dadebuli xelSekruleba 500 milioni iaponuri ienas sasoflo sameurneo kreditis Sesaxeb ZalaSi Sevida. iaponiidan Camovida am Rirebulebis sasoflo sameurneo teqnika da qimikatebi, romlebic ukve ganawilda saarendo xelSekrulebebiT Semdgomi gamosyidvis uflebiT. gamosyidvis Sedegad miRebuli Tanxebi gamoyenebul iqneba rogorc sakredito resursi fermerebisa da kvebis mrewvelobis sawarmoebisaTvis. msgavsi SeTanxmeba miRweul iqna 1998 wels 380 milion iaponur ienaze. Mitsubishi Corporation-ma, romelmac moigo tenderi kreditis marTvaze, ukve Semozida saqarTveloSi SeTanxmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika. komerciul finansebSi mTavari movlenaa “mikrokreditbankis” daarseba, romelic aris qarTuli komerciuli bankebis, ergb-s, germaneli da danieli partniorebis erToblivi wamowyeba. banki gamoyofs kreditebs mcire da saSualo sawarmoebisTvis romlebsac aqamde ar hqondaT sakredito resursebiT sargeblobis saSualeba. garda amisa, 1 ivlisisTvis ergb-s, TACIS-is, KFW s msoflio bankis da saberZneTis komerciuli bankis mier sxvadasxva sawarmoebs, sakredito xazebis saSualebiT, gamoeyo 31,5 milioni laris krediti. am Tanxis 37 procenti moxmarda sasoflo-sameurneo da kvebis mrewvelobis sawarmoebs, 16 procenti momsaxurebis sawarmoebs, 16 procenti samrewvelo sawarmoebs, danarCeni ki sxva saqmianobiT dakavebul sawarmoebs. fasebi 1999 wlis pirvel eqvs TveSi samomxmareblo fasebi gaizarda 7,8 procentiT. wina wlis Sesabamis periodSi 0,2-procentiani deflacia iyo. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, 1998 wlis pirvel naxevarTan SedarebiT, fasebi 18,7 procentiT gaizarda. sainteresoa is faqti, rom maSin roca damoukideblobis Semdgom periodSi momsaxurebis fasebi bevrad ufro swrafad izdeboda, vidre saqonlis fasebi (igive mdgomareobaa umetes postkomunistur qveynebSi sadac momsaxurebas saTanadod ar afasebdnen) ganvlil krizisul wels momsaxurebis fasebi mxolod 13,3 procentiT gaizarda, kvebis produqtebis fasebi _ 19,2 procentiT, ara sakvebi samomxmareblo saqonlis fasebi ki – 21,4 procentiT. es garemoeba miuTiTebs Zlier damokidebulebaze importze. ianvarSi fasebi 2,6 procentiT gaizarda, TebervalSi ki 5 procentiT. miuxedavad maRali maCveneblisa es mainc naklebia laris gacvliTi kursis 28 procentiT dacemaze imave periodSi. martis bolos (sfi gaizarda 1,9 procentiT) SemoRebul iqna saaqcizo markebi Tambaqos nawarmze. amis gamo Tambaqos nawarmi droebiT gaqra savaWro obieqtebidan da misi sabazro fasi gaizarda. sigaretis fasis gaurkvevlobis gamo is ar aisaxeba aprilis fasebis indeqsSi (1,3 procenti inflacia), ramac mniSvnelovnad (Tumca droebiT) gazarda saqarTvelos mweveli mosaxleobis saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 11 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi xarjebi. Semdeg fasebma kleba daiwyo _ 1,6 procentiT maisSi da 1,4 procentiT ivnisSi. fasebis kleba aixsneba ara marto sezonuri faqtorebiT, aramed laris gacvliTi kursis mniSvnelovani amaRlebiT. saxelmwifos regulirebuli fasebi aseve gaizarda wlis pirvel naxevarSi. eleqtroenergiis tarifi TbilisSi 50 procentiT gaizarda (0,06 laridan 0,09 laramde kvt/sT-Si) da 38,3 procentiT (0,083 laramde) sxvagan. fasebis aweva gamoiwvia laris gacvliTi kursis gauaresebam da sawvavis importis sabaJo reJimis Secvlam. Tbilisis mosaxleobisTvis minimaluri tarifi gansazRvruli iyo Telasis privatizaciis SeTanxmebiT. ekonomikis saministros azriT (romelic tarifebis awevis winaaRmdegi iyo) es kidev ufro daazaralebs energotevadi municipaluri samsaxurebis muSaobas, rogoricaa metro da municipaluri wyalmomarageba. wisqvilebi, sacxobebi, kavSirgabmulobis obieqtebi da rkinigza aseve bevr energias moixmaren, Tumca ufro sicocxlisunarianad iTvlebian. maisidan gaZvirda gazis miwodeba. 1000 kuburi metri bunebrivi airis fasi 214 laridan 288 laramde, anu 34,6 procentiT gaizarda. savaWro barierebis moxsnis zogad politikasTan TanxmobiT gadaisinja da gaTanabrda sxvadasxva sertifikaciis tarifebi adgilobrivi da importuli saqonlisTvis. aqamde tarifebi importuli saqonlisTvis ufro maRali iyo. sarkinigzo tarifebi Semcirda yvela satranzito gadazidvisaTvis 25 procentiT da adgilobrivi samSeneblo masalebis gadazidvisaTvis. mimdinare angariSi mimdinare angariSi detalurad mxolod 1999 wlis pirveli kvartlisTvis mogvepoveba da moyvanilia cxrilSi 2.3. cxrili 2.3 mimdinare mimdinare angariSi. (aTasi aSS dolari) mimdinare angariSis balansi saqoneli krediti debeti arafaqtoruli momsaxureba krediti debeti faqtoruli momsaxureba krediti momsaxureTa xelfasebi debeti mimdinare transfertebi krediti momsaxureTa gzavnilebi debeti 1999 Ikv -75782 -96402 59615 -156017 -20137 61528 -81664 8626 21313 21313 -12686 32131 33197 14375 -1066 1998Ikv -104466 -182364 62502 -244866 -19621 67378 -86999 44019 61900 60000 -17881 53500 56500 37679 -3000 cvlileba 28684 85962 -2887 88849 -516 -5850 5335 -35393 -40587 -38687 5195 -21369 -23303 -23304 1934 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti 12 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi statistikis departamentis winaswari SefasebebiT 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi sagareo vaWrobis brunvam 373,6 milioni2 aSS dolari Seadgina, rac 1998 wlis Sesabamisi maCveneblis daaxloebiT 80 procentia. ZiriTadad Semcirda importi, romelic wina wlis maCvenebelze 25 procentiT naklebia. eqsportic Semcirda, magram 1 procentze naklebiT – 93,2 milion aSS dolaramde. axlad aRmocenebuli saeqsporto SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebas dro da marketinguli gamocdileba sWirdeba. ZiriTadi saeqsporto bazari _ ruseTi _ TviTon gaxda ukiduresad konkurentunariani eqsportis mxriv. miuxedavad amisa, gamomdinare iqidan, rom saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo eqsporti Zlier sezonuria, mosalodnelia eqsport/importis Sefardebis gazrda wlis bolosTvis. meore pozitiuri niSania cvlilebebi eqsportis ganawilebaSi Tveebis mixedviT, rac mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba wina wlebis mdgomareobisgan. dRemde, Tviuri eqsportis moculobebis fluqtuaciebi SemTxveviTi iyo da 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi saxezea Zlieri aRmavloba. ivnisis eqsporti (romelic 25 procentiT metia wina wlis maCvenebelze) TiTqmis orjer aRemateba ianvris maCvenebels. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi savaWro deficiti daaxloebiT 1,5-jer naklebi iyo vidre 1998 wels. rac Seexeba mimdinare angariSis sxva komponentebs, SesamCnevi cvlilebaa faqtoruli momsaxurebisa da mimdinare transfertebis angariSebis Semcireba. pirveli moicavs saqarTvelodan mokle droiT samuSaod gasulTa Semosavlebis repatriacias, meore ki, ZiriTadad, xangrZlivad momuSaveTa gzavnilebisgan Sedgeba. am ekonomikuri migrantebis umetesoba ruseTSi momuSave qarTvelebi arian da maTi finansuri mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad gaauaresa ruseTis krizisma. arafaqtoruli momsaxurebis balansi odnav Semcirda da araviTari daskvnis gakeTebis saSualebas ar iZleva. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT zemoT naxseneb saqarTvelos turizmis ganviTarebaze mimarTul Zalisxmevas, mosalodnelia am angariSis kreditis nawilis gazrda. sagareo vali 2 sabaJoze registrirebuli importi bunebrivi gazis da eleqtroenergiis gareSe. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 13 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi sagareo valis mdgomareoba 1999 wlis ivnisis bolosTvis moyvanilia cxrilSi 2.4. sagareo valis momsaxurebam 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi Seadgina 41.2 milioni lari. cxrili 2.4 SeTanxmebuli da aTvisebuli kreditebi 1999 wlis 30 ivnisisTvis. (milioni aSS dolari) kreditori SeTanxmebuli aTvisebuli ruseTi 179,27 179,27 somxeTi 19,59 19,59 azerbaijani 16,19 16,19 yazaxeTi 27,77 27,77 % mTlian moculobaSi evrokavSiri 114,93 114,93 ssf 300,97 300,97 msoflio banki 388,37 304,87 ergb 99,85 34,98 agsf 6,54 1,26 44,20 0,00 2,91 2,91 11,0 1,2 1,0 1,7 24,1 0,1 0,1 5,0 0,2 2,7 3,3 0,8 2,1 7,1 18,5 18,7 2,1 0,1 0,0 0,2 1875,79 1629,93 100,0 TurqmeneTi* 393,57 393,57 uzbekeTi 1,00 1,00 ukraina 0,92 0,92 avstria 82,00 82,00 3,13 3,13 germania 92,41 44,48 TurqeTi 54,34 54,34 irani 12,83 12,83 aSS 35,00 34,91 CineTi seTf** sahaero moZraobis kontroli*** sul wyaro: finansTa saministro * TurqmeneTis validan 20 milioni aSS dolari gadaxdil iqna 1998 wels. ** iaponiis sazRvargareTTan ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis fondi *** saxelmwifo garantia aSS-s sahaero moZraobis kontrolis kreditisTvis 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi gadasaxdeli kreditebis momsaxurebis Tanxebis umetesoba mTlianad iqna gadaxdili. davalianeba TiTqmis ar dagrovda. kreditebis momsaxurebisTvis gadaxdilia Semdegi Tanxebi: • evrokavSirisTvis 1999 wels gadasaxdeli 10,7 milioni laridan, dagegmili iyo, wlis pirvel naxevarSi gadaxdilia 5,6 milioni lari. • msoflio bankisTvis gadasaxdeli 5,5 milioni laridan wlis pirvel naxevarSi dagegmili iyo 2,1 milioni laris gadaxda. realurad gadaxdilia 2,2 milioni lari. (gansxvaveba gacvliTi kursis cvlilebebs unda mivaweroT). • 1999 wels sxva kreditebis momsaxurebaze gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 69 milioni laris gadaxda saidanac wlis pirvel naxevarze 33,6 milioni lari modioda. realurad gadaxdilia 33,4 milioni lari. 14 rogorc saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi • evrokavSirisTvis valis ZiriTadi Tanxis dabrunebaze gaTvaliswinebulia 48,6 milioni laris gadaxda, magram es dagegmilia wlis meore naxevarSi. Sesabamisad, ivnisis bolosTvis gadaxda ar momxdara. • TurqmeneTTan valis restruqturizaciis SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad 1999 wels 50 milioni lari unda gadaxdiliyo. magram amJamad mimdinareobs molaparakeba valis SesaZlo (mesame) restruqturizaciis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, Tanxis gadaxda ar momxdara. • msoflio bankTan sainvesticio proeqtebis Tanadafinansebis SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos monawileoba 1999 wels 15,1 milion lars Seadgens. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi asaTvisebeli 4,8 milioni laridan gadaxdilia mxolod 1,1 milioni lari. 3,6 milioni laris danaklisis dafarva rac SeiZleba male unda moxdes imisTvis, rom SenarCunebul iqnes msoflio bankis mxardaWera. • sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis wevrobisTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxa 1999 wlis biujetSi 1 milion lars Seadgenda. wlis pirvel naxevarSi gadasaxdeli 788 aTasi laridan gadaxdilia mxolod 354 aTasi lari. 1999 wels miRebul iqna mxolod erTi axali msoflio bankis SAC-3 krediti 130,4 milioni laris odenobiT. saqarTvelos mxridan sainvesticio proeqtebis dafinansebaSi Seferxebebis gamo krediti mxolod nawilobriv, 30,7 milioni laris odenobiT, iqna miRebuli. ZiriTadi seqtorebis maCveneblebi soflis meurneoba da sursaTis warmoeba soflis meurneoba soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis saministros informaciiT TavTaviani kulturebis mosavlis aReba mimdinare wels warmatebiT Catarda. 1 oqtombrisTvis aRebul iqna 280 aTasi tona marcvali, rac 26 procentiT aRemateba SarSandel maCvenebels. saSualo mosavlianoba erT heqtarze gaizarda 12,9 centneridan 20,5 centneramde. miuxedavad cxeli amindebisa mimdinare wels bostneulis da kartofilis kargi mosavali iqna miRebuli. seriozuli zrda dafiqsirda meCaieobaSic. 13 oqtombrisTvis mokrefil iqna 58,8 aTasi tona Cais foToli, rac 12,2 aTasi toniT (20 procentiT) aRemateba SarSandel maCvenebels. meCaieobis sareabilitaciod gamiznuli iyo 2 milioni laris sainvesticio kreditis gamoyofa, magram, realurad, noembris dasawyisisaTvis miRebul iqna mxolod 1 800 000 lari. amave dros, mimdinare wlis 6 TveSi melioraciis sistemis marTvis RonisZiebebi dafinansda 65,8 procentiT, xolo veterinaruli momsaxureba mxolod 21,5 procentiT. soflis meurneobis sferoSi saxelmwifo programebis aseTi susti dafinanseba gamowveulia seriozuli sabiujeto krizisiT. qveynis soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan xelSemSlel faqtors Tanamedrove agro-teqnikisa da maRali xarisxis sasuqebis deficiti warmoadgens. iaponiis mTavroba aqtiurad exmareba saqarTvelos am problemis gadawyvetaSi. am mizniT gamoiyo ramdenime granti sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis SesaZenad programa saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 15 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi kenedis raundi 2-s (2KR) Tanaxmad. pirveli ori granti (500 da 380 milioni iena) ukve aTvisebulia. rusuli, finuri da inglisuri warmoebis sxvadasxva tipis kombainebi da traqtorebi, oTxwliani ganvadebis pirobiT, SeiZines adgilobrivma fermerebma da iuridiulma pirebma. 2KR programis mesame grantiT (370 milioni iena) gansazRvrul kombainebs qveyana miiRebs momavali wlis dasawyisSi. seriozul problemad rCeba qarTveli fermerebis sabrunavi kapitaliT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxic. rogorc gamocdileba gviCvenebs am problemis gadawyvetis saukeTeso gzas glexTa sakredito kavSirebis Seqmna warmoadgens. ukve Seqmnilia 130-mde aseTi sakredito kavSiri. msoflio bankma, evrokomisiam da safrangeTis mTavrobam mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes maT CamoyalibebaSi. glexTa finansuri xelSewyobis am formam ufro metad gaamarTla vidre kreditebis gacemam komerciuli bankebis meSveobiT, vinaidan bankebi, rogorc wesi, maRal saprocento ganakveTebs awesebdnen kreditebze. kvebis mrewveloba mimdinare wlis pirvel naxevarSi purisa da pur-produqtebis warmoeba SarSandelTan SedarebiT 34%-iT daeca. es statistikuri Semcireba ar asaxavs puris warmoebisa da moxmarebis realur Semcirebas qveyanaSi, aramed ubralod avlens im faqts, rom msxvili puris qarxnebi da wisqvil-kombinatebi aRmoCndnen warmoebis gaCerebisa da gakotrebis zRvarze. amis gamomwvev mTavar mizezs ki warmoadgens mcire sacxobebis is nawili, romlebic iyeneben kontrabandul iaffasian fqvils da ar ixdian sxvadasxva saxis sabiujeto gadasaxadebs da eleqtroenergiisa da wylis safasurs. magaliTad, TbilisSi mcire sacxobebs ukaviaT Sida bazris ori mesamedi, magram maTi wili sabiujeto SemosavlebSi ramdenjerme naklebia msxvili qarxnebis wilze. aseTi arasasurveli pirobebi aiZulebs msxvil mwarmoeblebs Sewyviton saqmianoba an gardaiqmnan mcire sacxobebad. es ki gamoiwvevs aTasobiT adamianis samuSaodan daTxovnas da sabiujeto Semosavlebis kidev ufro met Semcirebas. amJamad ukve SemuSavebulia dargis krizisidan gamoyvanis ramdenime gza. kerZod, puris mwarmoeblebis mier SemoTavazebulia mza produqciaze fiqsirebuli gadasaxadebis daweseba tonaze 20 laris odenobiT. maTi gaangariSebiT sabiujeto Semosavlebi am RonisZiebis Sedegad sul cota orjer mainc gaizrdeba. mineraluri wylebi saqarTvelos erT-erT wamyvan saeqsporto saqonels warmoadgens. dReisaTvis ukve aRdgenilia sxvadasxva dasaxelebis mineraluri wylis warmoeba - "mitarbi", "nabeRlavi", "sairme", borjomi", "aragvi-maqarTa" da sxv. mimdinare wlis pirvel naxevarSi Camosxmul iqna mxolod 22 milioni boTli, rac 37 procentiT naklebia SarSandelTan SedarebiT da Seadgens dargis potenciuri SesaZleblobebis 10-12 procents. mkveTrad daeca (30 procentiT) "borjomis" warmoebac. finansuri problemebis gamo, bevrma rusma partniorma uari Tqva qarTuli saqonlis SeZenaze. garda amisa, mineraluri wylebis msxvili mwarmoeblebi awydebian TavianTi produqciis Sida bazarze gasaRebis problemasac, rac gamowveulia mineraluri wylebis aRuricxavi da unebarTvo Camosxmis zrdiT. amitomac, minisa da mineraluri wylebis kompaniam Tavisi nawarmis falsifikatorebisgan dasacavad SesTavaza saqarTvelos mTavrobas aqcizuri markebis SemoReba. amJamad "borjomis" Camosxmas oficialurad awarmoebs 17 firma, rac qmnis seriozul gaugebrobas momxmarebelSi. 16 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi aqedan gamomdinare, miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba, rom "borjomis" wyali Camoisxas xuTi gansxvavebuli etiketiT. msxvil mwarmoeblebs "GG&MV Co. N.V." "BIG", "GMW" da "fericixe" gaaCniaT sakuTari etiketebi, xolo danarCeni mcire mwarmoeblebi awarmoeben "borjoms" erTi saerTo etiketiT. mimdinare wlis dasawyisidan samomxmareblo bazarze gamovida axali saxis produqcia. "borjomis wyaroebi", romlis Camosxma xdeba "GG&MV Co. N.V" mier da "Bonaqua", iwarmoeba "koka-kola boTlers jorjias" mier. es aris sufris, arasamedicino daniSnulebisa da naklebad mineralizebuli wylebi. saqarTvelo umdidresi qveyanaa wylis resursebis TvalsazrisiT evropaSi (ix. cxrili 2.5). mineraluris garda qveyana flobs sasmeli wylis seriozul rezervebsac (saxelmwifos mier damtkicebuli resursi Seadgens 3,1 trilion litrs weliwadSi). aqedan gamomdinare, qveyanaSi kargi perspeqtiva arsebobs sasmeli wylis eqsportis gafarToebisaTvis, xolo arsebuli resursebi savsebiT sakmarisia, raTa srulad dakmayofildes ganviTarebadi qveynebis moTxovna am Zvirfass produqtze. cxrili 2.5: evropis zogierTi qveynis wylis resursebi qveynebi aTasi kuburi metri erT sul mosaxleze weliwadSi saqarTvelo 11 avstria 7.6 belorusia 3.5 safrangeTi 3.0 didi britaneTi 2.1 bulgareTi 2.0 germania 1.3 belgia 0.9 wyaro: soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis saministro warmoeba navTobis mopoveba saqarTvelos Savi zRvis SelfSi nedli navTobis prognozirebuli resursi 200 milion tonas Seadgens. amerikul kompania ARCO-s gamiznuli hqonda maT aTvisebaSi monawileobis miReba, magram wlis dasawyisSi navTobze dabali fasebis gamo ARCO-m uari Tqva proeqtSi monawileobaze. amave dros, navTobmompovebelma kompaniebma "frontera istern jorjiam" da "ramko enerjim" ukve Caatares seriozuli geofizikuri gamokvlevebi kaxeTSi. maTi SefasebiT didi perspeqtivebi arsebobs am regionSi navTobmompovebeli biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis. mrewveloba mravalwliani kolafsis Semdeg mrewvelobis dargebSi SeimCneva gamococxleba. mniSvnelovani zrda dafiqsirda qimiur, msubuqi mrewvelobis, saSeni masalebis, saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 17 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi navTobgadamamuSavebel da xe-tyis damamuSavebel dargebSi. warmatebiT ganxorcielebuli privatizaciis Semdeg s/s "rusTavcementma" aiTvisa axali saxis produqcia da 270 procentiT gazarda warmoebis moculoba SarSandelTan SedarebiT. s/s "quTaisis saavtomobilo qarxanam" aiTvisa avtomobilebis 7 axali modeli: mini da saqalaqo avtobusebi, sxvadasxva saxis nagvis Semgrovebeli manqanebi. amave dros, sawarmo axorcielebs detalebis Camosxmasa da meqanikur damuSavebas ucxouri kompaniebis dakveTiT. mimdinare wels s/s "azotma" mniSvnelovnad gazarda warmoebis moculoba da 7 TveSi ukve awarmoa 7,5 milioni lariT meti produqcia (azotovani sasuqebi, cianmarilebi), vidre gasul wels. Tbilisis saaviacio qarxanam miiRo TurqmeneTis mTavrobis dakveTa 45 sabrZolo TviTmfrinavis SekeTebis Taobaze. 9 TveSi Sesrulebuli iqna 4,1 milioni laris saremonto samuSaoebi. eleqtroenergia 1999 wlis meore kvartalSi, pirvel kvartalTan SedarebiT, qveynis Sida warmoeba gaizarda 16 procentiT, magram 1998 wlis meore kvartalTan SedarebiT Semcirda 2 procentiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom hidro-eleqtro-sadgurebma wina kvartalTan SedarebiT warmoeba 98 procentiT gazarda, arasasurveli meteorologiuri pirobebis gamo 1998 wlis imave periodTan SedarebiT gacilebiT nakleb eleqtroenergias gamoimuSavebdnen. hidro-eleqtro-sadgurebis mier Semcirebuli eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebis kompensacia ganxorcielda Termuli eleqtro-sadgurebis, kerZod gardabnis eleqtro-sadguris, warmoebis gazrdiT. 1999 wlis meore kvartalSi, 1998 wlis meore kvartalTan SedarebiT, gardabnis eleqtrosadgurma warmoeba samjer gazarda (ix. statistikuri danarTis cxrili A2.2). nax. 2.1: eleqtroenergiis warmoeba 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 qselSi mTliani miwodeba 1,000 privatizirebuli da saijaro sawarmoebi wminda importi saxelmwifo warmoeba mgvtsT 500 0 -500 I kv 1995 II kv III kv IV kv I kv 1996 II kv III kv IV kv I kv 1997 II kv III kv IV kv I kv 1998 II kv III kv IV kv I kv 1999 II kv wyaro: saqenergo 1998 wlis meore kvartalTan SedarebiT qselis saerTo momarageba gaizarda 11 procentiT. zrda gamowveuli iyo eleqtroenergiis TurqeTSi eqsportirebis 18 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi SemcirebiT. meore kvartalSi ruseTidan importis Semcirebis imports axorcielebs TurqeTidan. nacvlad saqarTvelo am seqtorSi gadasaxadebis mokreba kvlav yvelaze did problemas warmoadgens. pirvel kvartalSi gadasaxadebis mokrebis saerTo donem 44 procents miaRwia. ojaxebidan gadasaxadebis mokrebis koeficientma (rac eleqtroenergiis saerTo moxmarebis naxevars warmoadgens) 31 procenti Seadgina. statistikuri danarTis A2.3 cxrilSi mocemuli cifrebis Tanaxmad, gadasaxadebis mokreba yvelaze meti warmatebiT xorcieldeboda im kategoriidan, romelic Sedgeba vaWrobisa da momsaxurebis sferos mcire sawarmoebisagan. gadasaxadebis mokrebis dabali koeficienti SesaZloa nawilobriv ganpirobebuli iyos gamanawilebeli kompaniebis gegmiuri privatizaciiT. Cans, rom gamanawilebeli kompaniebis administracia ar zrunavs gadasaxadebis gadaxdaze, radgan privatizaciis Semdeg maTi Secvlaa mosalodneli. nax. 2.2: Sinameurneobebis da mrewvelobis mier miRebuli da gadaxdili eleqtroenergia, eleqtroenergia, 19961996-1999 wlebSi 450 000 400 000 mrewvelobis mier miRebuli mrewvelobis mier gadaxdili 350 000 Sinameurneobebis mier miRebuli Sinameurneobebis mier gadaxdili 300 000 mgvtst 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 eb ma r ia n T no e d ek se q o qt ag v n l iv ma i iv ap r eb ma t ia n T d ek no e ag v se q o qt n l iv ma i iv ap r eb ma r ia n T no e d ek se q oq t ag v n l iv ma i iv ap r eb ma r T ia n 0 wyaro: saqenergo navTobis gadamuSaveba sarTiWalis qarTul-amerikuli navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxana aris ucxouri investiciebis daxmarebiT Seqmnili axali samrewvelo sawarmo, romlis simZlavre Seadgens 100 aTasi tona nedli navTobis gadamuSavebas. qarxnis xelmZRvanelobas gamiznuli hqonda sakuTari nawarmis realizacia adgilobriv bazarze. gasul wels miRweul iqna SeTanxmeba s/s "TbilsresTan" Tbilisis TboeleqtrosadgurisTvis mazuTis miwodebis Sesaxeb. magram "Tbilsresma" ar gadaixada miwodebuli sawvavis (2 500 tona) Tanxa, xolo Semdeg uari Tqva mazuTis Sesyidvaze da gadaerTo sxva momwodeblebze. aseT gadawyvetilebas "Tbilsresis" specialistebi imiT xsnian, rom ucxoelma momwodeblebma maT ukeTesi pirobebi SesTavazes (mazuTis miwodeba konsignaciis wesiT, yovelgvari winaswari gadaxdis gareSe). garda amisa, qarxnisaTvis seriozul problemad rCeba navTobproduqtebze maRali aqcizuri ganakveTebis arseboba (80 procenti), rac mniSvnelovnad zrdis saboloo produqciis fass kontrabandul da iaf importTan SedarebiT. amerikel investorebs gamiznuli hqondaT saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 19 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi orjer gaezardaT sawarmos simZlavre, magram arsebuli mdgomareoba da finansuri zarali aiZulebs maT piriqiT ifiqron sawarmos daSlaze. saqarTvelos mTavroba cdilobs xeli Seuwyos sawarmos saqmianobas imiT, rom uzrunvelyos adgilobrivi dakveTebiT da gadauvados sabiujeto davalianeba. navTobiT mdidar kaspiis regionTan siaxlove karg perspeqtivebs qmnis saqarTveloSi navTobgadamamuSavebeli da qimiuri mrewvelobis ganviTarebisaTvis. iaponurma kompania "micuim" gamoTqva survili moaxdinos msxvilmasStabiani investiciebi baTumis navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis rekonstruqciaSi. proeqtis Rirebuleba Sefasebulia 250 milion dolarad. garda amisa, momavali wlidan gamiznulia sufsaSi axali navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis mSeneblobis dawyeba, romlis simZlavre 3 milioni tona iqneba. msubuqi mrewveloba mimdinare wlis eqvs TveSi msubuqi mrewvelobis dargSi warmoebul iqna 7,6 procentiT meti produqcia vidre gasuli wlis Sesabamis periodSi. s/s "isani-qarTum", "imereTma", "modelebis saxlma", "oqsinom", "maudma", baTumis samkervalo qarxanam da sxva sawarmoebma SeZles warmatebiT moezidaT ucxouri investiciebi da aseve, ucxouri teqnologiebisa da nedleulis gamoyenebiT, ganeaxlebinaT saeqsporto warmoeba. seqtemberSi s/s "maudma" ruseTis bazarze gaitana 80 aTasi dolaris Rirebulebis mza produqcia (Salis sabnebi), romelic damzadebul iqna adgilobriv nedleulze. amJamad mimdinareobs "maudis" sawarmoo bazis srulmasStabiani modernizacia rusuli kompania-investoris s/s "logovazis" mier. miuxedavad dadebiTi Zvrebisa am dargis potenciali mainc umniSvnelodaa gamoyenebuli (2-5 procenti) sawarmoTa didi nawili umoqmedodaa, an damokidebulia samxedro dakveTebze. mimdinare wels, samxedro dakveTebis mkveTri Semcirebis fonze, zogierTi sawarmos finansuri mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad gauaresda. meabreSumeoba uZvelesi tradiciuli dargia saqarTveloSi. am dargis sareabilitaciod mimdinare wels gamoyofil iqna 300 aTasi laris sainvesticio krediti, romlis xarjzec Semotanili iqna tailandidan grena (abreSumis Wiis kvercxi). nedleuli ukve darigda saqarTvelos 27 raionSi. amave dros, amuSavda Telavis ZafsaRebi qarxana (s/s "WiWnauri"). dargis eqspertTa SefasebiT, abreSumze moTxovna aucileblad gaizrdeba momavalSi, ase rom meabreSumeobis ganviTarebas didi perspeqtiva gaaCnia saqarTveloSi. metalurgia da mompovebeli mrewveloba bolo periodSi gaCnda Savi metalurgiis krizisidan gamoyvanis imedic. mimdinare wlis pirvel naxevarSi s/s "rusTavis metalurgiul kombinats" Tveebis ganmavlobaSi ar umuSavia. sawarmos daugrovda seriozuli davalianeba gazis momwodeblebis mimarT. 1998 wlis dasawyisidan ruseT-aSS-israelis kompania "metaluroilgazinvests" gadaeca kombinatze marTvis ufleba, magram kontrolis palatis monacemebiT investors ar Seusrulebia Tavisi valdebulebebi. saqarTvelos mTavroba iZulebuli gaxda Tavad ezruna gasaRebis bazrebis moZiebaze. gasul 20 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi zafxuls miRweul iqna SeTanxmeba azerbaijanisaTvis 40 aTasi tona foladis milebis miwodebis Sesaxeb. s/s "fero" erT-erTi umsxvilesi moqmedi sawarmoa dRes saqarTveloSi. mimdinare wlis 6 TveSi warmoebul iqna 19,1 milioni laris produqcia, rac 2,7 procentiT aRemateba SarSandel maCvenebels. s/s "fero" awvdis feroSenadnobebs ucxoel momxmareblebs da akmayofilebs msoflio moTxovnis 3-4 procents am saqonelze. mimdinare wlis dasawyisidan "ferom" uari Tqva gabonis madnis Sesyidvaze da gadaerTo adgilobriv nedleulze, ramac SesaZlebloba misca s/s "WiaTurmanganums" ganeaxlebina warmoeba. Sedegad 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi "WiaTurmanganumis" warmoebis moculoba gaizarda 6,7-jer SarSandelTan SedarebiT da 2 milioni lari Seadgina. Tumca es zrdac ki umniSvneloa sawarmos potencialTan SedarebiT. "WiaTurmanganumis" saqmianoba mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs social-ekonomikur mdgomareobas WiaTuris raionSi, amitomac qveynis mTavroba gansakuTrebiT dainteresebulia msxvili investoris moZiebaSi. am mizniT samjer ukve Catarda tenderi. pirvel tenderSi gamarjvebulma rusulma kompania "industriam" gadaixada gasayidi fasis 1 milioni aSS-s dolaridan mxolod 100 aTasi dolari, amitomac tenderis Sedegebi gauqmda da Catarda axali, romelic Tavis mxriv CaiSala imis gamo, rom aravis gamouTqvams masSi monawileobis survili. mesame tenderi Catarda mimdinare wlis 20 agvistos. gamarjvebulad gamocxadda Cexuri kompania "saga-printi". tenderSi gamarjvebuls dagegmili aqvs mniSvnelovnad gazardos madnis mopoveba da miawodos is ara marto "feros", aramed ucxoel momxmareblebsac. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 21 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi infrastruqtura navTobsadeni kaspiis zRvis adreuli navTobis transportirebis "dasavleTis" marSruti oficialurad 1999 wlis 17 aprils gaixsna. am proeqtis yvelaze mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgenda sufsis navTobterminalis mSenebloba, romelic gaTvlilia nedli navTobis misaRebad da Sesanaxad misi Semdgomi transportirebisaTvis. terminali moicavs oTx rezervuars TiToeuls 40 aTasi tona moculobiT, navTobis saregistracio sadgurebs, maT gadasaqaC tumboebs da 5 kilometri sigrZis navTobsadens, aseve navTobis dasatvirT tivtiva mowyobilobas, romelic mdebareobs napiridan sami kilometris moSorebiT da saidanac xdeba gemebis navTobiT datvirTva. sul dasavleTis marSrutis navTobsadenis sigrZe Seadgens 827 kilometrs. misi simZlavre 105 aTasi barelia dReSi (anu daaxloebiT 5 milioni tona weliwadSi). marto mimdinare wlis april-ivnisSi 948 aTasi tona nedli navTobi iqna miRebuli terminalze, amave periodSi 10 gemi daitvirTa navTobiT. baqo-sufsis navTobsadenis mSeneblobis warmatebiT ganxorcieleba saukeTeso magaliTia saqarTveloSi ucxouri investiciebis dabandebisa. am proeqtis realizacia seriozul mogebas moutans qveyanas, kerZod azerbaijanis saerTaSoriso saoperacio kompaniam navTobis transportirebisaTvis erT barelze 18 centi unda gadauxados qarTul mxares. "dasavleTis marSrutis" konkurentunarianobas amyarebs is faqtic, rom ruseTze gamavali "CrdiloeTis marSrutiT" navTobis transportireba xSirad wydeba sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo (teqnikuri mizezebi, ruseTis vali CeCneTisadmi, terorizmi). sazRvao portebi da transporti foTis sazRvao portis infrastruqtura TandaTanobiT umjobesdeba. mimdinare wlis aprilis TveSi foTis portSi gaixsna sarkinigzo saborne gadasasvleli, romlis mSenebloba ganxorcielda trasekas programis farglebSi da dafinansda evrokavSiris mier 15 milioni evroTi. sarkinigzo borani akavSirebs foTis ports iliCevskTan (ukraina) da varnasTan (bulgareTi). amJamad sarkinigzo saborne gadazidvebi iwarmoeba ara marto foTis, aramed baTumis portidanac. kerZod, mimdinare wlis aT TveSi miRebul iqna 2300 vagoni da gagzavnil iqna 1890 vagoni, rac kidev erTxel amtkicebs transkavkasiuri satransporto derefnis sicocxlisunarianobas. sarkinigzo terminalis gaxsnis Semdeg foTis portSi mwyobrSi Sevida specialuri bambis terminalic, romelic ZiriTadad uzbekur tvirTebs daamuSavebs. amave dros miRweulia SeTanxmeba imis Taobaze, rom iaponuri kompania "micubiSi" foTis portSi aaSenebs axal navmisadgoms mSrali tvirTebis dasamuSaveblad. garda amisa, irlandiur kompania "Canel enerji" ganixilavs foTSi navTobproduqtebis axali terminalis mSeneblobis sakiTxs. proeqtis Rirebuleba Sefasebulia 23 milion dolarad. saqarTvelos sazRvao sanaosnosTan dakavSirebulma skandalma Tavis kulminacias zafxulis dasawyisSi miaRwia, roca naTeli gaxda, rom saqarTvelo sakuTari flotis sruli dakargvis saSiSroebis winaSe dgas. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTvelos darCa 56 gemi, romelTa raodenoba amJamad mxolod 32-mde 22 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi Semcirda. arasworma komerciulma politikam, sakuTrebis araefeqturma gamoyenebam, finansurma darRvevebma da araproduqtiuli xarjebis maRalma donem damangrevel Sedegebamde miiyvana saqarTvelos floti. qarTuli gemebi mravaljer iqna dakavebuli ucxoeTis portebSi davalianebisaTvis, xolo mezRvaurebi Tveebis ganmavlobaSi ar Rebulobdnen xelfass. saerTo jamSi "saqarTvelos sazRvao sanaosnos" valma 137 milion dolars miaRwia, saidanac 102 milioni dolari "hamburg lendbankis" davalianebaa. sazRvao flotis sruli dakargvis Tavidan asacileblad qveynis mTavrobam ofSorul zonebSi registrirebuli 26 gemis safuZvelze Camoayaliba axali kompania "saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso sanaosno". amave dros, miRweul iqna SeTanxmeba "hamburg lendbankTan" damatebiTi 30 milioni dolaris kreditis gamoyofis Sesaxeb. kreditori bankis moTxovniT mowveul iqna germanuli kompania "kolumbia" teqnikuri, finansuri da komerciuli menejmentis gansaxorcieleblad. yovelive amas ki dadebiTi Zvrebi mohyva. davalianeba gemebis ekipaJebis mimarT (6 milioni dolari) ukve dafarulia da 19 gemi sruli datvirTviT muSaobs. rkinigzis transporti saqarTvelos rkinigziT gadaziduli tvirTebis moculoba TandaTanobiT izrdeba da mimdinare wlis eqvs TveSi 4 milion tonas miaRwia, rac 5 procentiT aRemateba gasuli wlis Sesabamis periods. samwuxarod, lokomotivebis da satvirTo vagonebis parkis didi nawili, iseve rogorc kavSirgabmulobis sistema da sarkinigzo meurneoba, amortizirebulia da moiTxovs seriozul SekeTebas. evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankma "saqarTvelos rkinigzas" ukve gamouyo am miznebisTvis dabal-procentiani krediti 20 milioni dolaris odenobiT. vinaidan sarkinigzo kavSiri Crdilo-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT, afxazeTis gavliT, blokirebulia, saqarTvelos mxare cdilobs gaafarTovos satransporto kavSirebi sxva mimarTulebebiT. kargi perspeqtiva gaaCnia saqarTvelosa da TurqeTs Soris axali sarkinigzo xazis (yarsi-axalqalaqis) mSeneblobas. orive qveyana dainteresebulia sarkinigzo mimosvlis ganviTarebiT. am gegmis ganxorcieleba iZleva imis SesaZleblobas, rom moxdes azerbaijanidan Turqul port jeihanamde navTobis transportireba. proeqtis Tanaxmad yarsi-axalqalaqis rkinigzis sigrZe Seadgens 125 kilometrs (saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamavali 32-kilometriani monakveTis CaTvliT). Tumca, rogorc aRmoCnda, arsebuli marabda-axalqalaqis rkinigzis monakveTs ar ZaluZs satranzito tvirTebis gadazidva da moiTxovs reabilitacias. saqme imaSia, rom rkinigzis es monakveTi gaTvlili iyo mxolod adgilobrivi daniSnulebis tvirTebze da, garda amisa, garkveuli xarvezebi iqna daSvebuli mis mSeneblobaSiac. swored am problemebis mosagvareblad gadawyda yarsi-axalqalaqis proeqtis Tbilisi-yarsis proeqtad transformireba. samwuxarod, rkinigzis mSeneblobis dasafinanseblad saWiro Tanxebi jerac ver gamoinaxa, amitomac miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba erTiani saerTaSoriso tenderis Catarebisa da proeqtis dasafinanseblad ucxoeli investorebis mowvevis Sesaxeb. Turqulma mxarem gamoTqva mzadyofna am mizniT gasces saxelmwifo garantiebi. kavSirgabmuloba saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 23 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi Sida-saqalaqo satelefono kavSiri fasiani gaxda Tbilisis, quTaisisa da foTis zogierT ubanSi, Tumca es cvlileba Seexeba mxolod axali satelefono sadgurebis (Sps "axali qselebis") abonentebs. "axali qselebi" Tavis gadawyvetilebas xsnis momxmarebelTa momsaxurebis xarjebis mkveTri zrdiT (6 lari erT abonentze, roca Tviuri gadasaxadi mxolod 1 lars Seadgens) da ucxouri kreditebis dafarvis aucileblobiT. "axalma qselebma" Caatara gamokvleva Tbilissa da quTaisSi satelefono saubrebis saSualo xangrZlivobis gansazRvris mizniT. aRmoCnda, rom is Seadgens 600 wuTs TveSi. mimdinare wlis Tebervlidan kompaniis abonentTa satelefono momsaxurebis tarifebma Semdegi saxe miiRo: Tviuri gadasaxadi kvlav ucvleli darCa 1 laris odenobiT, rac saSualebas aZlevs momxmareblebs isargeblon TveSi 300-wuTiani limitiT. limitze gadametebis SemTxvevaSi TiToeul wuTze gadasaxadi 2 TeTrs Seadgens. Sedegad, pirvel etapze "axali qselebis" abonentTa raodenoba umniSvnelod Semcirda, magram Semdeg ki gaizarda axal msurvelTa xarjze. amJamad kompanias 55 753 abonenti hyavs TbilisSi, 18 000 quTaisSi da 3 000 foTSi. satelefono momsaxurebaze axali satarifo ganakveTebis SemoRebis Sedegad, satelefono saubrebis saSualo xangrZlivoba 320 wuTamde daeca. amJamad "axali qselebis" momxmarebelTa 62 procenti icavs 300-wuTian limits. ase rom, satelefono qselebis gadatvirTvis problema moxsnil iqna. unda aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom msgavsi fasiani satelefono momsaxureoba ukve danergilia dsT-s bevr qalaqSi. satelefono qselebis efeqturi funqcionireba da ganviTareba moiTxovs maRali sainvesticio xarjebis anazRaurebas. arsebobs ori gza am problemis gadasawyvetad: yovelTviuri gadasaxadis gazrda, romelic miuRebelia socialurad daucveli mosaxleobisaTvis da meore wuTobrivi momsaxurebis SemoReba. turizmi TbilisSi mimdinare wlis aprilSi Catarda kavkasiis pirveli saerTaSoriso turistuli bazroba-gamofena. masSi monawileoba miiRes 12 qveynis maT Soris saqarTvelos, somxeTis, rumineTis, didi britaneTis, aSS-s, avstriis firmebma. turoperatorebis garda, momxmareblebs TavianT momsaxureobas sTavazobdnen sastumroebi, avia-kompaniebi, sadazRvevo kompaniebi, satransporto, sareklamo da sxva dainteresebuli organizaciebi. Tumca, SeiniSneboda msxvili ucxouri tur-operatorebis nakleboba, rac SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom gamofenis Catarebis vada daemTxva analogiur gamofenas kievSi. miuxedavad amisa, kavkasiis pirvelma turistulma bazrobam savsebiT gaamarTla. investiciebi kerZo investiciebi da ucxouri kreditebi saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis informaciiT ucxouri investiciebis moculobam 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi Seadgina 91 milioni lari. yvelaze msxvili investiciebi ganxorcielda aSS-s, didi britaneTis, ruseTis, norvegiisa da azerbaijanis firmebis mier. ucxouri investiciebis dabandebis ZiriTad sferoebs warmoadgens: saxmeleTo transporti da navTobsadenebi (83 milioni lari), kvebis mrewveloba (2.2 milioni lari), sastumroebi (3,6 milioni lari). ufro mcire moculobis investiciebi ganxorcielda mompovebel, gadamamuSavebel da 24 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi kavSirgabmulobis sferoebSi. baqo-sufsis navTobsadenis mSeneblobis damTavrebam saangariSo periodSi 50,9 procentiT Seamcira investiciebi ZiriTad kapitalSi SarSandelTan SedarebiT. sazRvargareTis qveynebi da sainvesticio fondebi mzad arian daexmaron saqarTvelos misi hidro resursebis efeqtur gamoyenebasa da arsebuli hidro-eleqtrosadgurebis reabilitaciaSi. ukve miRweul iqna mTeli rigi SeTanxmebebi sxvadasxva institutebTan Semdegi proeqtebis dafinansebaze: • iaponiis sazRvargareTis qveynebTan TanamSromlobis fondma gamoyo krediti 45 milioni aSS dolaris eqvivalenturi Tanxis odenobiT lajanuris da xrami-2-is hidroeleqtrosadgurebis reabilitaciaze. • germaniis rekonstruqciis sakredito institutis mier gamoyofilia krediti 63,5 milioni germanuli markis odenobiT varcixe hesis reabilitaciaze. • SemuSavebulia enguris hidroeleqtrosadguris reabilitaciis proeqtic, romlis Rirebuleba 62 milion dolars Seadgens. saWiro Tanxis ZiriTad moculobas gaiRebs evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki (krediti 38,7 milioni aSS dolaris moculobiT) da evrogaerTianeba (granti 10 milioni evros odenobiT), danarCeni (14 milioni dolari) iqneba saqarTvelos wili. saqarTvelos saTbob-energetikis saministro aqtiurad ganixilavs ucxour investorebTan erTad axali hidroeleqtrosadgurebis (namaxvanis, faravnis, xudonis, tviSis da sxva.) mSeneblobis sakiTxs, Tumca am proeqtebis realizacia momavlis saqmea. saxelmwifo investiciebi mimdinare wlis eqvs TveSi saxelmwifo kapitaldabandebebma Seadgina 19,9 milioni lari, saidanac saxelmwifo biujetze modis mxolod 4 milioni lari. saxelmwifo kapitaluri dabandebebis didi nawili ganxorcielda xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis mier (15,8 milioni lari). aqedan, Tbilisisa da aWaris adgilobrivi biujetebis xarjze modis Sesabamisad 8,8 milioni da 5,3 milioni laris kapitaldabandebebi. wlis pirvel naxevarSi 3,4 milioni lari iqna gamoyofili rusTavelis gamzirisa da mimdebare teritoriebis rekonstruqciaze da 2 milioni lari Tbilisis metropolitenis saburTalos xazze mSeneblobis dasamTavreblad. amave saangariSo periodSi saavtomobilo gzebis saxelmwifo departamentma ganaxorciela 16,9 milioni laris samuSaoebi arsebuli saavtomobilo gzebisa da xidebis mSeneblobasa da SekeTebaze. mwyobrSi Sevida kaspis raionSi, aRaianis monakveTze, 8,5 kilometris sigrZis axali saavtomobilo gza da SekeTda TbilisSi Semosasvleli gzebic. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 25 Tavi mesame. saxelmwifo finansebi 1999 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Tanaxmad, wlis pirvel naxevarSi Semosavlebi 356,9 milioni lari unda yofiliyo, rac mosalodneli wliuri Semosavlebis 38,7 procents Seadgens, xolo xarjebi ki ganisazRvra 475,2 milioni laris odenobiT, rac wliuri maCveneblis 38,5 procentia. Sesabamisad, deficiti 118,2 milion lars Seadgenda. realurad miRebul iqna (ucxouri grantebis CaTvliT) 321,4 milioni laris Semosavlebi _ dagegmilze 35 milioni lariT naklebi. ar iqna miRebuli yvela mosalodneli sagareo dafinanseba da realuri xarjebi Semcirda 408,2 milion laramde, rac dagegmilis 86,8 procentia. gadasaxadebis mokreba gaumjobesda, rac gamoixata rogorc absoluturi da procentuli maCveneblebis zrdaSi, aseve Sesrulebis gegmasTan siaxloveSi. es ukanaskneli ufro realistur dagegmvas SeiZleba mivaweroT. SemoRebul iqna sagadasaxado inspeqtorebis da sabaJos TanamSromlebis waxalisebis meqanizmebi, ramac momavalSi unda gazardos sagadasaxado Semosavlebi. sabaJo samsaxurSi mniSvnelovani reformebi mimdinareobs. ivlisidan sabaJos marTvaSi monawileobas iRebs inglisuri kompania ITS-i. sabolood gauqmda sagadasaxado CaTvlebi saxelmwifosa da sawarmoebs Soris, ramac realuri azri unda SesZinos biujetis sekvestris meqanizms. Tumca, es mxolod 1999 wlis 20 ivliss moxda da Sesabamisad gansaxilvel periodSi daculi muxlebis dafinanseba CamorCeboda saSualo 87-procentian dones. sagareo valis momsaxurebis simZime meore mizezia gadaudebeli socialuri saWiroebebis ugulebelyofisaTvis. garda amisa, sagadasaxado CaTvlebis gauqmeba qmnis imis saSiSroebas, rom saxazino angariSebidan didi raodenobis Tanxebi moixsneba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT. saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi 1999 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Tavdapirveli Semosavlebis gegma wlis pirveli da meore naxevrisTvis daaxloebiT erTnair Semosavlebs iTvaliswinebda. 1998 wlis bolos dawyebuli krizisi, kerZod ki importis mkveTri Semcireba 1999 wlis pirveli naxevris Semosavlebis gegmis gadasinjvis mizezad iqca. Semosavlebis gegma Semcirda da ganisazRvra 356,9 milioni laris odenobiT, rac wliuri gegmis 39 procentia. dazustebuli sagadasaxado Semosavlebis gegma ganisazRvra 203,8 milioni lariT, rac wliuri gegmis 36 procents Seadgens. mTliani Semosavlebis gegmis Sesrulebas 35 milioni lari (10 procenti) daaklda. adgilobrivi Semosavlebi odnav ukeT – 93 procentiT iqna Sesrulebuli. 26 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 saxelmwifo finansebi cxrili 3.1 saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi. ivnisi 1998 – ivnisi 1999. milioni lari 100 80 60 56,5 44,0 48,0 48,4 43,2 40 31,8 47,5 47,2 60,2 59,5 56,3 28,5 18,8 20 0 VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Semosavlebi I II III IV V VI mimarTuleba wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti wina periodebisagan gansxvavebiT gadasaxadebis mokreba 1999 wels mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda. sagadasaxado Semosavlebis gegma 98 procentiT Sesrulda. mniSvnelovnad gaizarda gadasaxadebis wili adgilobriv SemosavlebSi – 1998 wlis pirveli naxevris 52,8 procentidan 66,5 procentamde gansaxilvel periodSi. sagadasaxado inspeqciam dagegmilze meti Tanxis amoReba SeZlo. biujetiT gansazRvruli 96,8 milioni laris1 (wliuri gegmis 44 procenti) nacvlad Segrovda 99,6 milioni lari. es daaxloebiT 30 procentiT metia wina wlis maCvenebelze, rac, miuxedavad 20-procentiani inflaciisa, periodebs Soris mniSvnelovani miRwevaa. sagadasaxado inspeqciis mier gadasaxadebis Segroveba gansakuTrebiT nayofieri iyo meore kvartalSi, roca 55,5 milioni lari Segrovda (rac 26-procentiani zrdaa wina kvartalTan SedarebiT). aRsaniSnavia, rom aseTi miRweva SesaZlebeli gaxda saSemosavlo gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebis moulodneli gazrdis gamo, maSin roca dRg-dan da adgilobrivi aqcizidan miRebuli Semosavlebi CamorCeboda gegmas, Tumca ki umniSvnelod _ Sesabamisad 2,7 da 3,3 procentiT. adgilobriv produqciaze aqcizis Segroveba mkveTrad gaumjobesda; Segrovda 5,8 milioni lari 1998 wlis pirveli naxevris 1,6 milion larTan SedarebiT; dRg-s Segroveba ki 29 procentiT gaumjobesda. mogebis gadasaxadis xaziT miRebul iqna 8,8 milioni lari rac 0,1 milioni lariT CamorCeboda gegmas. kidev erTxel gvinda xazi gavusvaT imas, rom am ricxvebis ganxilvisas mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT daaxloebiT 20-procentiani wliuri inflacia 1999 wlis ivnisis bolosTvis. magaliTad, mogebis gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebi realur gamosaxulebaSi mniSvnelovnad daeca. specialur saxelmwifo fondebSi Casaricxi gadasaxadebis mokreba aseve sagadasaxado inspeqciis movaleobaa. aq danaklisi ufro mniSvnelovania vidre pirdapir sagadasaxado samsaxurisTvis gadasaxdel gadasaxadebSi. socialuri gadasaxadi, biujetiT gansazRvrulTan SedarebiT, mxolod 88 procentiT Segrovda. am gadasaxadis realuri mokreba 11 milioni lariT gauaresda 1998 wlis pirvel naxevarTan SedarebiT. savaldebulo samedicino dazRvevis xaziT 8 milioni lari iqna 1 Tu sxvagvarad ar aris miTiTebuli, am TavSi mocemuli yvela monacemi exeba 1999 wlis pirvel naxevars. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 27 saxelmwifo Semosavlebi da xarjebi miRebuli, rac gegmis ori mesamedia. es Semosavlebi ar Sedis biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis TavSi, magram, sabiujeto kanonis Tanaxmad, yvela danaklisi am kategoriebSi wlis bolos unda daifaros centraluri biujetidan transfertebiT. gadasaxadebis gadauxdeloba kvlav mniSvnelovan problemebs uqmnis saqarTvelos finansur struqturebs. wlis dasawyisidan ivnisis bolomde sagadasaxado davalianebebi (jarimebis da sauravebis CaTvliT) 309 milioni laridan 348 milion laramde gaizarda. aRsaniSnavia, rom kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgas sawarmoebis mimarT gamoyenebuli zogierTi sajarimo sanqciis marTebuloba. detalurad amis Sesaxeb ixileT qvemoT sagadasaxado CaTvlebis ganxilvasTan erTad. ivnisis bolosTvis cvlilebebi Sevida fiskalur kanonmdeblobaSi. yvelaze mniSvnelovania sagadasaxado inspeqtorebis anazRaurebis da waxalisebis sistemis gaumjobeseba. msgavsi cvlilebebi moxda sabaJo samsaxurSic. saxelmwifo sabaJo departamentis muSaobac aseve kargi iyo, magram imdenad ara ramdenadac sagadasaxado inspeqciis muSaoba. Segrovda 99,9 milioni lari2 nacvlad mosalodneli 107 milioni larisa. gansakuTrebiT cudi iyo sabaJo gadasaxadis Segroveba, rac 10 milioni lariT CamorCeboda 21,5 milioni laris gegmas. Segrovda 40,9 milioni laris dRg, rac gegmaze 4,6 milioni lariT naklebia. 1999 wlis meore kvartali marTlac gansakuTrebuli iyo _ mTlianobaSi Segrovda 67 milion larze meti, rac orjer metia pirveli kvartlis maCvenebelze. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi sabaJodan miRebuli Semosavlebis 29 procenti navTobproduqtebidan miRebul gadasaxadebze modis. sabaJo departamenti amtkicebs, rom navTobproduqtebis kontrabanda izrdeba. oficialurad aRricxuli navTobproduqtebis importi wlis ganmavlobaSi 50 milioni lariT Semcirda, amave dros, ar SeiniSneba kleba navTobproduqtebis moxmarebaSi an mniSvnelovani zrda adgilobriv warmoebaSi. saaqcizo markebis SemoRebam didi gavlena moaxdina sabaJos Semosavlebze. importirebuli Tambaqodan Segrovda 35 milioni laris aqcizi, 1998 wlis pirvel naxevarSi Segrovebul 17 milion larTan SedarebiT. Tu gagrZelda saTanado kontroli sabaJos muSaobaze wliuri Sedegebi ar unda iyos sagadasaxado inspeqciis Sedegebze uaresi. miuxedavad amisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom, saqarTvelos sagareo vaWrobis sezonurobis gamo, biujetis kanonis Tanaxmad, 1999 wlis pirveli naxevris gegma wliuri maCveneblis erT mesamedze naklebia. Sesabamisad, dRg-s da aqcizis xaziT miRebuli Semosavlebi, iseve rogorc sabaJo gadasaxadis mokreba, kidev ufro unda gaizardos momdevno TveebSi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondTan SeTanxmebiT mesame kvartlis bolos gegma gadaisinjeba Semcirebisken. unda aRiniSnos, rom sabaJos monacemebi mokrebili gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb da erovnuli bankis monacemebi sabaJodan miRebuli Semosavlebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba. amis erT-erTi mizezi is aris rom, wina wlebSi zogierTi gadasaxadis gadaxda moxda SecdomiT da am Tanxis nawili daubrunda sxvadasxva ekonomikur agents. gansxvavebis meore wyaro is aris, rom zogierTi periferiuli sabaJos Semosavlebs adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis organoebi itoveben, kanoniT ki es Semosavlebi centralur biujetSi unda Cairicxos. amis gaTvaliswinebiT sabaJo 2 saxelmwifo sagzao fondSi da invalidTa problemebiT dakavebuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebis sabWosTvis gadaricxuli Tanxis gareSe. 28 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 saxelmwifo finansebi departamentma 116,9 milioni lari Seagrova, rac 9,9 milioni lariT metia dagegmilze da 36,2 procentiT metia 1998 wlis pirveli naxevris maCvenebelze. saxelmwifo sabaJo departamentSi mimdinareobs mniSvnelovani instituciuri reforma. damTavrda mTavrobis mier gamocxadebuli tenderi sabaJos TanamarTvasTan dakavSirebiT. ivlisidan britanuli kompania ganaxorcielebs saqarTvelos eqsportis da importis gadazidvamde inspeqtirebas da monawileobas miiRebs sabaJos marTvaSi. 5000 aSS dolarze meti Rirebulebis gadazidvebis kontroli Seexeba ucxoel partniors. aseTi TanamSromlobis Sedegad dagegmilia sabaJos Semosavlebis 50 procentiT gazrda mimdinare wels da 20 procentiT ori momdevno wlis ganmavlobaSi. ukve Tavi iCina garkveulma gauTvaliswinebelma problemam: uCveulod gaizarda 5000 aSS dolaramde Rirebulebis gadazidvebis ricxvi. saxelmwifo specialuri fondebis mTliani Semosavlebis gegma 80,4 milion lars Seadgenda da mis Sesrulebas 11,3 procenti daaklda. danaklisi gamowveulia socuzrunvelyofis da sagzao fondebis Semosavlebis gegmis SeusruleblobiT. socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondma 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 55 milioni lari miiRo, rac gegmis mxolod 88,5 procentia. Semosavlebi wina wlis maCvenebelsac ki CamorCeba roca 66 milioni lari Segrovda. fondis mimarT davalianebam 65,4 milion lars miaRwia. dasaqmebis fondma gegmas 4 procentiT gadaaWarba da 1,7 milioni lari miiRo. sagzao fondma 14,7 milioni laris miReba SesZlo dagegmili 16,7 milioni laris nacvlad. arasagadasaxado Semosavlebis xaziT Segrovda 23,8 milioni lari, rac dagegmilis 80,4 procentia. danaklisi gamoiwvia saxelmwifos mier sxvadasxva sawarmoebze gacemuli kreditebis ardabrunebam. nacvlad 7,5 milioni larisa, mxolod 0,8 milioni lari dabrunda. kapitalurma Semosavlebma 4,5 milioni lari Seadgina. dagegmili iyo 8,9 milioni laris miReba. rogorc sem-is wina gamoSvebebSi aRvniSneT, saprivatizacio auqcionebis da tenderebis arawinaswarmetyvelebadi Sedegebis gamo, Znelia kapitaluri Semosavlebis winaswar gansazRvra. saxelmwifo sakuTrebis marTvis saministros Tanaxmad privatizaciidan ZiriTadi Semosavlebis miReba mosalodnelia wlis bolos. mosalodneli 21,4 milioni. 34,1 milioni sagareo grantebidan miRebul iqna mxolod aRsaniSnavia, rom 42,5 milioni lari miRebul iqna rogorc sagadasaxado CaTvla sxvadasxva sawarmos mimarT saxelmwifos davalianebis sanacvlod. es sakiTxi detalurad ganxilulia qvemoT saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebis qveTavis bolos. saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 29 saxelmwifo Semosavlebi da xarjebi saxelmwifo Semosavlebis 35 milioni laris danaklisma da mosalodnelze naklebma ucxourma daxmarebam mniSvnelovani problemebi Seuqmna biujetis xarjviT nawils. wina wlebidan gadmosuli sabiujeto davalianeba aseve mZime dawola iyo 1999 wlis biujetisTvis. xarjebma saSualod biujetis 86,8 procenti Seadgina. zogierTi daculi muxli kidev erTxel saSualoze dabal doneze dafinansda. amis erT-erTi mizezi is iyo, rom 1999 wels isev gamoiyeneboda sagadasaxado CaTvlebis praqtika. meore mizezi iyo sagareo valis momsaxurebis valdebuleba, ramac mTliani xarjebis 21,4 procenti Seadgina. gauTvaliswinebelma xarjebma aseve iTamaSa garkveuli roli xarjebis prioritetebis daucvelobaSi. magaliTad, damatebiTi 1,7 milioni laris xarjis gareSe saaqcizo markebis dabeWdvisTvis saxelmwifo mniSvnelovan zarals naxavda saaqcizo SemosavlebSi. gauTvaliswinebelma xarjebma mTlianad 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 14 milioni lari Seadgina. zogierTi sagareo dafinanseba, SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, winaswar gansazRvruli miznebisTvis ixarjeba. magaliTad, 6 milioni lari evrogaerTianebis grantidan daixarja soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaze. garda amisa, sainteresoa,. rom 4 milioni lari saxazino angariSebidan moixsna sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT da gadaeca sawarmoebs, romlebmac uCivles sabiujeto organizaciebs miwodebuli saqonlis da/an momsaxurebis safasuris gadauxdelobisaTvis. Tu ar Seicvleba kanonmdebloba da saxazino angariSebi xeluxlebeli ar gaxdeba, rasac moiTxovs finansTa saministro, momdevno TveebSi ufro meti aseTi gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi aris mosalodneli. meore mniSvnelovani problema, romelic aferxebs xarjebis marTvas aris Semosavlebis gauwonasworebeli miReba. Cveulebriv, Tvis ganmavlobaSi Semosuli Tanxis ori mesamedi Tvis bolo or samuSao dRes Semodis. aseTi Seferxebebis Sedegad, biujetis daculi muxlebis mimarT davalianeba kvlav gaizarda: 16,6 milioni lariT xelfasebze; 14 milioni lariT pensiebze; 6,7 milioni lariT jandacvis programebze; 3,6 milioni lariT kvebis produqtebis SeZenaze. sekvestris meqanizmis Sedegad 1999 wlis meore naxevarSi gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli xarjebis moculoba Semcirda 16 milioni lariT. marTalia es wliuri xarjebis mxolod 1,3 procentia, magram zogierT daucvel muxls 12-16 procenti CamoeWra. centraluri biujetis xarjebi ekonomikuri klasifikaciiT moyvanilia qvemoT. mTlianma xarjebma 336,8 milioni lari Seadgina. xelfasebi (34,3 milioni lari) biujetiT gansazRvruli Tanxis 68 procentiT dafinansda; subsidiebi da transfertebi (94.6 milioni lari) dafinansda 83 procentiT; samxedroebisTvis da policiisTvis sakvebi produqtebis SeZena (12.6 milioni lari) 75 procentiT Sesrulda; socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondSi anaricxebi (saxelmwifosgan rogorc damqiraveblisgan) (5,5 milioni lari) dafinansda 59 procentiT. sagareo da saSinao valis momsaxurebaze (73 milioni lari) dagegmilis 90 procenti daixarja.; mivlinebebze gamoyofili Tanxis 87 procenti (5,8 milioni lari) daixarja; 28,7 milioni lari daixarja sxva xarjebis muxlidan, sadac Sedis saqarTvelos diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobebis Senaxva (9 milioni lari da evrogaerTianebis kreditis momsaxureba 5,6 milioni lari). rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, evrogaerTianebis grantidan 6 milioni lari daixarja soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaze. mTavrobis mTlianma xarjebma ofisis Senaxvaze, transportze da komunalur momsaxurebaze 17 milioni lari Seadgina. am Tanxis udidesi nawili momsaxurebis momwodeblebs 30 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 saxelmwifo finansebi gadauxades sagadasaxado CaTvlis meqanizmiT. 2,9 milioni lari (gegmis 88 procenti daixarja samxedroebis da policiisTvis avejisa da formis SeZenaze. centraluri biujetis xarjebi organizaciebis mixedviT moyvanilia qvemoT: saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis aparatis (parlamenti, kontrolis palata, saxelmwifo kancelaria, mxareebSi prezidentis rwmunebulis aparatebi, diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobebi, sabaJo da sagadasaxado samsaxurebi, saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofis samsaxuri) dafinansebaze gamoiyo 31,1 milioni lari, rac dagegmilze 7,7 milioni lariT naklebia. Tavdacvis, da samarTaldacvis organoebma da specsamsaxurebma miiRes 61,5 milioni lari dagegmili 84 milioni laris nacvlad. am erTeulebis dafinanseba, ufro swored maT mier xarjebis limitis Taviseburi gageba mniSvnelovan problemebs uqmnis finansTa saministros. magaliTad Tavdacvis saministrom avejisa da formebis SeZenaze gansazRvruli limitis 130 procenti da avtomanqanebis Senaxvaze gamoyofili limitis 121 procenti daxarja. amave dros, samxedro mosamsaxureebisTvis pensiebi Tveebis ganmavlobaSi ar gadauxdiaT. sabolood, finansTa saministrom gadawyvita es pensiebi pirdapir saxazino angariSidan gadaixados. invalidebis saqmeTa departamentma 2,7 milioni lari miiRo 2,4 milioni laris nacvlad. 26,9 milioni lari (gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulis 93,4 procenti) gadairicxa ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministroSi. socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondma 72,8 milioni lari daxarja, rac 10,3 milioni lariT naklebia dagegmilze. jandacvis sxvadasxva programebi 7,8 milioni lariT dafinansda, rac mniSvnelovnad naklebia 14,3 milioni laris gegmaze. ganaTlebis xarjebi aseve mniSvnelovnad CamoiWra – 10,3 milioni laris nacvlad, mxolod 4,9 milioni lari iqna daxarjuli. dasaqmebis fondma 1,5 milioni lari daxarja, nacvlad dagegmili 1,65 milioni larisa. samecniero organizaciebma 5,5 milioni lari miiRes, nacvlad Sepirebuli 8,2 milioni larisa. kulturis saministrom 6 milioni lari miiRo, rac sabiujeto gegmis 85 procentia. soflis meurneobis saministrom 10,4 milioni laris nacvlad 6,6 milioni lari miiRo. es Tanxa ZiriTadad irigaciuli sistemebis SekeTebaze daixarja. Sedegad 17 000 ha miwa daubrunda aqtiur sasoflo sameurneo gamoyenebas. garemos dacvis saministrom 0,95 milioni lari miiRo, rac gegmis 72,3 procentia. miwis marTvis saxelmwifo departamentma mTlianad miiRo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli 3,6 milioni lari. Tanxa daifara evrogaerTianebis grantidan. satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo departamentma 0,9 milioni lari miiRo biujetiT gaTvaliswinebuli 1,7 milioni laris nacvlad. saTbob-energetikis saministro 165 procentiT dafinansda. man biujetiT gansazRvruli 4 milioni laris nacvlad 6,7 milioni lari miiRo. damatebiTi dafinanseba saWiro gaxda eleqtroenergiis safasuris gadaxdisTvis, romelic aRar aris saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi. saxelmwifo sagzao fondma Caatara 16 milioni laris gzis saremonto samuSaoebi nacvlad biujetiT gaTvaliswinebuli 17 milioni larisa. sxva saministroebi da departamentebi, romelTa mTliani biujeti 1,8 milion lars Seadgenda, 70 procentiT dafinansda. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 31 saxelmwifo Semosavlebi da xarjebi sagadasaxado CaTvlebi, rac niSnavs sawarmos mier gadasaxdeli gadasaxadis gabaTilebas am sawarmos mimarT, saxelmwifo davalianebis sanacvlod, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs. es sakiTxi mwvave diskusiebis sagani gaxda dainteresebul wreebSi. sagadasaxado CaTvlebi Cveulebriv xorcieldeba biujetis im muxlebSi, romlebic ar iTvleba xarjebis prioritetul kategoriad. Sedegad viRebT aseT paradoqss, rom biujetis Semosavlebis nawilis 90 procentiT Sesrulebis pirobebSi biujetis daculi muxlebi mxolod 75 procentiT finansdeba. sagadasaxado CaTvlebis saxiT 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi miRebul iqna 42,5 milioni lari. es imas niSnavs, rom periodis ganmavlobaSi biujetSi Semosuli naRdi fuli gegmiT gansazRvrulis 74 procentia. es naTels xdis Tu ratom dafinansda xelfasebi zogierT sxva kategoriaze naklebad. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis moTxovniT, martidan sagadasaxado CaTvlebi mxolod specialuri saxelmwifo komisiis nebarTviT xorcieldeba, xolo ivlisidan saerTod gauqmda. Sedegad Cndeba mniSvnelovani sakanonmdeblo da moraluri problema. saxelmwifos mravali organizaciis vali aqvs mowodebuli saqonlis an momsaxurebis sanacvlod. es organizaciebi ara marto gadasaxadebs ver ixdian, aramed verc xelfasebs ver uxdian Tavis TanamSromlebs. miuxedavad amisa arsebuli sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobiT Tu ar moxdeba CaTvla es organizaciebi unda dajarimdnen gadasaxadebis gadauxdelobisTvis. meores mxriv, imeddakargulma sawarmoebma SesaZloa sarCeli Seitanon da sasamarTlos ZaliT gadaaxdevinon saxelmwifos vali. amis precedentebi ukve arsebobs. sagadasaxado samsaxuri da finansTa saministro erToblivad muSaoben am problemis gadawyvetaze. biujetis deficiti 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi saxelmwifo biujetis deficiti 118,2 milioni lari iyo. deficitis dafarva dagegmili iyo Semdegi wyaroebidan: 15,5 milioni lari erovnuli bankis krediti, 15 milioni lari msoflio bankis investiciuri proeqtebis dasafinanseblad misaRebi kreditebi, 8,9 milioni lari wina wlis sabiujeto naSTi da 78,8 milioni lari msoflio bankis SAC-3 krediti. msoflio bankis sainvesticio proeqtebis dafinansebisaTvis realurad miRebul iqna 30,7 milioni lari; 15,5 milioni laris krediti gasca erovnulma bankma. SAC-3 krediti ar iqna miRebuli ivnisis bolosTvis. sanacvlod, erovnulma bankma gasca 37,2 milioni laris damatebiTi krediti, romelic SAC-3-is miRebisTanave unda dabrundes. aseve gamoyenebul iqna 3,5 milioni lari sabiujeto naSTi. mTlianobaSi deficitis dafinansebam 86,8 milioni lari Seadgina, rac 31,4 milioni lariT naklebia dagegmilze. es danaklisi, Semosavlebis 35,5 milioni laris danaklisTan erTad, 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi xarjebis gawevaSi Seqmnili siZneleebis mizezi gaxda. 32 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 saxelmwifo finansebi cxrili 3.2: saxelmwifo biujetis deficiti. ivnisi 1998 - ivnisi 1999 saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis dafinansebis wyaroebi 40 30 29,5 27,6 19,8 20,2 20 21,0 17,4 14,0 9,3 10 7,5 3,0 2,3 2,1 1,8 1,7 1,7 0,0 6,9 5,0 3,0 1,6 0,0 2,0 0 0,9 1,0 -2,0 -3,0 -3,4 1,5 0,0 -6,6 -10 -8,4 -12,3 -20 -29,5 -18,3 -19,8 -21,5 -22,3 -30 -21,9 -31,8 -40 VI VII VIII deficiti IX X XI XII* adgilobrivi kreditiT dafinanseba I II* III* IV V VI ucxouri kreditiT dafinanseba wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 33 Tavi meoTxe. fuli da finansebi 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, mkacri monetaruli da savaluto politikis Sedegad, lari gamyarda da saSualo nominalurma kursma ivnisSi 1,9854 lari/aSS dolars miaRwia. amave dros, 1999 wlis meore kvartalSi seb-is saerTaSoriso rezervebi 3 milioni aSS dolariT gaizarda. maisSi da ivnisSi, sezonuri deflaciis Sedegad, samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi Sesabamisad 1,6 da 1,4 procentiT Semcirda. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi M2 farTo fulis maCvenebeli 3 milioni lariT Semcirda maSin, rodesac M3 44 milioni lariT gaizarda, xolo M2 fulis multiplikatori 1-ze naklebi iyo. ama wlis ivnisSi depozitebis dolarizaciis koeficientma 77 procents miaRwia. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi sakredito auqcionebis saerTo brunvam mxolod 9,7 milioni lari Seadgina, maSin, rodesac 1998 wlis igive periodis maCvenebeli 26,4 milion lars Seadgenda. Sida inflacia 1999 wlis meore kvartalSi, axali fulis mimoqcevaSi gaSvebis mkacri kontrolis pirobebSi, samomxmareblo fasebis cvlileba ZiriTadad sezonuri faqtoriT ganisazRvreboda. Tambaqos nawarmze saaqcizo markebis SemoReba da masTan dakavSirebulma sigaretis gaZvirebam aseve imoqmeda fasebis saerTo doneze. aprilSi samomxmareblo fasebi 1,3 procentiT gaizarda, ZiriTadad sigaretis (+15.8 %) da xil-bostneulis (+13 %) gaZvirebis gamo. maisSi da ivnisSi moxda sezonuri fasebis kleba. sfi Sesabamisad 1,6 da 1,4 procentiT Semcirda, xil-bostneulis sezonuri gaiafebis gamo. cxrili 4.1: sfi da inflacia. 1997 w. dekemberi = 100 periodi fasebis indeqsi inflaciis done (%) ( I ) wina periodTan SedarebiT ( II ) wina wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT wliuri 1997 7,3 1998 10,7 Tviuri 1999 ian 113,54 2,6 13,24 Teb 118,54 5,0 17,14 mar 120,44 1,9 19,00 apr 121,74 1,3 19,40 mai 120,14 -1,6 19,50 ivn 118,74 -1,4 20,00 wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT. 34 saqarTvelos eko ekonomikis nomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 fuli da finansebi gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebSi stabilizaciis (gansakuTrebiT mkacr fulad sakredito) politikas bevri momxre hyavs, da ramdenime aseT qveyanaSi is warmatebiT xorcieldeba. xSirad mkacr fulad sakredito politikas samomxmareblo fasebis vardnasTan – deflaciasTan _ akavSireben. magram, sakiTxavia Tu ramdenad safuZvliania aseTi pozicia? Tu davuSvebT, rom ekonomikis struqturuli cvlilebebisaTvis aucilebelia fasebis garkveuli moqniloba, maSin deflacia SeiZleba davakavSiroT ekonomikur stagnaciasTan da zogjer ki ekonomikis vardnasTan. zogierTi ekonomistis azriT fasebis garkveuli moqniloba moiTxovs inflaciis arsebobas. zemoTaRniSnulidan gamomdinare da CanarTSi 4.1 moyvanili ramdenime magaliTis Sesabamisad, dabali inflacia yovelTvis Tan ar erTvis qveynis ekonomikur zrdas. CanarTi 4.1 inflaciis zemoqmedeba zemoqmedeba ekonomikur zrdaze ssf-s eqspertebi q. qoTTareli da p. doili Tavis statiaSi - “morjulebuli” inflacia gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebSi – aRniSnaven, rom gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebSi garkveul zRvarze ufro dabali inflacia dakavSirebuli iyo produqciis warmoebis danakargebTan. arsebuli monacemebis Tanaxmad es garkveuli zRvari (treshold) 10-sa da 13 procents Soris mdebareobs. rac ufro dabalia am zRvarTan SedarebiT inflacia, miT ufro didia masTan dakavSirebuli warmoebis danakargebi. qoTTareli – doilis azrs nawilobriv amtkicebs qvemoT moyvanili cxrili. magaliTad, litvaSi, sadac mSp-s zrdis maCvenebeli 1996-1998 w.w_Si erT-erTi saukeTeso iyo da Seadgenda 6 procents, saSualo inflacia 12,9 procents Seadgenda. poloneTSi da ungreTSi mSp-s zrda 3,4 procents Seadgenda, xolo inflaciis maCvenebeli 15 procentze meti iyo. rumineTis da bulgareTis magaliTi aCvenebs, rom zRvarze dabali inflaciis SemTxvevaSi warmoebis garkveuli vardna aRiniSneba. 1996-1998 mSp sfi CexeTi ungreTi poloneTi slovakeTi slovenia estoneTi latvia litva bulgareTi xorvatia rumineTi makedonia 9,3 0,6 18,7 3,5 15,5 4,1 6,3 5,6 8,7 3,9 14,9 6,0 10,3 5,0 12,9 5,6 76,0 -4,5 4,4 5,1 84,3 -3,4 2,9 1,6 wyaro: gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisia poloneTis magaliTi aseve aCvenebs, rom 1992-1995 wlebSi am qveynis mSp 4,7 procentiT gaizarda, maSin, rodesac inflacia 35,9 procents Seadgenda. es Sedegi saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 35 fuli da finansebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba m. brunos da v. isterlis, iseve, rogorc j. Templis azrs (ix. wyaro), romlis mixedviT kritikuli zRvari 40 procentis farglebSi mdebareobs. dabali inflaciis da deflaciis Sedegebi aseve naTlad Cans sawarmoo danakargebis, umuSevrobis, Semosavlis da socialuri keTildReobis ganawilebis magaliTebze. 10-15 procentze maRali inflaciis pirobebSi dasaSvebia fasebis moqniloba, romelic SeiZleba struqturuli cvlilebebis winapiroba iyos. zog SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saWiroa fasebis garkveuli moqniloba da savaluto politikis SesabamisobaSi moyvana fulad sakredito politikasTan, optimaluri inflaciis donis dayvana 10-15 procentian donemde Zalze SemzRudveli SeiZleba iyos. meores mxriv, inflaciis maRali done da gaufasurebuli adgilobrivi valuta SeiZleba mosaxleobis inflaciis molodini Secvalos da gamoiwvios erovnuli valutisadmi undobloba da ekonomikis dolarizacia. es movlenebi, Tavis mxriv, uaryofiTad moqmedeben ekonomikis realur seqtorze, kerZod mSp-ze da investiciebze. wyaro: q. qoTTareli da p. doili (1999 w.) “morjulebuli” inflacia gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebSi”, finansebi da ganviTareba, tomi 36, N2. m. bruno da v. isterli (1998 w.) “inflaciuri krizisi da grZelvadiani zrda”, monetaruli ekonomikis Jurnali 41(1), gv. 3-26. j. Templi (1998), “inflacia da zrda: miTi da realoba”, ekonomikis da statistikis instituti, oqsfordis universiteti, 26 noemberi. mTavrobis dafinanseba centraluri bankis mier mTavrobis dafinanseba zrdis fulis masas mimoqcevaSi da inflaciur efeqts axdens. amitom, es sakiTxi mkacri kontrolis qveS aris moqceuli. magram mTavrobis dafinansebas komerciuli bankebis meSveobiT aseve kontroli esaWiroeba, vinaidan amis Sedegad xSirad xdeba realuri saprocento ganakveTis zrda da kerZo seqtoris dakreditebis Semcireba. seb-i agrZelebda mTavrobis dafinansebas ssf-s programuli maCveneblebis farglebSi. 1999 w. bolosaTvis seb-is mier finansTa saministrosTvis gamoSvebuli 12-procentiani sesxis mTliani Tanxa 594 milion lars Seadgenda. am sesxis dafarva moxdeba ucxouri wyaroebidan. am Tanxidan 426 milioni lari sagareo valis da seb-is adrindeli sesxebis procentis dasafarad1 iyo daxarjuli. amdenad, a.w. pirveli naxevris mTlian sakredito emisias ar hqonda inflaciuri gavlena. cxrili 4.2: centraluri xelisuflebis kreditebi da depozitebi 36 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 fuli da finansebi sabanko sistemaSi (aTasi lari) ian Teb mar apr apr mai ivn wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi 527,364 532,142 553,883 566,269 572,542 572,887 seb-is centraluri mTavrobis dakrediteba 547,512 547,512 570,492 578,491 581,951 594,176 centraluri mTavrobis depozitebi 20,149 centraluri mTavrobis depozitebi seb-Si erovnul valutaSi centraluri mTavrobis depozitebi seb-Si ucxour valutaSi centraluri mTavrobis depozitebi komerciul bankebSi 15,370 16,610 12,221 9,408 21,289 15,352 10,297 13,473 11,990 9,258 12,433 4,797 5,073 3,137 232 150 8,856 4,336 4,715 8,387 11,800 11,861 8,864 wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki fulis masa da monetaruli koeficientebi nax. 4.1: fulis masa 350 0 0 0 aTasi lari 30 0 0 0 0 M2 250 0 0 0 M0 200 000 150 0 0 0 d epo z i t eb i u cxo u r val u t aSi 10 0 0 0 0 d epo z i t eb i er o vn u l val u t aSi ban kn o t eb i d a mo n et eb i b an kebi s 50 0 0 0 0 i an 1998 T eb mar apr mai i vn i vl agv seq oqt n oe dek i an 1999 T eb mar apr mai i vn wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi mkacri fulad-sakredito politikis pirobebSi M2 farTo fulis maCvenebeli 3 milioni lariT Semcirda maSin, rodesac M3 44 milioni lariT gaizarda. depozitebi larebSi Semcirda 3 milioni lariT, xolo ucxour valutaSi gaizarda 47 milioniT. mniSvnelovnad Semcirda aseve bankebis gareT arsebuli fulis raodenoba ( 600 aTasi lariT). komerciul bankebSi naRdi fulis raodenoba gaizarda 6 milioni lariT. 1 seb-sa da finansTa saministros ormxrivi xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad 1994 w. biujetis deficitis dasafarad gamoSvebuli krediti restruqturizebuli iyo 6 wliT da misi dafarva 2005 wlis 30 ivniss unda moxdes. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 37 fuli da finansebi cxrili 4.3 monetaruli koeficientebi 1999 ian savaldebulo rezervebi / k/b-ebis sadepozito valdebulebebi % Teb mar apr mai ivn 12,6 13,5 14,6 16,3 16,2 15,8 k/b-ebis sakorespodento angariSebi seb-Si / k/b-ebis sadepozito valdebulebebi % 6,7 4,2 6,2 5,4 7,8 5,2 naRdi fuli k/b-ebSi / k/b-ebis sadepozito valdebulebebi % 6,4 5,1 7,5 6,8 6,3 6,6 k/b-ebis rezervebis saerTo Tanxa / k/b-ebis sadepozito valdebulebebi % 25,7 22,8 28,4 28,5 30,3 27,6 dolarizaciis koeficienti % 73,2 76,7 76,0 75,5 74,7 77,0 fulis multiplikatori ( M2) 1,01 1,00 0,97 0,97 0,96 0,97 fulis multiplikatori ( M3) 1,49 1,59 1,54 1,49 1,49 1,55 wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT. sarezervo fulis koeficienti meryeobda 28 procentis farglebSi 1999 wlis martidan, rac ufro metia vidre es ianvarSi da TebervalSi iyo, magram wina wlebTan SedarebiT ki naklebia (ix. sem-is wina gamocemebi). M2 fulis multiplikatori dabali rCeba. 1999 wlis martidan igi 1-ze naklebi iyo. amave dros, grZeldeba dolarizaciis procesi. depozitebis dolarizaciis koeficientma 77 procents miaRwia 1999 wlis ivnisSi. fiskaluri problemebis pirobebSi da sakurso riskis gamo sabanko aqtivebi dolarebSia gadayvanili. es naTels xdis im faqts, Tu ratom aris dolarebze nominaluri sadepozito ganakveTi yovelTvis ufro maRali vidre larebSi asaxuli M3 fulis depozitebis ganakveTi. depozitebis dolarizaciis Sedegad multiplikatori ufro swrafad izrdeba vidre M2 fulis multiplikatori. TebervalSi M3-ma 1,59-s miaRwia, Semdeg ki odnav Semcirda da ivnisSi igi 1,55-s gautolda. aSS dolari isev rCeba Senaxvis da dagrovebis saukeTeso saSualebad. seb-is monacemebi Tbsb-s gareT garigebebis Sesaxeb aCvenebs, rom fizikuri pirebi ucxouri valutis myidvelebis udides segments warmoadgenen. qvemoT moyvanili monacemebi ar asaxaven im gadamcvleli punqtebis garigebebs, romlebic ar Sedian komerciuli bankebis qselSi, ris gamoc fizikuri pirebis segmenti sinamdvileSi ufro didia. cxrili 4.4 ucxouri valutis gayidva TbsbTbsb-s gareT (aTasi aSS dolari) Sesyiduli valuta ian 99 Teb 99 mar 99 apr 99 mai 99 ivn 99 qarTuli komerciuli bankebis mier 4,026 1,936 7,342 2,867 3,715 ucxouri komerciuli bankebis mier 795 1,432 1,772 1,576 1,545 2,457 2,798 iuridiuli pirebis mier 13,142 19,029 19,880 18,397 25,907 25,198 fizikuri pirebis mier 15,007 21,789 20,671 19,556 21,136 25,700 sul 32,970 44,186 49,665 42,396 52,303 56,153 wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki. es monacemebi Seicavs mxolod komerciuli bankebis sistemaSi Semaval gadamcvlel punqtebs. fuladfulad-sakredito instrumentebi 1998 wlis seqtemberSi sarezervo moTxovnebis 16 procentamde gazrdis Semdeg, komerciuli bankebis arsebuli likvidurobis problema kvlav aqtualuri rCeboda. 38 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 fuli da finansebi komerciul bankebSi naRdi fulis koeficienti igive darCa da seb-is sakorespodento angariSze arsebuli naRdi fulis koeficienti mniSvnelovnad ar Seicvala eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi. finansuri Suamavloba Semcirda 1998 wlis Semodgomis krizisis Semdeg. komerciuli bankebi sakredito auqcionze monawileobdnen mxolod likvidurobis yidva-gayidvis mizniT. 1999 w. pirvel naxevarSi sakredito auqcionebis mTlianma brunvam 9,7 milioni lari Seadgina, sadac 7-dRiani auqcionebis wili mTlian brunvaSi 99 procenti iyo. 1998 wlis pirvel naxevarSi ki mTliani brunva 26,4 milioni lari iyo, sadac 7-dRiani kreditebis wili mxolod 24 procents Seadgenda. 1999 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti iTvaliswinebs fasiani qaRaldebis gamoSvebas, sadac 9,1 milioni lari adgilobrivi dafinansebisTvis aris gaTvaliswinebuli, xolo 800 aTasi lari Sida valis momsaxurebisTvis. SesaZlebelia saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebi isev mimzidveli gaxdes komerciuli bankebisTvis, Tu magaliTad SesaZlebeli gaxdeba maTi ganTavseba savaldebulo rezervebis nawilis magivrad. sesxebis da depozitebis struqtura da saprocento ganakveTebi 1999 wlis meore kvartlis ganmavlobaSi larebSi depozitebis struqtura Seicvala. depozitebi moTxovnamde isev Warbobdnen da maTi wili kvartlis ganmavlobaSi 44 procentidan 53 procentamde gaizarda. samidan eqvs Tvemde depozitebis wili 4-dan 15 procentamde gaizarda. ucxour valutaSi depozitebis wili samidan eqvs Tvemde 33-dan 27 procentamde Semcirda da erT wlamde depozitebis wili 36-dan 26 procentamde iklo. amave dros moklevadiani depozitebis wili 13 procentamde gaizarda. moTxovnamde depozitebis wili mxolod 13 procents Seadgenda. larebSi asaxuli sesxebis struqtura meore kvartlis ganmavlobaSi TiTqmis ar Secvlila. eqvsidan Tormet Tvemde sesxebis wili meore kvartalSi 45 procenti iyo, xolo pirvel kvartalSi 44 procenti. ucxour valutaSi sesxebis struqtura aseve mniSvnelovnad ar Secvlila meore kvartalSi. eqvs Tvemde da erT wlamde sesxebis wili igive darCa (20 da 22 procenti). erT weliwadze meti xangrZlivobis sesxebis wili 25 procents Seadgens. nax. 4.2: saprocento ganakveTebi saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 39 fuli da finansebi 70% vadian i depozitebi erovnul val utaSi kreditebi erovnul val utaSi 60% kreditebi ucxour val utaSi 50% vadian i depozitebi ucxour val utaSi 40% 30% 20% 10% ivn apr Teb dek-98 oqt agv ivn apr Teb dek-97 oqt agv ivn apr Teb dek-95 oqt agv ivn apr Teb dek-95 0% wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT. 1998 wlis seqtembridan dolarSi da larSi saprocento ganakveTebs Soris marJa gaizarda. dolarebSi depozitebis da sesxebis saprocento ganakveTi gaizarda, anu ufro Zviri gaxda. es movlena ori faqtoriT aris ganpirobebuli: larisadmi naklebi ndoba da dolarebis sesxebis udidesi nawilis “ucxouri warmoSoba”. ivnisSi saSualo Sewonili sakredito saprocento ganakveTi larebSi gaizarda da dolaris saprocento ganakveTs gautolda. larebis depozitebis fasi isev dabalia dolarebis depozitebTan SedarebiT. komerciuli bankebis sesxebis 90 procenti gacemulia kerZo seqtoris dasafinanseblad. aqedan, yvelaze didi wili vaWrobis dafinansebaze modis. savaWro sesxebis saSualo wili 1998 wels 76 procents, xolo 1999 wels 68 procents Seadgens. sesxebis danarCeni nawili gacemuli iyo warmoebis, mSeneblobis da soflis meurneobis dasafinanseblad. mSeneblobis da soflis meurneobis wili erTnairia da 1998 –1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi igi 73 procents Seadgenda. igive periodSi savaWro sesxebis wili 73 procenti iyo. sawarmoo kreditebis wili zrdis tendencias aCvenebs da 1998 wlis pirveli kvartalis 10 procentidan 17 procentamde gaizarda 1999 wlis meore kvartalSi. mcire (anu mikro) biznesis dafinanseba Zalze aqtualuria saqarTvelos ekonomikisaTvis. mikro biznesis erT-erTi dabrkoleba sakredito resursebis naklebobaa. umetes ganviTarebad qveynebSi komerciuli bankebis kreditebi mcire biznesisTvis Zalze SezRudulia da xelmiuwvdomelia. eseT qveynebSi dakreditebis ZiriTad wyaros araformaluri seqtori warmoadgens, romelic giravnobis, angariSgebis da teqnologiis dabali doniT xasiaTdeba. 1999 wlis maisSi TbilisSi saqmianoba daiwyo mcire biznesis dafinansebis bankma, romlis sawesdebo kapitali 5 milion lars Seadgenda, sadac 75 procenti germanuli da holandiuri kapitalia, xolo 25 procenti qarTuli komerciuli bankebis kapitali. sesxebis maqsimaluri vada 5 weliwadia, TiTo sesxis maqsimaluri Tanxa - 50 aTasi aSS dolari, wliuri ganakveTi ki - 24-36 procenti. banki samomavlod apirebs filialebis qselis Seqmnas sakredito bazris ganviTarebisaTvis sasoflo raionebSi. valutis gadacvlis kursi 40 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 fuli da finansebi isaf-is programis Sesabamisad, seb-ma gaagrZela Tavisufali sakurso politikis Catareba. seb-ma ar ganaxorciela ucxouri valutis gayidva laris kursis gasamyareblad. 1999 wlis martidan ivnisamde seb-ma iyida 3 milioni aSS dolari saerTaSoriso rezervebis gasazrdelad. 1998 wlis dekemberSi seb-is mier saxelmwifo biujetis dafinansebis Sedegad, ianvris pirvel naxevarSi laris/aSS dolaris nominaluri kursi gaizarda 2,18 lari/aSS dolaramde. ianvarSi kursis dacemam moaxdina aseve gavlena samomxmareblo fasebze. Semdgom laris kursi umniSvnelod gaizarda da 1,96 lari/aSS dolari – 2,11 lari/aSS dolaris farglebSi meryeobda. laris maqsimalur gaufasurebas adgili hqonda TebervalSi, saSualo Tviuri kursi aSS dolarTan mimarTebaSi 2,2763 lars Seadgenda, xolo 22 Tebervals dafiqsirebul iqna piki – 2,4510 lari/aSS dolari. larisa da dolaris nominaluri oficialuri saSualo kursi martSi odnav dabali iyo vidre TebervalSi (2,2627 lari/aSS dolari, 5 marts piki 2,45 lari/aSS dolars Seadgenda), rac kvartlis bolosTvis larze moTxovnis gazrdiT iyo gamowveuli. 1999 wlis meore kvartalSi seb-is mkacri fulad-sakredito politikis meSveobiT bazarze laris naklebobas iwvevda. amave dros, garkveuli progresi miRweul iqna gadasaxadebis mokrebaSi. aman gavlena iqonia laris nominalur kursze, romelic aprilSi 2,1771, maisSi 2,0258 da ivnisSi 1,9854 lari/aSS dolari iyo. lari/aSS dolari nax 4.3 lari/aSS lari/aSS dolaris gadacvlis nominaluri kursi 1999 wlis ianvari – 1999 wlis aprili 2 .8 4 T bsb 2 .6 4 gad amc vl el i pu nqt ebi 2 .4 4 2 .2 4 2 .0 4 1 .8 4 1 .6 4 1 .4 4 4/ 1/9 9 14 / 1/ 99 25 / 1/ 99 3/ 2/ 99 12 /2 /9 9 23 /2 /9 9 5/ 3/ 99 16 /3 /9 9 25 /3 /9 9 5/ 4/ 99 16 /4 /9 9 27 /4 /9 9 6/ 5/ 99 17 /5 /9 9 26 /5 /9 9 4/ 6/ 99 15 /6 /9 9 24 /6 /9 9 1 .2 4 wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki sabazro kursis meryeoba ufro didi iyo vidre oficialuri. 11 maiss da 20 ivniss sabazro kursi 20 procentiT meti iyo vidre oficialuri. 1999 wlis Tebervlidan laris realuri kursi aSS dolarTan gaizarda, rac asaxavda dabal inflacias da laris stabilur nominalur kurss. rubli realurad odnav gaufasurda larTan mimarTebaSi. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 41 fuli da finansebi nax. 4.3: laris gadacvlis realuri kursi 90 80 1994 w. dekemberi = 100 70 60 50 40 30 l ar i /aS S d o l ar i r u b l i /l ar i 20 10 0 i 98 T m a m i i a s o n d i 99 T m a m i wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT. 42 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 Tavi mexuTe. saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi saerTaSoriso vaWroba 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi saqarTvelos savaWro deficiti garkveul wilad Semcirda. es ZiriTadad gamowveuli iyo 1998 wlis ruseTis krizisis gamo importis SemcirebiT da aSS dolarTan da aseve, SedarebiT naklebad, evrosTan SefardebiT laris gaufasurebiT. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT vaWrobis orientacias, 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi ruseTi kvlav saqarTvelos udides partniorad rCeba, amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan SedarebiT, romelic qveynis meore savaWro partniors warmoadgenda 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi. rusuli rublis Sesustebis gamo saqarTvelos eqsporti ruseTSi Semcirda, romlis kompensaciac dasavleTsa da sxva regionebSi meti moculobis eqsportis xarjze ganxorcielda. mso-Si gawevrianebis procesi warmatebiT dasrulda egreTwodebuli “gawevrianebis protokolis” xelmoweriT 1999 wlis 6 oqtombers. Sesabamisad, mosalodnelia saqarTvelosTvis sruluflebiani wevris statusis miniWeba, kerZod 30 dRis Semdeg, rac mso-s samdivno informirebuli iqneba erovnuli ratifikaciis proceduris dasrulebis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, evrokavSirisa da saqarTvelos urTierTobebi kidev ufro gaZlierda 1999 wlis 1 ivliss partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis (PCA) xelmoweris Semdeg. dsT-s regionis Semdeg, evrokavSiri saqarTvelos mTavari savaWro partniors warmoadgens. evrokavSiris qveynebi saqarTvelosaTvis pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis mniSvnelovani wyaroa. savaWro balansi 1999 wlis pirveli eqvsi wlis manZilze, registrirebuli eqsporti Seadgenda 93 milion amerikul dolars maSin, rodesac importi Seadgenda 325 milions da Sesabamisad savaWro deficiti ganisazRvra 231 milioni aSS dolariT, rac 1,5-jer naklebia 1998 wlis pirveli naxevris Sesabamis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT saqarTvelos eqsport-importis sezonur cvlilebebs (sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis, eleqtro energiisa da sawvavis importis zrda mesame da meoTxe kvartalSi), 1999 wlis meore naxevarSi savaWro balansi mniSvnelovnad ar unda Seicvalos. cxrili 5.1: savaWro balansi, 1999 wlis I - II kvartali saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 43 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi (milioni aSS dolari ) 1995w. 1995w. 1995w. 1995w. 1996w.1996w. 1996w. 1996w. 1997w. 1997w. 1997w. 1997w. 1998w. 1998w. 1998w. 1998w. 1999w. 1999w Ikv. IIkv IIIkv IVkv. Ikv. II kv IIIkv IVkv. Ikv. IIkv. IIIkv. IVkv. Ikv. IIkv IIIkv. IVkv. Ikv. IIkv. savaWro balansi -99.8 -80.2 -78.1 -166.5 -79.9 -64.2 -70 -99.1 -150 -167 -202 -185 -173 -159 -196 -162 -103 -127 eqsport 43.4 60.3 86.2 99.7 84.8 81.1 87.6 -143.2 -140.5 -164.3 -266.2 -164.7 -145.3 -157.6 import wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti 118.9 -218 38 -188 65 -232 63 -265 73 -258 39 -212 55 -214 48 -244 50 -212 37 -140 56 -183 savaWro tvirTbrunva 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva (araregistrirebuli vaWrobis gamoklebiT) 416,3 milion amerikul dolars Seadgenda, rac mxolod 1998 wlis pirveli naxevris monacemebis 79,3 procents Seadgens. miuxedavad eqsport-importis monacemebis statistikuri damuSavebis sagrZnobi gaumjobesebisa, zogi Sefasebis Tanaxmad, araregistrirebuli vaWrobis xvedriTi wili kvlav saerTo savaWro tvirTbrunvis 15-20 procents Seadgens. cxrili 5.2: saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva da vaWrobis mimarTuleba, 1999 wlis pirveli naxevari (procenti ) saerTaSoriso savaWro tvirTbrunva sul (aTasi aSS dolari ) 1997 w. 1998 w. 1, 183, 299.30 Ikv.-IIkv. 1999 w. 1, 258, 921.30 416, 346.30 10 ZiriTadi partniori qveyana 64.1 73.5 72.9 ruseTi TurqeTi azerbaijani germania aSS 16.4 13.2 11.9 3.9 6.3 3.9 5.4 0 3.8 4.7 31.1 21.1 11.3 8.6 7.6 6.7 6.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.6 26.4 22.5 10.6 7.4 8.4 10.8 3.3 4.2 1 3 1 27.1 didi britaneTi ukraina Sveicaria italia bulgareTi sxva wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti vaWrobis mimarTulebebi saerTo savaWro tvirTbrunvaSi dsT-s qveynebis wili Seadgens 43,6 procents. ruseTi kvlav rCeba saqarTvelos ZiriTad savaWro partniorad, romlis wili tvirTbrunvaSi 22,5 procents Seadgens. aTi ZiriTadi partniori qveynis wili saerTo tvirTbrunvaSi 7,2 procentiT gaizarda da miaRwia 78,7 procents. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom saqarTvelom gaaRrmava savaWro urTierTobebi arsebul savaWro partniorebTan. nax. 5.1: saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva, 1999 wlis I – II kvartali 44 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi (procenti ) 11% 7% 23% 8% 11% 28% ruseTi TurqeTi azerbaijani germania aSS ukraina Sveicaria italia bulgareTi sxva 3% 4% 1% 3% 1% didi britaneTi wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti importi 5.3 cxrilis Tanaxmad, 1999 wlis pirvel or kvartalSi saqarTvelos importis yvelaze didi wili dsT-s qveynebze modioda. evrokavSiris qveynebidan Semosuli importi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda da Seadgina 70 milioni aSS dolari (mTeli importis 22 procenti). amis mizezad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, erTis mxriv, saqarTvelos ekonomikaze ruseTis krizisis uaryofiTi gavlena da meores mxriv, ruseTSi warmoebuli produqciis konkurentunarianobis zrda, rac rublis dasustebiT iyo gamowveuli. cxrili 5.3: saqarTvelos importi regionebisa da qveynebis mixedviT (aTasi aSS dolari ) 1997w. Ikv. 1997w. IIkv. 1997w. IIIkv. 1997w. IVkv. 1998w. Ikv. 1998w. I I kv 1998w. IIIkv. 1998w. IVkv. 1999w. Ikv. 1999w. I I kv. jgufi 1. dsT-s qveynebi 74,661 79,579 80,008 104,473 65,416 76,886 53,904 85,017 61,468 jgufi 2. evrogaerTianebis qveynebi 35,889 49,365 54,562 52,303 48,536 82,427 96,244 49,144 55,858 14,297 jgufi 3. aSS 19,673 15,086 13,102 22,360 20,263 14,443 11,989 29,655 14,914 23,954 jgufi 4. sxva 57,240 88,238 116,691 67,439 75,922 122,033 82,455 48,930 8,260 89,586 sul 187,463 232,268 264,363 246,575 210,137 295,789 244,592 212,746 140,500 183,303 1999w. Ikv. 1999w. I I kv. 55,466 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti cxrili 5.4: saqarTvelos importi regionebisa da qveynebis mixedviT (procenti ) 1997w. Ikv. jgufi 1. dsT-s qveynebi 1997w. IIkv. 1997w. IIIkv. 1997w. IVkv. 1998w. Ikv. 1998w. I I kv 1998w. IIIkv. 39.83 34.26 30.26 42.37 31.13 25.99 22.04 1998w. IVkv. 39.96 43.75 30.26 jgufi 2. evrogaerTianebis qveynebi 19.14 21.25 20.64 21.21 23.10 27.87 39.35 23.10 39.76 7.80 jgufi 3. aSS 10.49 6.50 4.96 9.07 9.64 4.88 4.90 13.94 10.61 13.07 jgufi 4. sxva 30.53 37.99 44.14 27.35 36.13 41.26 33.71 23.00 5.88 48.87 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti naxati 5.2: saqarTvelos importi regionebisa da qveynebis mixedviT saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 45 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi (aTasi aSS dolari ) jgufi 1. dsT-s qveynebi jgufi 2. evrogaerTianebis qveynebi jgufi 3. aSS jgufi 4. sxva 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 1997 Ikv. 1997 IIkv. 1997 IIIkv. 1997 IVkv. 1998 Ikv. 1998 IIkv 1998 IIIkv. 1998 IVkv. 1999 Ikv. 1999 IIkv. wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti eqsportis mimarTuleba cxrilSi 5.5 mocemulia saqarTvelos eqsportis ganawileba daniSnulebis adgilis mixedviT. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, 1998 wlis imave periodTan SedarebiT, registrirebuli mTliani eqsporti dsT-s qveynebSi Semcirda 8 milioni aSS dolariT da Seadgina 45 milioni aSS dolari. 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi eqsporti evrokavSiris qveynebSi gaizarda 14 milioni aSS dolaridan (1998 wlis pirveli naxevris maCvenebeli) 22 milionamde (mTliani eqsportis 23,6 procenti). cxrili 5.5: saqarTvelos eqsporti daniSnulebis adgilis mixedviT (aTasi aSS dolari ) 1997w. Ikv. 1997w. IIkv. 1997w. IIIkv. 1997w. IVkv. 1998w. Ikv. 1998w. I I kv 1998w. IIIkv. 1998w. IVkv. 1999w. Ikv. 1999w. I I kv. jgufi 1. dsT-s qveynebi 17,317 38,916 35,315 45,777 22,666 30,451 30,284 23,833 17,309 27,472 jgufi 2. evrogaerTianebis qveyne 7,928 5,875 2,242 6,552 5,801 8,920 8,973 14,655 12,186 9,879 jgufi 3. aSS 291 1,494 2,117 317 1,762 4,582 628 4,131 916 1,655 jgufi 4. sxva 12,255 16,699 15,819 19,031 8,690 11,172 8,777 8,100 7,080 16,797 sul 37,791 62,984 55,493 71,677 38,919 55,125 48,662 50,719 37,491 55,803 1999w. Ikv. 1999w. I I kv. wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti cxrili 5.6: saqarTvelos eqsporti daniSnulebis adgilis mixedviT (procenti ) 1997w. Ikv. 1997w. IIkv. 1997w. IIIkv. 1997w. IVkv. 1998w. Ikv. 1998w. I I kv 1998w. IIIkv. 1998w. IVkv. jgufi 1. dsT-s qveynebi 45.82 61.79 63.64 63.87 58.24 55.24 62.23 46.99 46.17 49.23 jgufi 2. evrogaerTianebis qveyne 20.98 9.33 4.04 9.14 14.91 16.18 18.44 28.89 32.50 17.70 gjufi 3. aSS 0.77 2.37 3.81 0.44 4.53 8.31 1.29 8.14 2.44 2.97 jgufi 4. sxva 32.43 26.51 28.51 26.55 22.33 20.27 18.04 15.97 18.88 30.10 wyaro: gamoTvlebi gakeTebulia sem-is mier, statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis vaWrobis monacemTa safuZvelze 46 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi axal, SedarebiT daSorebul bazrebze, rogoricaa evrokavSiris qveynebi, eqsportis zrda, umetes wilad, gamowveulia am bazrebze nedleulis eqsportis gazrdiT da ara saqarTvelos SesaZleblobebis gazrdiT awarmoos maRali xarisxis sawarmoo produqciis eqsporti. nax. 5.3: saqarTvelos eqsporti misi warmoSobis regionisa da qveynis mixedviT (aTasi aSS dolari ) jgufi 1. dsT-s qveynebi jgufi 2. evrogaerTianebis qveynebi jgufi 3. aSS jgufi 4. sxva 50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 1997 Ikv. 1997 IIkv. 1997 IIIkv. 1997 IVkv. 1998 Ikv. 1998 IIkv 1998 IIIkv. 1998 IVkv. 1999 Ikv. 1999 IIkv. wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti vaWrobis Semadgeneli produqciis jgufebi 5.7 cxrilSi mocemuli produqciis jgufebi 54 procents Seadgenda 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi. saqarTvelos importis cxrili 5.7: importis Semadgeneli produqciis jgufebi, 1999 wlis I naxevari (procenti ) importi - sul ((aTasi aTasi aSS doalri ) bunebrivi airi navTobi da navTobproduqtebi 1997 w. 1998 w. I kv-Iikv, 1999 w. 943,512 1,048,607 323,805 7.3 12.9 18.8 28.3 26.7 8.0 msubuqi avtomobilebi 4.4 8.1 8.1 samkurnalo saSualebebi 7.1 5.7 8.2 15.2 2.7 3.4 Saqari da sakonditro nawarmi 2.6 2.6 2.5 eleqtro aparatura da mowyobiloba 4.3 7.9 2.1 marcvleuli 4.8 2.6 1.5 boilerebi, manqana-danadgarebi 6.3 10 0.2 Tambaqos nawarmi Savi liTonebis nawarmi sxva 2.3 3.2 0.8 17.4 17.6 46.4 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti importirebuli produqciis or yvelaze did jgufs warmoadgens bunebrivi airi da farmacevtuli nawarmi. 1999 wlis I naxevarSi bunebrivi airis wili mTels importSi 11,8 procentiT gaizarda 1998 wlis imave periodTan SedarebiT, farmacevtuli nawarmis wili ki gaizarda 5,3 procentiT. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 47 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi saqarTvelos eqsportis Semadgenloba (cxrili 5.5) gviCvenebs, rom produqciis ori jgufi Seadgenda saqarTvelos eqsportis 20 procents: fero-Senadnobebi da rkinis jarTi. aqve unda aRiniSnos Txileulis eqsportis zrda, romelic amJamad mTeli eqsportis 6,2 procents Seadgens. cxrili: 5.8: eqsportis Semadgeneli produqciis jgufebi, 1997 – 1999 wlis I naxevari (procenti ) 1997 w. eqsporti -sul (aTasi aSS dolari ) 1998 w. 239, 787 fero-Senadnobi rkinis jarTi I kv-II kv, 1999 w. 192, 547 93, 283 6.5 11.5 11.3 0.02 0.5 8.9 eleqtroenergia 5.0 5.1 7.7 Txileuli 2.2 4.9 6.2 mineraluri sasuqebi 5.8 5.5 4.8 Cai - aromatizirebuli da ara-aromatizirebuli 5.8 4.5 5.5 gadaumuSavebeli navTobi da navTobproduqtebi 5.6 4.9 3.8 Zvirfas liTonTa madani da koncentratebi 0.8 3.2 5.6 Rvino 5.2 7.8 6.1 xe-tye sxva 1.1 2.2 1.2 24.8 18.7 38.9 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti saqarTvelo da msoflio savaWro organizacia (mso) "sagareo vaWrobis Sesaxeb memorandumSi" saqarTvelos mTavroba aRniSnavs msoflio savaWro organizaciaSi (mso) srulfasovani gawevrianebis mniSvnelobas. aqedan gamomdinare, mso-Si gawevrianeba saqarTvelos mTavrobis sagareo ekonomikuri politikis mniSvnelovan prioritets warmoadgens. msomso-sTan molaparakebebi 1996 wlis ivnisSi saqarTvelom ganacxadi gaakeTa mso-Si gawevrianebis survilis Sesaxeb da imave TveSi qveyanam miiRo damkvirveblis statusi. mso-s generalurma sabWom ganixila ra saqarTvelos winadadeba gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebiT 1996 wlis 18 ivliss Camoayaliba samuSao jgufi. gawevrianebis procesis daCqarebis mizniT, saqarTvelos prezidentma gamosca brZanebuleba, romliTac Seiqmna mso-Si gawevrianebis samTavrobo komisia, romelSic gaerTiandnen sxvadasxva saministroebisa da uwyebebis eqspertebi. saqarTvelos mier mso-s samdivnoSi saqonlisa da momsaxurebiT vaWrobaSi sawyisi SeTavazebebis wardgenis Semdeg, 1998 wlis 4 marts, Catarda samuSao jgufis pirveli sxdoma. am periodidan moyolebuli saqarTvelos delegacia ramdenimejer estumra Jenevas ormxrivi da mravalmxrivi molaparakebebis Casatareblad. 48 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi saqarTvelos mso-Si gawevrianebis samuSao jgufis bolo Sexvedra Catarda 28 ivliss. samuSao jgufma ganixila saqarTvelos ekonomikuri politikisa da sagareo vaWrobis aspeqtebi, agreTve mso-Si gawevrianebis oqmis proeqti. saqarTvelos savaWro politikis ganxilvisa da saqarTvelos mier aRebuli valdebulebebis safuZvelze samuSao jgufi mivida im daskvnamde, rom saqarTvelo miewvia mso-s damfuZnebel marakeSis SeTanxmebaze xelmosawerad. am mizniT, samuSao jgufma moamzada gadawyvetilebis proeqti da agreTve gawevrianebis oqmi, romelic Seicavs saqarTvelos valdebulebebs saqonliTa da momsaxurebiT vaWrobaSi. samuSao jgufma ganacxada saqarTvelosTan molaparakebebis damTavrebis Sesaxeb. 1999 wlis 6 oqtombers, mas Semdeg rac mso-s generalurma sabWom moiwona samuSao jgufis moxseneba da e.w. gawevrianebis oqmis proeqti, saqarTvelom sabolood daamTavra mso-Si gawevrianebis molaparakebebi. b-ma vaJa lorTqifaniZem - saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministrma - xeli moawera zemoT moxsenebul dokumentebs, marakeSis SeTanxmebasTan erTad. aRniSnuli SeTanxmebis saratifikacio proceduris damTavrebisa da mso-s samdivnosTvis amis Sesaxeb informaciis gagzavnidan 30 dRis Semdeg, saqarTvelo mso-s sruluflebiani wevri gaxdeba. amJamad mso-Si 134 wevri qveyanaa gaerTianebuli, 31 qveyana, maT Soris umetesi yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebi, awarmoeben molaparakebebs am organizaciaSi Sesasvlelad. mxolod TurqmeneTsa da tajikeTs jer ar gaukeTebiaT ganacxadi gawevrianebis moTxovniT. yirgizeTi da latvia mso-s sruluflebiani wevrebi arian. estoneTi mso-Si gawevrianebis imave etapzea, romelzec saqarTvelo da misTvis sruli wevrobis miReba malea mosalodneli. saqarTvelo da msomso-s SeTanxmeba saxelmwifo Sesyidvebze mas Semdeg rac saqarTvelos parlamentma 1998 wlis dekemberSi miiRo kanoni saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelom daiwyo am dargis reformireba. aRniSnuli kanoni emyareba UNCITRAL-is modelur kanons da momzadda GEPLAC - Tan mWidro TanamSromlobiT. saqarTvelo apirebs SeuerTdes mso-s saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebas. 1999 wlis 9 ivliss saqarTvelos delegaciam moiTxova mieRo aRniSnul SeTanxmebasTan damkvirveblis statusi. saqarTvelos oficialurma pirebma daadastures qveynis survili, imis Sesaxeb, rom gawevrianebisTanave daiwyeben molaparakebebs am xelSekrulebasTan SeerTebis mizniT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu molaparakebebis Sedegebi iqneba saqarTvelos mxarisTvis misaRebi, araugvianes 2000 wlis 31 dekembrisa, moxdeba am SeTanxmebasTan saqarTvelos SeerTeba. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 49 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi CanarTi 5.1 estoneTma xeli moawera msomso-Si gawevrianebis gawevrianebis oqms 1999 wlis 21 maiss estoneTma warmatebiT daasrula mso-Si gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebuli molaparakebebi, mas Semdeg rac generalurma sabWom moiwona samuSao jgufis moxseneba da gawevrianebis oqmi. mso-s generalurma sabWom daadgina, rom estoneTis gawevrianebis samuSao jgufma daamTavra muSaoba gawevrianebis dokumentebze (samuSao jgufis moxseneba, gawevrianebis oqmi, valdebulebebi saqonliTa da momsaxurebiT vaWrobaSi), ramac estoneTs saSualeba misca oqmze xelis mowerisa. estoneTi sruluflebiani wevri gaxdeba aRniSnuli dokumentebis ratifikaciidan 30 dRis Semdeg. estoneTis GATT-Tan SeerTebis samuSao jgufi dafuZnda 1994 wlis martSi da mso-s daarsebis Semdeg gardaiqmna mso-s samuSao jgufad 1995 wels. samuSao jgufma 1999 wlis aprilSi moiwona gawevrianebis oqmis proeqti, da saqonliTa da momsaxurebiT vaWrobaSi estoneTis valdebulebebi. estoneTma gadawyvita Tavisi ekonomikuri da savaWro politika mso-s moTxovnebTan SesabamisobaSi moiyvanos. estoneTi xels moawers yvela mravalmxriv da arasavaldebulo SeTanxmebebs, maT Soris saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis Sesaxeb da samoqalaqo TviTmfrinavebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebs gardamavali periodis gareSe. wyaro: mso-s samdivno saqonlis gadazidvamde inspeqtireba 1960-ani wlebidan zogierTi ganviTarebadi qveynis mTavrobebi iyeneben saqonlis gadazidvamde inspeqtirebis sferoSi momuSave kompaniebis momsaxurebas. mTavari mizani aRniSnuli momsaxurebisa aris saqonlis mowodebasTan dakavSirebuli detalebis, gansakuTrebiT saqonlis fasis, xarisxis da raodenobis kontrolis organizeba gamomgzavni qveynis teritoriaze.. amJamad mso-s 34 wevri ganviTarebadi qveyana iyenebs am sferoSi momuSave kompaniebis momsaxurebas. am sferoSi msoflioSi aRiarebuli 5 kompania moRvaweobs. yvela aRniSnuli kompania aris wevri sainspeqcio saagentoebis saerTaSoriso federaciis inspeqtirebis komitetis. federaciis ZiriTadi mizania (IFIA) gadazidvamde Camoayalibos am sferoSi momuSave kompaniebisaTvis erTiani wesebi da marTvis meqanizmebi. umsxvilesi, am saxis kompaniebidan, aris Sveicariuli kompania SGS, romelsac 130-ze meti filiali aqvs msoflios 140 qveyanaSi 30 000 TanamSromliT. oTxi sxva umsxvilesi kompaniebia: franguli BIVAC International-i, Sveicariuli COTECNA, britanuli ITS da aSS-s inspeqtorati. saqarTvelos mTavrobam gadawyvita gadazidvamde inspeqtirebis dargSi momuSave kompaniis daqiraveba, raTa gaaZlieros saqonlis eqsportirebamde da importirebamde inspeqtireba. specialuri samTavrobo satendero komisia Camoyalibda 1998 wlis dekemberSi finansTa ministris xelmZRvanelobiT. sabaJo departamentma xeli moawera gamarjvebul kompaniasTan ITS-sTan SeTanxmebas, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 50 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi 1999 wlis agvistoSi. aRniSnuli SeTanxmebiT ITS iRebs valdebulebas, rom gaizrdeba sabaJo Semosavlebi 50 procentiT pirvel weliwadSi, xolo momdevno ori wlis ganmavlobaSi Semosavlebis wliuri zrda iqneba 20 procenti. aRsaniSnavia, rom britanuli kompania ITS muSaobs mraval qveynebSi, maT Soris argentinaSi, kolumbiaSi, uzbekeTsa da iranSi. saqoneli, romelic ar eqvemdebareba gadazidvamde inspeqtirebas saqarTvelos sabaJo departamentsa da britanul kompania ITS-s Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebis mixedviT Semdegi saxis saqoneli aris ganTavisuflebuli gadazidvamde inspeqtirebisagan: 5000 aSS dolaramde Rirebulebis saqonlis gagzavna, oqro, Zvirfasi qvebi, xelovnebis sagnebi, iaraRi da sabrZolo masalebi, jarTi, gazeTebi da perioduli gamocemebi, safosto gzavnilebi (ara komerciuli), xorci (gayinuli da dakonservebuli xorcis gamoklebiT), pirutyvi, axali, gayinuli an dakonservebuli xili, eleqtroenergia, milebi, da kvercxebi. saqarTvelo – evrokavSiris urTierTobebi partniorobisa partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvla 90-ani wlebis dasawyisSi daiwyo saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebi. pirveli ramodenime wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos mimarT evrokavSiris politikas raime gansakuTrebuli politikuri mizani ar gaaCnda da Semoifargleboda mxolod mimdinare ekonomikur reformebSi humanitaruli da teqnikuri daxmarebis gaweviT. mogvianebiT evrokavSiris interesi saqarTvelos mimarT gaizarda da Sedegad 1996 wels evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris xeli moewera partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebas (PCA). es SeTanxmeba ZalaSi Sevida 1999 wlis ivlisSi, mas Semdeg rac ratificirebul iqna evrokavSiris yvela wevri qveynisa da saqarTvelos mier. partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis miznebi da Sinaarsi partniorobisa warmoadgens: da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis ZiriTad miznebs • politikur sakiTxebze mWidro urTierTobebis damyareba regularuli dialogebis gamarTviT; • vaWrobis, investirebis da ekonomikuri urTierTobebis xelSewyoba; • orive mxrisaTvis xelsayreli ekonomikuri, socialuri, finansuri, samecniero, teqnologiuri da kulturuli TanamSromlobisaTvis safuZvlis momzadebis uzrunvelyofa; • daxmarebis gaweva qveyanaSi demokratiuli procesebis warmarTvaSi da sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesis dasrulebaSi. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 51 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba Sedgeba 11 nawilisagan, romelic moicavs evrokavSirisa da saqarTvelos urTierTobis sxvadasxva sferos. es sferoebia: • zogadi principebi; • politikuri dialogi; • saqonliT vaWroba; • debulebebi, romelic gavlenas axdens biznessa da investiciebze; • kanonSemoqmedebiTi TanamSromloba; • ekonomikuri TanamSromloba; • demokratiasa da adamianTa uflebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi TanamSromloba; • TanamSromloba aralegaluri saqmianobebis SezRudvis saqmeSi da aralegaluri emigraciis SezRudvasa da kontrolis ganxorcielebaSi; • TanamSromloba kulturis sferoSi; • teqnikuri daxmarebis sferoSi finansuri TanamSromloba; • institucionaluri, zogadi da saboloo debulebebi. saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan vaWroba 1997 wels evrokavSiris wevr qveynebTan saqarTvelos savaWro brunva Seadgenda 231,2 milion amerikul dolars da warmoadgenda saqarTvelos mTeli savaWro brunvis daaxloebiT 20 procents. saqarTvelos eqsporti Seadgenda 20,2 milion amerikul dolars da importi ki – 211,0 milions. 1998 wels saqarTvelo – evrokavSiris savaWro brunva 101 milioni dolariT gaizarda da Seadgina 332,2 milioni aSS dolari, rac warmoadgenda saqarTvelos mTeli savaWro brunvis 25 procentze mets. 1999 wlis ianvar–ivlisSi saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis savaWro urTierTobebi Seadgenda 111,2 milion amerikul dolars. nawilobriv ruseTis finansuri krizisis gamo, wina wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT, vaWroba Semcirda 52,7 milioni aSS dolariT. aRsaniSnavia, rom evrokavSiris qveynebSi saqarTvelos eqsporti gaizarda 11,3 milioni aSS dolariT da importi ki Semcirda 64,0 milioni aSS dolariT. cxrili 5.9: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrogaerTianebis qveynebTan (milioni aSS dolari) weli 1997 1998 1998 7 Tve 1999 7 Tve brunva eqsporti importi balansi 231.2 20.2 211.0 -190.8 332.2 35.9 296.3 -260.4 163.9 14.5 149.4 -134.9 111.2 25.8 85.4 -59.6 wyaro: vaWrobisa da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebis saministro rac Seexeba investiciebs, mxolod didi britaneTi da germania arian mTavari investorebi saqarTveloSi. evrogaerTianebis qveynebi Seadgenen saqarTveloSi registrirebuli pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis 30 procents. 52 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi cxrili 5.10: evrogaerTianebis qveynebis investiciebi saqarTveloSi (aTasi lari) qveynebi 1995 avstria belgia germania didi britaneTi italia irlandia luqsemburgi holandia saberZneTi safrangeTi 1996 1997 1998 266 1,093 24,888 1,934 22,345 11,089 17,193 3,289 33,958 52,054 1,063 7,190 770 238 489 30 132 2,248 sul 27,166 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti 705 1,331 3,017 2,556 1,134 323 2,345 131,666 30,594 58,629 206,957 evrogaerTianebis daxmareba evrogaerTianebis mier dsT-s qveynebisTvis gaweuli daxmarebis erT-erTi mTavari mimRebia saqarTvelo. kerZod, 1997-1999 wlebSi saqarTvelom evrogaerTianebisagan miiRo 241,7 aSS milioni dolaris daxmareba. cxrili 5.11: dsTdsT-s qveynebisadmi evrokavSiris daxmareba (ruseTis gamoklebiT) (milioni evro) qveynebi somxeTi azerbaijani belorusi saqarTvelo yazaxeTi yirgizeTi moldova tajikeTi TurqmeneTi ukraina uzbekeTi sul reabilitacia 1997 – 1998 sakvebi produqtebis usafrTxoeba 1997 - 1999 3.7 28.0 58.0 26.9 17.0 10.7 42.0 ar ekuTvnis 5.0 ar ekuTvnis 1.3 16.0 6.5 12.2 TACIS 1997 - 1998 10.0 24.0 13.0 4.6 18.0 ar ekuTvnis 11.0 3.0 31.6 5.0 11.5 ar ekuTvnis humanit. daxmareba 1997 - 1998 Sewyvetilia 42.0 165.0 ekuTvnis ar ekuTvnis 17.0 ar ekuTvnis ekuTvnis 15.0 8 ixileba ekuTvnis ar ekuTvnis 1.7 150.0 88.0 246.4 erTjeradi finansuri daxmareba ar ekuTvnis 26.5 65.7 137.0 372.0 wyaro:: evrokavSiri. 1992 wlidan evrokavSirma daafinansa mravali proeqti, romelic mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobda (da mravali maTgani dResac asrulebs mniSvnelovan rols) saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebasa da demokratiuli institutebis mxardaWeris saqmeSi. proeqtebi moicavda yvela mniSvnelovan seqtors: energetika, transporti, telekomunikacia, kerZo seqtoris ganviTareba, sakvebis warmoeba, iurisprudencia, saSinao saqmeebi da sxva. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 53 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi 1992-1999 wlebis ganmavlobaSi dafinansda sakvebis usafrTxoebis programa. mis mizans warmoadgenda sakvebis usafrTxoebis gaumjobeseba saqarTveloSi. am programis, romelic warmoadgens grants saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetisaTvis, mizania daxmarebis gaweva sakvebis usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebul sferoebSi (rogoricaa soflis meurneoba, miwis marTva da sxva) da aseve saqarTvelos sagadasaxado balansis mxardaWera. oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi (1996-2000) finansurma daxmarebam unda Seadginos 60 milioni ekiu. evrokomisiam wamoayena winadadeba evrokavSiris reabilitaciis programis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb im teritoriaze, romelzec gavlena moaxdina saqarTvelo-oseTis konfliqtma da es winadadeba damtkicebul iqna 1999 wlis 11 marts erToblivi sakoordinacio sabWos mier, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda evrokomisiis delegacia saqarTveloSi. proeqtis mTliani Rirebuleba Seadgenda 3,5 milion evros. TRACECA-s saxelmwifoTaSorisi programebi programas “satransporto derefani evropa-kavkasia-azia” (TRACECA) safuZveli Caeyara 1993 wlis maisSi, briuselSi gamarTul konferenciaze, sadac erTad Seikriba Sua aziis xuTi da kavkasiis sami saxelmwifos transportisa da vaWrobis ministrebi. TRACECA evrokavSiris mier wamyvan proeqtad iTvleba kavkasia-Sua aziis regionSi. TRACECA Seiqmna tasisis saxelmwifoTaSorisi programis safuZvelze, romelic uzrunvelyofs teqnikur daxmarebas gzebis, rkinigzisa da sazRvao satransporto derefnis ganviTarebas evropasa da Sua azias Soris, romelic moicavs Sav zRvas, kavkasias da kaspiis zRvas. am programis mizania, ZiriTadad, ruseTze gamavali ukve arsebuli gzebis garda, damatebiTi satransporto gziT uzrunvelyos regioni da daakavSiros igi evropis qveynebTan. programa miznad isaxavs gaaumjobesos dainteresebul qveynebs Soris TanamSromloba, mxari dauWiros qveynebis politikursa da ekonomikur damoukideblobas da xeli Seuwyos am qveynebs sxvadasxva alternatiuli gzebiT SeaRwion evropisa da msoflio bazrebze. am miznebis misaRwevad evrogaerTianeba ganixileba rogorc saerTaSoriso finansuri organizaciebidan da kerZo wyaroebidan investiciebis mozidvis katalizatori. TRACECA-s programiT gaTvaliswinebuli saqmianobebi iyofa sam kategoriad: vaWrobis xelSewyoba, momsaxureba, reabilitacia da modernizacia. gamoyofilia TRACECA-s marSrutze Tanxebi teqnikuri daxmarebisaTvis, kvlevisa da infrastruqturis gaumjobesebisaTvis saWiro ZiriTadi investiciebisaTvis. evrokavSiris preferenciebis zogadi sistema (GSP) saqarTvelo warmoadgens evrokavSiris preferenciebis (EU-GSP) beneficiars (gamomyenebels). preferenciebis zogadi sistemis sqemis mizania ganviTarebad qveynebs SesTavazos ganviTarebuli qveynebis SemTxvevebSi gamoyenebul tarifebze ufro 54 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi dabali sabaJo tarifebi. es saqarTvelos eqsports mianiWebs evrokavSiris bazarze Sesvlis upiratesobas. Tavdapirvelad es sqema evrokavSiris mier 1971 wels iqna SemoRebuli. 1995 wlis ianvarSi Seiqmna preferenciebis axali sistema, romlis Tanaxmadac ganviTarebadi qveynebis samrewvelo saqonelze satarifo upiratesoba xorcieldeboda zogadi sabaJo tarifebis Semcirebis (GCT) saxiT, raodenobrivi SezRudvebis gareSe. axali sistemis xangrZlivoba oTxi welia, Tavdapirvelad gaTvaliswinebuli erTi wlis nacvlad. Tanaxmad amisa, sabazo tarifebi dadginda Semdegi oTxi kategoriis samrewvelo produqciisaTvis: maRal-mgrZnobiare, mgrZnobiare, naxevradmgrZnobiare da ara-mgrZnobiare produqtebi. evrokomisiam miiRo 1999 wlis 1 ianvridan 2001 wlis 31 dekembramde periodisaTvis mravalwliani GSP sistemis ganxorcielebis maregulirebeli winadadeba. is moicavs rogorc samrewvelo, ise soflis meurneobis produqcias da aerTianebs yvela ukve arsebul GSP wesebs. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 55 Tavi meeqvse. privatizacia 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi privatizebis procesSi didi progresi ar aRiniSneboda. saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis aqciaTa sakontrolo paketebi ZiriTadad nulovani sarezervo fasiT Catarebul auqcionze iqna gayiduli. saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom (sqms) gamoacxada tenderi saqarTveloSi erT-erTi yvelaze msxvili sawarmos "elmavalmSenebelis" (eleqtro lokomotivebis damamzadebeli qarxana) aqciaTa 51 procentze. Tumca, tenderis ararealisturi pirobebis gamo, arc erTi ganacxadi ar gakeTebula da myidveli ver iqna moziduli. weliwadis meore kvartalSi eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebel kompaniebze da mwarmoebel obieqtebze tenderis gamocxadeba yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenad unda CaiTvalos. saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis privatizacia 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi 7 axali saSualo da msxvili sawarmo damtkicda saprivatizaciod da saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis mTliani ricxvi 1 307-mde gaizarda. mcire progresi aRiniSneboda sawarmoebis saaqcio sazogadoebad CamoyalibebaSi. or-ori axali saaqcio sazogadoeba Camoyalibda mrewvelobis da arqiteqturisa da mSeneblobis seqtorebSi, xolo soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis seqtorSi erTi saaqcio sazogadoeba iqna Camoyalibebuli. maSasadame, Camoyalibebuli saaqcio sazogadoebebis mTliani ricxvi 5-iT gaizarda da 1 149-s gautolda. cxrili 6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebis daarseba seqtorebis mixedviT (sqms (sqmssqms-s klasifikaciiT ) 1999 wlis 1 aprilis mdgomareobiT1 seqtori damtkicebuli daarsebuli 1999 wels daarsebuli mrewveloba 193 176 2 samTo qimia 31 25 0 0 purproduqtebi 61 24 soflis meurneoba da sursaTi 385 327 1 arqiteqtura da mSenebloba 221 214 2 sacalo da sabiTumo vaWroba 83 70 0 navTobproduqtebi 49 26 0 saqgazi 58 44 0 116 110 0 50 42 0 91 0 transporti socialuri sfero energetika 60 sul 1,307 1,149 5 wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro 1 pirvel svetSi warmodgenilia saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli sawarmoebi, xolo meoreSi _ Sefasebuli da saaqcio sazogadoebebad dafuZnebuli sawarmoebi. cxrilSi ar aris mocemuli realurad privatizebuli sawarmoebis Sesaxeb monacemebi. ricxvebi meore svetSi SeiZleba aRematebodes pirvel svetSi mocemuls, vinaidan sawarmoTa nawili, saaqcio sazogadoebad dafuZnebis procesSi, or an met nawilad gaiyo. sqms seqtorul klasifikacias axdens sabWoTa dros sawarmos uwyebrivi daqvemdebarebis mixedviT. 56 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 privatizacia 1999 wlis meore kvartalSi ukeTesi Sedegi iyo rogorc saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis saprivatizaciod damtkicebaSi, aseve sawarmoebis saaqcio sazogadoebad CamoyalibebaSic. 21 saSualo da msxvili sawarmo damtkicda saprivatizaciod, ramac aseTi sawarmoebis ricxvi 1 328-mde gazarda. rogorc naCvenebia 6.2 cxrilSi, Camoyalibebuli saaqcio sazogadoebebis ricxvic gaizarda da 1 162-s gautolda. meore kvartalSi 13 saSualo da msxvili sawarmo Camoyalibda saaqcio sazogadoebad, maT Soris 4 energetikis seqtorSi, 4 - soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis, 2 - transportis, 2 - mrewvelobis da 1 - arqiteqturisa da mSeneblobis seqtorSi. cxrili 6.2: saaqcio sazogadoebis daarseba seqtorebis mixedviT (sqms (sqmssqms-s klasifikaciiT ) 1999 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT seqtori damtkicebuli daarsebuli 1999 wels daarsebuli mrewveloba 196 178 4 samTo qimia 31 25 0 purproduqtebi 61 24 0 soflis meurneoba da sursaTi 387 331 5 arqiteqtura da mSenebloba 226 215 3 sacalo da sabiTumo vaWroba 86 70 0 navTobproduqtebi 49 26 0 saqgazi 58 44 0 118 112 2 socialuri sfero 56 42 0 energetika 60 95 4 transporti sul 1,328 1,162 18 wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro sem-is gamoTvlebis mixedviT, romlebic sqms-s monacemebs eyrdnoba, 1999 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT 925 saaqcio sazogadoeba iqna faqtiurad privatizebuli. rac imas niSnavs, rom dafuZnebuli saaqcio sazogadoebebis aqciaTa sakontrolo paketebis 80 procenti gadavida kerZo mflobelobaSi. rogorc naCvenebia 6.3 cxrilSi mrewvelobis da socialuri sferos seqtorebSi yvelaze meti saaqcio sazogadoebaa privatizebuli. mosalodnelia privatizebuli saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis mTliani ricxvis gazrda, vinaidan energetikis, jandacvis da telekomunikaciebis seqtorebis kompaniebis privatizacia 1999 wlis meore naxevarSia dagegmili. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 57 privatizacia privatizacia cxrili 6.3: saaqcio sazogadoebebis privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT (sem (semsem-is klasifikaciiT) 1999 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT2 seqtori daarseb ul i sofl is meurneoba da kvebis mrewvel oba pri vat i z eb ul i s wili % pr i vat i z eb ul i 275 250 90.9 mSenebl oba 151 132 87.4 energetika 149 12 8.1 mrewvel oba 278 272 97.8 mompovebel i mrewvel oba 20 9 45.0 momsaxureba 43 41 95.3 social uri sfero 53 52 98.1 sacal o da sabiTumo vaWroba transporti sul 53 48 90.6 129 109 84.5 9 25 80. 4 1 , 15 1 wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministros monacemebze dayrdnobiT privatizacia fuladi auqcioniT saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis aqciaTa privatizacia fuladi auqcioniT grZeldeba, Tumca mcire warmatebiT. sqms cdilobs saaqcio sazogadoebebis aqciebis gayidvas sawyisi fasiT, romelic maTi nominaluri Rirebulebis 150 procents Seadgens. aqciebi romelTa gayidva ver moxerxda or fulad auqcionze, Semdeg auqcionebze 50 da 75 procentis fasdaklebiT aris gamotanili gasayidad. jerjerobiT mniSvnelovan warmatebas mxolod im fuladma auqcionebma miaRwies, romlebzedac aqciebi nulovani sawyisi fasiT iyo gamotanili. prezidentis brZanebulebis Sesabamisad Sedga 62 saaqcio sazogadoebis sia, romelTa aqciebi ver gaiyida maTi nominaluri Rirebulebis 25 procentad fulad auqcionebze da es aqciebi gamotanil iqneba nulovani sarezervo fasiT mexuTe auqcionze. mexuTe auqcioni nulovani sarezervo fasiT 1999 wlis mesame kvartalSi Catardeba. privatizacia “sainvesticio tenderiT” 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi sawarmoebis sainvesticio tenderis meSveobiT privatizebaSi mniSvnelovani progresi ar aRiniSneboda. Tumca, sqms-m gamoacxada tenderebi ori eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebeli kompaniis da 11 eleqtroenergiis generaciis obieqtis aqciaTa sakontrolo paketebze, rac privatizaciis procesSi mniSvnelovan wingadadgmul nabijad unda CaiTvalos (detaluri ganxilva ix. eleqtroenergetikis seqtoris privatizaciis qveTavSi). sqms-m warmatebiT gayida Sps "minas" da Tambaqos qarxana "qarTlis" aqciaTa paketebi. miuxedavad amisa, 2 kerZo sawarmod CaTvlilia is, romlis aqciaTa 50 procentze meti kerZo mflobelis xelSia. 1 162 dafuZnebuli saaqcio sazogadoebidan 11-is Sesaxeb monacemebi ar aris sqms-s monacemTa bazaSi. 6.3 cxrilSi seqtorebis mixedviT dayofa ekuTvnis sem-s da gansxvavdeba 6.1 da 6.2 cxrilebSi gamoyenebuli klasifikaciisagan. sqms seqtorul klasifikacias axdens sabWoTa dros sawarmos uwyebrivi daqvemdebarebis mixedviT. 58 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 privatizacia "elmavalmSenebelis" migvaniSnebs imaze, problematuria. aqciaTa 51 procentze gamarTuli tenderis warumatebloba rom umsxvilesi samrewvelo sawarmoebis gayidva kvlavac maisSi sqms-m daasrula saaqcio sazogadoeba "minas" aqciaTa 9,5 procentze gamocxadebuli tenderi. Turqulma firma “SiSe jamma” 982 305 aSS dolarad Seisyida saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi myofi aqciaTa paketi. tenderSi gamarjvebulma unda uzrunvelyos aqciaTa paketis saboloo gasayidi fasis 51 procentis gadaxda xelSekrulebis gaformebidan 30 kalendaruli dRis vadaSi, xolo darCenili 49 procentisa 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi yovelkvartalurad Tanabarproporciulad. aqciaTa paketis sawyisi gasayidi fasi 982 304 aSS dolars Seadgenda. saaqcio sazogadoeba "minas" aqciaTa 76 procenti amave Turqulma kompaniam 1997 wels Seisyida. sqms-m moawyo tenderi Tambaqos fabrika "qarTlis" aqciaTa sakontrolo paketis Sesyidvaze. tenderi meored iqna gamocxadebuli vinaidan pirvel tenderSi gamarjvebulma amerikulma kompania "kompasma" ver moaxerxa aqciaTa gamosasyidi Tanxis gadaxda, ramac tenderis Sedegis gauqmeba gamoiwvia. sawarmos aqciaTa 50,5 procentze gamarTul xelmeore tenderSi qarTulma kompania Sps "agro-qarTlma" gaimarjva. aqciaTa paketSi igi 412 000 aSS dolars gadaixdis. kompaniam ukve gadaixada tenderSi monawileobisaTvis winaswari gadasaxadi, romelic aqciaTa paketis sawyisi gasayidi fasis (410 000 aSS dolari) 10 procents udrida. tenderiT dadgenili pirobebis Sesabamisad, gamarjvebulma unda uzrunvelyos aqciaTa paketis saboloo gasayidi fasis 51 procentis gadaxda xelSekrulebis gaformebidan 30 kalendaruli dRis vadaSi, xolo darCenili 49 procenti gadaixados 1999 wlis 1 oqtombramde. gamarjvebulma aseve unda ganaxorcielos aranakleb 2 milioni aSS dolaris investiciebi (reinvestirebis CaTvliT) Tambaqos adgilobrivi nedleulis warmoebis reabilitaciisTvis, sawarmos teqnikuri gadaiaraRebisaTvis da kapitaluri remontisaTvis. investiciebi unda ganxorcieldes Tanabarproporciulad 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi. gamarjvebulma unda dafaros sawarmos valebi da 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi SeinarCunos samuSao adgilebi. saaqcio sazogadoeba "agromrewvbankma" da misma partniorma bankebma amcnes satendero komisias, rom mzad arian daafinanson konkursSi monawile "agro-qarTlis" warmodgenili sainvesticio programa. tenderis pirobebis ganxorcielebis periodSi gamarjvebuls ara aqvs ufleba gaasxvisos, gasces qiriT, an daagiraos aqciebis paketi, an misi nawili sqms-s Tanxmobis gareSe. tenderis pirobebi avaldebulebs "agro-qarTls" 6 TveSi erTxel miawodos informacia sqms-s sainvesticio programis ganxorcielebaSi arsebuli progresis Sesaxeb. sqms-m gamoacxada tenderi saaqcio sazogadoeba “elmavalmSenebelis” aqciaTa 51 procentze. kompania eleqtro lokomotivebs uSvebs da saqarTveloSi erT-erTi yvelaze msxvili sawarmoa. misi sawesdebo kapitali 37 660 000 aSS dolarad aris Sefasebuli. aqciaTa sawyisi gasayidi fasi 19 206 600 aSS dolars Seadgenda da tenderSi gamarjvebuls saboloo gasayidi fasis 51 procenti 30 kalendaruli dRis ganmavlobaSi unda daefara, xolo danarCeni 49 procenti – ori wlis ganmavlobaSi. tenderis pirobebis Tanaxmad, myidvels unda SeenarCunebina saaqcio sazogadoebis saqmianobis mTavari profili, ganeviTarebina qarxnis menejmenti da daenerga axali Tanamedrove teqnologiebi. tenderis moTxovniT, gamarjvebuls unda daecva saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 59 privatizacia privatizacia saerTaSoriso standartebi axali tipis eleqtro lokomotivebis, saTadarigo nawilebis warmoebaSi da saremonto samuSaoebis CatarebaSi. sami wlis ganmavlobaSi myidvels sawarmoSi 10 milioni aSS dolari unda daebandebina; aqedan, 2,5 milioni aSS dolari pirvel wels, 3,5 milioni aSS dolari - meore wels da 4 milioni aSS dolari - mesame wels. gamarjvebuls, tenderis erT-erTi pirobis Tanaxmad, unda ganexorcielebina socialuri programa da pirveli wlis ganmavlobaSi 100 procentiT SeenarCunebina momuSave personali. amasTan, gamarjvebuls unda ganexila sami wlis vadaSi samuSao adgilebis, sul mcire, 2-jer gazrdis SesaZlebloba. gamarjvebuls unda moexdina sawarmos reabilitacia, aemuSavebina sawarmos aqtivebi, aRWurvilobisa da Senoba-nagebobaTa CaTvliT da 2 wlis vadaSi daefara sawarmos valebi. tenderis kidev erTi pirobis saxiT gaTvaliswinebuli iyo agreTve soflis meurneobasa da eleqtro-teqnikur mrewvelobaSi gamoyenebuli produqciis warmoebis SenarCuneba. cxadia, rom tenderis pirobebi warmoadgenda mTavar dabrkolebas potenciur investorTa mozidvaSi da Sesabamisad, tenderma ver moaxerxa ganacxadebis Segroveba. saqarTveloSi yvelaze msxvili sawarmoebi sabWoTa kavSiris memkvidreobas warmoadgenen da msxvili investiciebis dabandebasa da arsebiT restruqturizacias saWiroeben, ZiriTadad, maTi moculobis Semcirebis xarjze. tenderma, zemoaRniSnuli ararealuri pirobebis wamoyenebiT, sawarmos privatizacia ufro Seaferxa, vidre xeli Seuwyo mas. “saqvaWrobproeqtis” da samedicino akademiis Senoba-nagebobebze gamarTuli tenderebis Sedegebi im faqtze miuTiTebs, rom zogierTi ucxoeli investori dainteresebas iCens Senoba-nagebobebze gamocxadebul tenderebSi. didi britaneTis moqalaqem, b-ma g. risma, monawileoba orive tenderSi miiRo. pirvel tenderSi igi qarTul firma “arq studios” uwevda konkurencias. g. risma, 52 222 aSS dolaris ganacxadiT (gasayidi sawyisi fasi 41 150 aSS dolars udrida) gaimarjva tenderSi. meore tenderSi Sps "Tbilisis samedicino akademiam" sawyis gasayid fasTan SedarebiT, (romelic 57 090 aSS dolars Seadgenda) 81 000 aSS dolaris ganacxadi gaakeTa da gaimarjva. didi britaneTis moqalaqis ganacxadi 62 222 aSS dolars Seadgenda. tenderis Sedegebi agreTve gviCvenebs, rom tenderis procesSi ar yofila gansxvaveba ucxoel da adgilobriv investorTa Soris da maT Tanabari SesaZleblobebi gaaCndaT. sqms-m, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqebsa da regionebSi ganlagebuli navTob-produqtebis distributori kompaniebis privatizaciis procesis dasasruleblad, tenderebi gamoacxada. gakeTda SeTavazeba 15 kompaniis aqciaTa sakontrolo paketebze, romelTa fasi maTi nominaluri Rirebulebis 25 procents udrida. tenderis pirobebis Tanaxmad, gamarjvebulebma unda SeinarCunon sawarmoTa saqmianobis profili da 5 Tvis vadaSi dafaron maTi davalineba saxelmwifo kompania “saqnavTobproduqtis” mimarT. tenderis monawilem unda waradginos aseve winadadeba Sesabamisi regionis momavalSi navTob-produqtebiT momaragebis Taobaze, sadac miTiTebuli iqneba gansaxorcielebeli moculobebi da investiciebi. saboloo gasayidi fasis 51 procentis gadaxda unda moxdes SeTanxmebis gaformebidan 30 kalendaruli dRis ganmavlobaSi, xolo danarCeni Tanxa 1999 wlis pirvel dekembramde unda daifaros. ganxilvaSia agreTve saxelmwifo sawarmo “saqnavTobis” korporatizacia, Tumca, axlo momavalSi sawarmos privatizacia dRis wesrigSi Setanili ar aris. 60 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 privatizacia aRsaniSnavia, rom mesame kvartalSi sqms-m saaqcio sazogadoeba “WiaTurmanganumis” aqciaTa paketi sabolood ucxoel investors mihyida. sawarmos aqciaTa 75 procentze gamarTul tenderSi monawileobda ori investori: saqarTvelos manganumis korporacia (samko), “Pembroke International Corporation”–i (erToblivi ganacxadi); da Cexuri firma Saga Print-i. mravali TvalsazrisiT, Saga Print-is sainvesticio SeTavazeba, misi metoqis SeTavazebasTan SedarebiT, bevrad momxibvleli iyo da Sesabamisad tenderSi Cexurma firmam gaimarjva. gamarjvebulma unda gadaixados aqciaTa safasuri 350 000 aSS dolaris odenobiT da unda Seasrulos tenderis pirobebiT dakisrebuli valdebulebebi. saaqcio sazogadoeba “WiaTurmanganumis” aqciaTa paketis gayidva garkveul sirTuleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli (ix. sem-is wina gamocemebi) da unda vimedovnoT, rom axali myidveli moaxerxebs sawarmos reabilitacias. saaqcio sazogadoeba “WiaTurmanganumi” saqarTveloSi erT-erTi umsxvilesi sawarmoa da Tu igi efeqturad daiwyebs muSaobas, es gavlenas moaxdens ara mxolod regionis ekonomikur mdgomareobaze, aramed mTeli qveynis ekonomikazec. kavSirgabmulobis seqtori saqarTvelos mTavrobam TxovniT mimarTa saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis asociacias (IDA) kavSirgabmulobis sistemis privatizaciis procesSi daxmarebis da kreditis Taobaze. es Tanxa nawilobriv unda moxmardes sakonsultacio samuSaos dafinansebas. mrCevlebma unda ganaxorcielon mdgomareobis Sefaseba am seqtorSi Semdgomi xuTi wlis manZilze sainvesticio SesaZleblobebis, kavSirgabmulobis seqtoris ganviTarebis mimdinare etapisa da Sesabamisi kanonisa da wesdebis TvalsazrisiT. moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, mrCevlebma unda uzrunvelyon rekomendaciebi im cvlilebebTan dakavSirebiT, romelTa ganxorcieleba sargebels moutans rogorc saqarTvelos mTavrobas, aseve potenciur investorebs. maT agreTve detalurad unda SeimuSaon strategia garkveuli saxis gayidvebTan dakavSirebiT da damtkicebis Semdeg, moaxdinon misi ganxorcieleba. konsultantebma TavianTi SeTavazebebi ivnisSi unda waradginon. kavSirgabmulobis seqtorSi privatizaciis finansuri mrCevlis asarCevad, tenderis Catareba 1999 wlis mesame kvartalSia dagegmili. jandacva prezidentma gamosca brZanebuleba jandacvis seqtorSi Semavali obieqtebis momuSave personalze pirdapiri miyidvis Sesaxeb. koleqtivis wevrebma, romelTac siaSi Setanili 29 gasayidi obieqtidan romelime konkretuli obieqtis Sesyidva surT, unda waradginon TavianTi SeTavazebebi sqms-Si 1999 wlis 15 ivnisamde. saboloo vadis amowurvis Semdeg, saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi darCenili obieqtebis gayidva moxdeba Sesabamisi kanonis Tanaxmad. eleqtroenergetikis seqtoris privatizacia saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 61 privatizacia privatizacia eleqtroenergetikis seqtoris privatizacia erT-erTi yvelaze problematuria. Tumca, grZelvadiani momzadebis Semdeg sqms-m daiwyo eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebeli kompaniebis da generaciis obieqtebis privatizaciis procesi. aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos eleqtrogamanawilebeli kompaniebis (62 regionuli eleqtrogamanawilebeli kompania dajgufda or aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos kompaniad) aqciebis 75 procenti gaiyideba pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT an gadaecema marTvaSi 25 wlis vadiT. 11 eleqtrogeneraciis obieqti (maT Soris hidro da Tboeleqtrosadgurebi) aseve aris gamotanili gasayidad. xramhesi I-is, xramhesi II-is, zahesis, varcixis kaskadis, lajanurhesis, tyibulhesis, gumaTis, Saorhesis, rionhesis, aqciaTa 75 procenti gadaecema marTvaSi 25 wlis vadiT. xolo Tbilsresis da Tbilisis Tboqselis SemTxvevaSi, aqciaTa 75 procenti gadaecema marTvaSi 25 wlis vadiT, an gaiyideba pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT. winadadebebis wardgenis procesi sami safexurisagan Sedgeba: 1) winasakvalifikacio, 2) winaswari, arasavaldebulo winadadeba/SeTavazeba, 3) saboloo SemoTavazeba. myidvelma unda warmoadginos werilobiTi winasakvalifikacio ganacxadi raTa igi miwveul iqnas misTvis saintereso obieqtze an obieqtebze (pretendentebs aqvT ufleba gaakeTon ganacxadi erTze met obieqtze) damoukidebeli gamokvlevis Casatareblad. werili unda Seicavdes myidvelis gancxadebas imis Sesaxeb, rom igi dainteresebulia miiRos monawileoba eleqtrogamanawilebeli kompaniebis pirdapiri miyidvis, an marTvis uflebiT gadacemis procesSi da rom mas aqvs eleqtrogamanawilebeli kompaniis operirebis gamocdileba, romelic 100 000 momxmarebels emsaxureba. xolo eleqtrogeneraciis obieqtebze tenderis SemTxvevaSi, myidvels moeTxoveba saTanado gamocdileba msgavsi simZlavris mqone hidro an Tboeleqtrosadguris operirebaSi. sakvalifikacio ganacxadi egzavneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis ministrs da meril linCs, rogorc finansur mrCevels eleqtroenergetikis seqtoris privatizaciis procesSi. winaswari, arasavaldebulo indikaturi SeTavazeba unda gaegzavnos "meril linCs" 2 ivlisamde da unda Seicavdes Semdeg informacias: Tanxa, romelsac gadaixdis pretendenti garigebis dasrulebisas da valebis odenoba, romelTa gadaxdasac kisrulobs myidveli; sainvesticio valdebulebebi (mocemuli aSS dolarebSi wlebis mixedviT pirveli 5 wlisaTvis); eleqtroenergiis tarifi, romelsac iTxovs pretendenti; nebismieri piroba, romelic SesaZloa moiTxovos myidvelma; damatebiTi informacia Sesasyidi obieqtis/obieqtebis samomavlo ganviTarebis gegmis Sesaxeb. eleqtrogamanawilebeli kompaniebis SemTxvevaSi myidvelma unda miuTiTos meTodi - marTvaSi gadacema 25 wlis vadiT, an pirdapiri miyidva. winaswari, arasavaldebulo winadadebebis ganxilvis Semdeg specialuri satendero komisia da "meril linCi" Camoayalibeben obieqtebis 2, an met jgufs. obieqtebi tenderze gamotanili ineba jgufebad. winaswari, arasavaldebulo winadadebebis Semotanisas investorebma unda gaiTvaliswinon dajgufebis maTTvis saukeTeso varianti. myidvelebs eqnebaT saSualeba ganixilon dajgufebebi specialur satendero komisiasTan da "meril linCTan". 1999 wlis 19 ivliss obieqtebis dajgufeba unda dasruldes. specialuri satendero komisia da "meril 62 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 privatizacia linCi" winaswari, arasavaldebulo winadadebebis safuZvelze gadawyveten Tu rogor gaasxvison TiToeuli eleqtrogamanawilebeli kompaniis aqciaTa sakontrolo paketi, pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT, Tu marTvaSi gadacemiT. saboloo SemoTavazeba unda daegzavnos sqms-s, xolo misi asli - "meril linCs". igi unda Seicavdes igive informacias, rac winaswari, arasavaldebulo winadadeba, aseve myidvelis finansuri uzrunvelyofis damadasturebel dokumentacias da organizaciis monacemebs, romelic axorcielebs garigebas. saboloo SemoTavazeba aseve unda Seicavdes saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier miwodebuli nasyidobis xelSekrulebis pretendentiseul variants. saboloo SemoTavazeba romelic ar akmayofilebs qvemoT CamoTvlil moTxovnebs, ar daeqvemdebareba ganxilvas. sakmarisi eleqtroenergiis miwodebis SemTxvevaSi gamanawilebelma kompaniam unda uzrunvelyos arsebuli tarifiT eleqtroenergiis 24-saaTiani miwodeba yvela gadamxdeli momxmareblisaTvis. saboloo SemoTavazebis warmodgenisas pretendenti werilobiT acxadebs, rom dauyovnebliv aRasrulebs xelSekrulebas im formiT, ra formiTac es xelSekruleba mas aqvs warmodgenili. xelSekrulebaSi pretendentis valdebuleba - aRasrulos garigeba, ar unda iyos damokidebuli dafinansebis wyaroebTan dakavSirebul viTarebaze. saboloo SemoTavazebas Tan unda axldes myidvelis mier garigebis aRsrulebisaTvis aucilebeli finansuri SesaZleblobis damadasturebeli werili. tenderSi gamarjvebulis gamovlena xdeba oTxi ZiriTadi kriteriumis mixedviT. esenia: aqciaTa paketisaTvis myidvelis mier SeTavazebuli safasuri; myidvelis mier warmodgenili sainvesticio valdebulebebi; eleqtroenergiis tarifis sidide; sqms-s mier warmodgenili nasyidobis an marTvis uflebis xelSekrulebaSi Setanili cvlilebebis moculoba. sxva kriteriumebi moicavs eleqtroenergetikuli seqtoris gardaqmnas msoflio standartebis Sesabamisad, axali teqnologiebis danergvis da kadrebis kvalifikaciis amaRlebis gziT da investoris valdebulebas gamoiyenos adgilobrivi kadrebi generaciis aqtivebis reabilitaciisa da modernizaciis procesSi. dadgenili ganrigis mixedviT, msurvelebs SeuZliaT daiwyon maTTvis saintereso obieqtebze arsebuli situaciis damoukidebeli gamokvlevis procesi 1999 wlis 17 maisidan. maT unda gaugzavnon winaswari, indikaturi winadadeba "meril linCs" 1999 wlis 2 ivlisamde. saboloo SemoTavazebebis miRebis oficialuri gamocxadeba dagegmilia 1999 wlis 19 ivliss. saboloo SemoTavazebebis warmodgenis saboloo vadaa 1999 wlis 20 agvisto, xolo garigebis daxurvis bolo vadaa 1999 wlis 20 seqtemberi. zemoT mocemuli ganrigi da moTxovnebi saSualebas miscems sqms-s iTanamSromlos potenciur investorebTan satendero procesis dawyebamde da ufro saguldagulod Seafasos maTi gamocdileba da finansuri SesaZlebloba. meores mxriv, potenciur investorebs meti dro eZlevaT tenderiT SemoTavazebuli obieqtebis gamosakvlevad da sqms-sTan da "meril linCTan" sxvadasxva sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad. obieqtebis jgufebad gasxviseba aseve ufro xelsayrelia potenciuri saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 63 privatizacia privatizacia myidvelisaTvis, romelic SesaZloa dainteresebulia eleqtroenergiis warmoebiT da ganawilebiT romelime gansazRvrul regionSi. ramodenime kompaniam ukve gamoxata tenderebSi monawileobis interesi da warmatebuli privatizacia SesaZloa qveyanaSi arsebuli eleqtroenergiiT momaragebis problemis dasasrulis dasawyisi gaxdes. mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia kvlavac progresirebs da sawarmoTa momavali Camoyalibebis procesSi myof meorad bazarze iqneba damokidebuli. rogorc Cans, saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis privatizacias mniSvnelovani gavlena aqvs mcire sawarmoTa privatizaciaze. saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis saaqcio sazogadoebebad Camoyalibebisa da restruqturizaciis dros adgili aqvs maTi nawilebis mcire sawarmoebad dafuZnebas, rac ganapirobebs saprivatizaciod axlad damtkicebuli an privatizebuli mcire sawarmoebis mudmivad mzard ricxvs. 1999 wlis 1 aprilis mdgomareobiT saprivatizaciod damtkicda 12 523 mcire sawarmo, xolo 13 148 faqtiurad privatizebulia. 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi 136 mcire sawarmo gadavida kerZo mflobelobaSi. cxrili 6.4: mcire sawarmoebis privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT (sqms (sqmssqms-s 3 klasifikacia), 1999 wlis 1 aprilis mdgomareobiT seqtori damtkicebuli mTlianad privatizebulis % privatizebuli privatizebuli 1999 wels mrewveloba 353 269 2.0 energetika 43 33 0.3 - 3 - purproduqtebi 140 99 0.8 soflis meurneoba da kvebis produqtebi 621 493 3.7 5 mSenebloba 240 284 2.2 3 sacalo da sabiTumo vaWroba 4,560 4,867 37.0 59 sayofacxovrebo momsaxureba 5,230 5,695 43.3 navTobproduqtebi 166 166 1.3 - jandacva 764 552 4.2 - socialuri sfero 287 569 4.3 transporti 119 121 0.9 12,523 13,148 100.0 sul 62 4 136 wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro meore kvartalSi saprivatizaciod damtkicebul mcire sawarmoTa ricxvi 12 711-mde gaizarda, xolo privatizebuli sawarmoebis raodenoba 13 538-s gautolda. rogorc naCvenebia 6.5 cxrilSi, 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 531 mcire sawarmo iqna privatizebuli. 3 imis gamo, rom aqcionirebis procesSi zogierTi sawarmo gaiyo, gayiduli sawarmoebis ricxvi SeiZleba aWarbebdes gasayidad damtkicebulTa ricxvs. mcire sawarmoTa sruli ricxvi, romelic moicavs saprivatizaciod damtkicebul mcire sawarmoebsac, ar aris cnobili. mcire sawarmoebad iTvleba isini, romelTa aqtivebis sabalanso Rirebuleba 1993 wlis 1 aprilisTvis 44 000 aSS dolars ar aRemateba. 64 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 privatizacia cxrili 6.5: mcire sa sawarmoebis warmoebis privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT (sqms (sqmssqms-s klasifikacia), 1999 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT seqtori damtkicebuli mTlianad privatizebulis % privatizebuli privatizebuli 1999 wels mrewveloba 367 273 2.0 energetika 43 34 0.3 7 purproduqtebi 140 99 0.7 soflis meurneoba da kvebis produqtebi 664 493 3.6 5 mSenebloba 257 287 2.1 6 1 - sacalo da sabiTumo vaWroba 4,568 4,951 36.6 153 sayofacxovrebo momsaxureba 5,308 5,961 44.1 333 navTobproduqtebi 168 168 1.2 2 jandacva 770 556 4.1 4 socialuri sfero 298 578 4.3 13 transporti 128 128 0.9 7 12,711 13,528 100.0 531 sul wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro mcire sawarmoTa umetesoba vaWrobisa da momsaxurebis sferoebs ganekuTvneba. statistikuri danarTis A6.4 cxrilis mixedviT, wlis pirvel naxevarSi privatizebul mcire sawarmoTa 80 procenti TbilisSia privatizebuli. aWaris avtonomiuri respublika kvlav CamorCeba sxva regionebs. am regionSi gasuli wlis Semdeg mcire sawarmoTa privatizebaSi progresi ar aRiniSneboda. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 65 Tavi meSvide. meSvide. dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa Sromis bazari 1998 wlidan ssd awarmoebs samuSao Zalis erovnul gamokvlevas (LFS-i), romelsac igi ukve meore welia axorcielebs Sso-sa da gaeros ganviTarebis programis daxmarebiT. amasTan, TandaTanobiT izrdeba Sromis bazris realur mdgomareobaze mopovebuli informaciis xarisxic. marTalia, adre mopovebuli monacemebis (ssd-s mimdinare SinameurneobaTa gamokvleva) da SedarebiT axali samuSao Zalis erovnuli gamokvlevis monacemebis Sedareba garkveulwilad gaZnelebulia da zogjer SeuZlebelic ki, miuxedavad amisa, gamokvlevis Sedegebi gvTavazobs metad mniSvnelovan informacias ekonomiurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis, umuSevrobis, samuSao Zalis miRma darCenili mosaxleobisa da samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficientis Sesaxeb. vinaidan TviTdasaqmebulTa registracia, iseve rogorc umuSevrobis registracia, kvlavac sirTules warmoadgens, samuSao Zalis erovnuli gamokvlevisa da ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebi informaciis yvelaze saimedo wyaroebad aris miCneuli. samuSao Zalis maCvenebelma, romelic 1998 wlis ganmavlobaSi klebas ganicdida da pirvel kvartalSi 2,3 milionidan meoTxe kvartalSi 2 milionamde Semcirda, 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi isev daiwyo mateba, Tumca arc Tu Zalian swrafi tempiT. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili imaze metyvelebs, rom es zrda TviTdasaqmebulTa da umuSevarTa ricxvis umniSvnelo matebiT aris ganpirobebuli; amasTan, daqiravebul muSakTa raodenoba mkveTrad ar Secvlila da miuxedavad imisa, rom saerTo tendencia gasuli wlebisTvis damaxasiaTebel sezonur faqtors asaxavs, wina wlis pirveli da meore kvartlis umuSevrobis maCveneblebi aSkarad Camouvardeba mimdinare wlis monacemTa cifrebs. agreTve, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom samuSao Zalis ricxvi gaizarda mosaxleobis garkveuli nawilis xarjze, romelic pirvelad, an xelmeored Sevida samuSao Zalis ricxvSi (anu aqtiurad daiwyo samuSaos Zebna), Tumca es sulac ar niSnavs, rom maT ueWvelad iSovnes samuSao. sainteresoa agreTve, rom 15 wlis asaks gadacilebuli saerTo mosaxleobisa da samuSao Zalis ricxvi kvartlidan kvartlamde meryeobs, xolo Sromis Zalis monawileobis koeficienti1 met-naklebad stabiluri rCeba da sul odnav meryeobs 66 procentTan axlos. 1 mocemul asakobriv jgufSi ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis (samuSao Zalis) Sefardeba am asakobrivi jgufis saerTo mosaxlobasTan. 66 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa cxrili 7.1: momuSaveTa da umuSevarTa raodenoba, samuSao Zala 1998 w. I kv. – 1999 w. II kv. (aTasi kaci) 1998 w. I kv. 1998 w. II kv. sul, 15 welze ufrosi asakis mosaxleoba 3, 099 3, 136 ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (1 ) ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (2 ) dasaqmebuli daqiravebuli TviT-dasaqmebuli umuSevari (1 ) umuSevari (2 ) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (1 ) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (2 ) 2 ,332 2 ,457 2, 101 714 1, 387 231 356 9.9 14.5 2, 462 2 ,555 2 ,283 737 1 ,546 179 272 7.3 10.6 1998 w. III kv. 3, 194 2,146 2,195 1,887 786 1,092 260 309 12.1 14.1 1998 w. IV kv. 3, 008 1,990 2,042 1,741 741 990 249 301 12.5 14.7 1999 w. I kv. 1999 w. II kv. 3, 032 3, 049 2, 018 2, 058 1, 725 737 973 2, 052 2, 093 1, 784 743 1, 023 292 333 14.5 16.2 268 308 13.0 14.7 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis samuSao Zalis gamokvlevis monacemebi SeniSvna: (1 ) Sso-s standartiT (2 ) Sso-s ,,Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT dasaqmebis kanonis Tanaxmad, sasoflo-sameurneo miwis yvela mflobeli (1, an meti heqtaris mflobeli da maTi ojaxis wevrebi) TviTdasaqmebulad iTvleba. es imis erT-erTi mizezia, rom Sso-s standartiT saerTo dasaqmebis 57 procenti, xolo saerTo samuSao Zalis 50 procentamde TviTdasaqmebis wilad modis. Tumca, TviTdasaqmebulTa ricxvi 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, 1998 wlis pirvel kvartalTan SedarebiT, 414 aTasiT Semcirda. magram suraTi, rogorc Cans, meordeba da iseve rogorc gasul wels (sezonuri faqtoris gamo), meore kvartalSi, pirvel kvartalTan SedarebiT, kvlav zrdis tendencia ikveTeba (marTalia, sul 50 aTasiT). rogorc Cans, umuSevrobis donis mateba TviTdasaqmebis klebiT aris ganpirobebuli, rac rTuli ekonomikuri mdgomareobis amsaxvelia. samuSao Zalis gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi xelfasze momuSaveTa ricxvma 737 aTasi Seadgina; aqedan 546,1 aTasi (anu samuSao Zalis 27 procenti) saxelmwifo seqtorze, xolo 146,1 aTasi (anu samuSao Zalis 7,2 procentamde) – kerZo seqtorze modioda. vinaidan, saxelmwifo seqtoris muSakebs xSirad araregularulad uxdidnen xelfass, zrdasruli mosaxleobis mxolod 146,1 aTass, anu 4,8 procents aqvs “stabiluri” samsaxuri, anu maT vinc daqiravebiT muSaobs kerZo seqtorSi. aSkaraa, rom TviTdasaqmebas udidesi nawili ukavia mTlian dasaqmebaSi. amasTan, 973 aTasidan TviTdasaqmebulTa umetesoba - 87,5 procenti - agrarul seqtorSi iyo dakavebuli; dasaqmebis kanonis debulebebs Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, es cifri moulodnelobas ar warmoadgens. danarCeni 121,4 aTasidan, TviTdasaqmebulTa 81,4 aTasi vaWrobisa da momsaxurebis seqtorze modis; aqedan umetesoba mxolod lukma-puris fuls Soulobda. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 67 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa nax. 7.1: 15 welze ufrosi mosaxleoba, 1999 w. II kv. samuSao Zalis gareT 34% umuSevari 9% saxelmwifo seqtorSi dasaqmebuli 19% kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebuli 5% TviTdasaqmebuli 33% wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis samuSao Zalis gamokvlevis monacemebi umuSevroba: registrirebuli da araregistrirebuli registraciaze dafuZnebuli umuSevrobis oficialuri maCvenebeli 1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis bolosTvis sul 5,5 procents Seadgenda, rac mxolod simbolur cifrs warmoadgens, vinaidan umuSevrobis registracias mosaxleobis Zalze mcire nawili miiCnevs saWirod. wlis pirveli naxevris bolos umuSevrobis erovnuli maCveneblis cifri, romelic ssd-s samuSao Zalis gamokvlevis Sedegad iqna miRebuli, Sso-s “mkacri” Sefasebis standartiT 13 procents, xolo Sso-s “Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT 14,7 procents Seadgenda (ix. nax. 8,1). (mas Semdeg, rac samuSao Zalis erovnuli gamokvlevis ganxorcieleba daiwyo, umuSevrobis yvelaze maRali done dafiqsirebul iqna 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi - Sso-s “mkacri” Sefasebis standartiT igi 14,5 procents, xolo Sso-s “Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT - 16,2 procents Seadgenda, “imedgacruebul” muSakTa ricxvis CaTvliT). magram umuSevrobis es maCveneblebi, romlebic saSualo erovnul cifrebs warmoadgenen, realur suraTs ver asaxaven (ix. statistikuri danarTis cxrili A7.1). realuri suraTi ki gviCvenebs, “mkacri” da “Serbilebuli” rom umuSevrobis maCvenebeli qalaqad Sso-s kriteriumebiT 24,8 da 27,6 procentia, xolo umuSevrobis maCveneblebi soflad metismetad optimisturia – 3,5 da 4 procenti. amasTan, qalaqad umuSevrobis maCvenebeli erTgvari ar aris: igi gansxvavdeba regionebis mixedviT da Tuki saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebSi umuSevrobis maCveneblebi dafiqsirebulia 19,4 da 22,4 procentze, yvelaze maRali done, rogorc yovelTvis, TbilisSi gamovlinda: Sso-s “mkacri” Sefasebis kriteriumiT – 30,9 procenti, xolo “imedgacruebul” muSakTa CaTvliT – 33,5 procenti. soflad miRebuli cifrebi agreTve arasrulad asaxaven realur mdgomareobas: soflis mosaxleobis didi nawili, romelic sasoflosameurneo miwiT sargeblobs da umuSevrobis kanonis Tanaxmad umuSevrad ar iTvleba, avtomaturad TviTdasaqmebulTa kategorias eqvemdebareba da amdenad, ufleba ara aqvs eZebos samsaxuri, sadac oficialurad miiRebs xelfass. saerTo samuSao Zalis naxevarze mets “TviTdasaqmebul fermerTa” wili Seadgens, rac umuSevrobis erovnul maCvenebelTa uzustobas iwvevs. 68 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1998 weli, #3 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa CanarTi 7.1 umuSevroba: Sso-s Sso s ganmarteba samuSao Zalis statistikis muSakTa me-13 saerTaSoriso konferenciis mier miRebul rezoluciaSi ekonomiurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis, dasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis statistikuri aRricxvis Sesaxeb, mocemulia umuSevrobis Semdegi ganmarteba (Jeneva, 1982 w.): termini “umuSevari” moicavs romelic ganxilvis periodSi2: garkveul asaks gadacilebul yvela pirs, • “samuSaos gareSea”, anu ar muSaobs anazRaurebad samsaxurSi, an TviTdasaqmebis seqtorSi da ganxilvis periodSi arc erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi ar yofila dakavebuli anazRaurebad samsaxurSi, an ar miuRia anazRaureba TviTdasaqmebidan (saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoeba gayidvis an barteruli gacvlis mizniT, an saqonlis warmoeba piradi moxmarebis mizniT). piradi moxmarebis mizniT momsaxurebis warmoeba TviTdasaqmebad ar ganixileba (mag. diasaxlisoba). • “mimdinare periodSi samsaxuris dawyeba SeuZlia”, ganxilvis periodSi SeuZlia daiwyos muSaoba anazRaurebad samsaxurSi, an TviTdasaqmebulia. • “eZebs samuSaos”, garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi miRebuli garkveuli zomebi xelfasiani samsaxuris Sovnis an TviTdasaqmebis mizniT. aqvs Sso-s “Serbilebuli” kriteriumis Tanaxmad, samuSaos aqtiurad Zieba aucilebel pirobas ar warmoadgens “imedgacruebul muSakTa” gasaTvaliswineblad, anu im pirTa gasaTvaliswineblad, romlebmac Sewyvites samuSaos aqtiuri Zebna. wyaro: International Labour Organization (1994) Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 53rd edition, ILO: Geneba, P. 483 umuSevrobis maCveneblisTvis damaxasiaTebelia sezonuri faqtoris sakmaod Zlieri gavlena. Cveulebriv, igi piks aRwevs zamTris periodSi rac, udaod, energodeficitiT aris ganpirobebuli, vinaidan bevri sawarmo ixureba zamTris periodSi, rodesac xSirdeba eleqtroenergiis gaTiSva. marTalia, samuSao Zalis gamokvleva ar uzrunvelyobs informacias umuSevrobis xangrZlivobis Taobaze, magram registrirebuli umuSevrobis oficialuri da araoficialuri monacemebidan gamomdinare, naTeli xdeba, rom bevri umuSevari samuSaos gareSe sakmaod didi periodis ganmavlobaSi imyofeba (magaliTad, 1999 w. pirveli naxevris mdgomareobiT, registrirebul umuSevarTa 50 procentze meti samuSaos gareSea sami da meti wlis ganmavlobaSi). didi xnis umuSevrobas mohyveba kvalifikaciis dakargva, samuSao Zalis miRma darCena, xolo momavalSi socialuri izolacia da socialuri gandgoma. 2 ssd-s samuSao Zalis gamokvlevisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli ganxilvis periodi erT kviras Seadgens. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 69 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa naTelia, rom umuSevroba zrdas ganagrZobs, xolo arasruli dasaqmeba, SeniRbuli umuSevroba3 da faruli umuSevroba4 kvlavac farTodaa gavrcelebuli; saxelmwifo seqtoris bevri muSaki mxolod simbolur xelfass Rebulobs da Tanac arasistematurad. amasTan, muSakTa didi nawili grZelvadian uxelfaso SvebulebaSia gaSvebulni. oficialuri statistikis Tanaxmad, mxolod 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, 37 300 adamiani iZulebuli gaxda gaurkveveli vadiT uxelfaso SvebulebaSi gasuliyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom muSakTa didi nawili, romelic am zemoaRniSnul kategoriebs ganekuTvneba, araformalur seqtorSi daqiravebul muSakTa an TviTdasaqmebulTa rigebs SeuerTda; bevri maTgani, Tavis sarCenad, kvlavac agrZelebs Semosavlis alternatiuli wyaroebis Zebnas. yofili saxelmwifo seqtoris zogierTi muSaki kerZo seqtorSi gadadis sadac, garkveuli zrdis miuxedavad, kerZo sawarmoebis umetesoba mcire firmebia da xSir SemTxvevaSi TviTdasaqmebas warmoadgens, gansakuTrebiT soflis meurneobaSi. matulobs rogorc pirvelad, aseve meorad samsaxurSi dakavebul muSakTa ricxvi araformalur seqtorSi, romlis wilad, ssd-s oficialuri monacemebiT, mSp-s 40 procenti modis; Tumca SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom es cifri arasakmarisad asaxavs realobas. araformaluri ekonomika ki ZiriTadad, gadarCenis erT-erTi saSualebaa, romelic TviTdasaqmebis Zalze arastabilur formas warmoadgens. xelfasebi 1999 wlis 4 ivnisis prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, oTxwliani intervalis Semdeg, minimaluri xelfasis cneba oficialurad xelaxla iqna SemoRebuli. mTels qveyanaSi, minimaluri xelfasis ganakveTi, am brZanebulebis Sesabamisad, dafiqsirebul iqna 20 larze TveSi, rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve kerZo seqtorSic. varaudoben, rom am RonisZiebis xarjze gaizrdeba sabiujeto Semosavlebi xelfasis dabegvridan, vinaidan, maSin rodesac daubegravi minimaluri Semosavali pirveladi dasaqmebidan, romelic TveSi 9 lars Seadgens, ucvleli rCeba, arc erTi oficialurad dasaqmebuli muSakis xelfasi oficialurad dawesebul minimumze, anu 20 larze TveSi, dabali ar iqneba. maSasadame, dabegvras minimaluri xelfasic ki daeqvemdebareba da amrigad, am brZanebulebaSi mocemuli ganmartebis Sesabamisad, yvela oficialuri damqiravebeli sawarmo da muSaki valdebulia xelfasidan gadasaxadebi gadaixados. qveyanaSi yvelaze dabal xelfasad adre sabiujeto organizaciis5 minimaluri xelfasi iTvleboda, romlis ganakveTi TveSi 18 larze iyo dafiqsirebuli. (Tumca, zogierTi muSakis xelfasi dabegvridan Tavisufal ganakveTs, anu 9 lars, ar aRemateboda). sabiujeto organizaciis muSakTa maqsimaluri xelfasi ucvleli darCeba da TveSi 66 lars Seadgens, xolo minimaluri xelfasi, prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, 2 lariT gaizrdeba da TveSi 20 lars gautoldeba. 1999 3 SeniRbuli an faruli umuSevroba umuSevrobis iseTi formaa, rodesac adamianebi, romelTac Sromis unari da survili gaaCniaT, ar gadian registracias umuSevarTa an samuSaos maZiebelTa kategoriiT, ris gamoc, umuSevrobis oficialur monacemebSi, maTi raodenoba ar aris warmodgenili. vidre umuSevrobis registraciis gasavlelad xalxs garkveuli stimuli ar miecema, umuSevrobis oficialuri cifri realurze mniSvnelovnad dabali iqneba. 4 faruli umuSevroba – viTareba romlis drosac, miuxedavad imisa, rom xalxi teqnikurad dasaqmebulia, mwarmoeblobis done Zalian umniSvneloa, an sulac nulovania (mag. gaberili Statebi). 5 sabiujeto organizacia ewodeba saxelmwifo organizacias, romlis dafinanseba saxelmwifo biujetis subsidiebiT xorcieldeba. 70 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1998 weli, #3 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa wlis 9 ivniss gamocemul Sromis kodeqsSi Setanili damatebebis Sesabamisad, 2000 wlis 1 ianvridan dagegmilia maRalmTian regionebSi sabiujeto organizaciebis muSakTa xelfasebis gaormageba (iseve, rogorc pensiebisa). mTeli qveynis masStabiT, daqiravebul muSakTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi 58,7 lars Seadgenda, rac 1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalTan SedarebiT, nominalur gamosaxulebaSi, 2,3 procentiT naklebia, xolo 1998 wlis pirvel kvartalTan SedarebiT nominalurma klebam 9,7 procenti Seadgina. 1999 wlis meore kvartalSi daqiravebul muSakTa saSualo Tviuri xelfasi kvartlis ganmavlobaSi 15 procentiT gaizarda da 68,6 lars miaRwia, rac wliuri zrdis 8,6 procents Seadgens. 1998 wlis meore kvartalSi saSualo Tviuri xelfasi oTxsuliani ojaxis minimaluri saarsebo donis 35,4 procents Seadgenda; 1999 wlis meore kvartlis bolos, nominaluri zrdis miuxedavad (4,6 lariT), misi wili saSualo ojaxis minimalur saarsebo doneSi 32,8 procentamde Semcirda. maSin, rodesac nominaluri xelfasebi Zalze mcire zrdas asaxaven, realuri xelfasebi, inflaciis Sedegad, vardnas agrZeleben. ganakveTma, romelmac, inflaciis “minimaluri normatiuli xelfasis”6 stiqiuri zrdis Sedegad, 1998 wlis dekembers 50,6 lars miaRwia, mTels qveyanaSi kvlav kleba daiwyo da jer, 1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis bolos, igi saSualo (oTxsuliani) ojaxisTvis TveSi 49,5 lars Seadgenda, xolo Semdeg, 1999 wlis meore kvartlis mdgomareobiT, 47,9 laramde iqna Semcirebuli. 1999 wlis meore kvartlis bolos normatiul minimalur xelfasSi minimaluri xelfasis wili (ivnisSi dawesebuli 20 lari) 41,8 procents Seadgenda. xelfasebze davalianeba kvlavac xelfasebze davalianebebis dinamikas. grovdeboda. momdevno cxrili asaxavs cxrili 7.2: xelfasebis davalianeba, 1999 w. agvistos mdgomareobiT (milioni lari ) periodi 1998 w. 1999 w. I kv. 1999 w. II kv. xelfasebisAdagroxelfasebisAdagrovili davalianeba, periodis bolos mdgomareobiT 55.9 89.9 127.8 Oaqedan sabiujeto organizaciebis xelfasebis davalianeba n.a. 27.9 45.9 xelfasebisAdagroxelfasebisAdagrovili davalianeba, periodis ganmavlobaSi 55.9 50.6 33.1 Oaqedan sabiujeto organizaciebis xelfasebis davalianeba n.a. 14.8 16.5 wyaro: monacemebi statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis Tviuri angariSidan SeniSvna: n.a. niSnavs rom monacemebi xelmisawvdomi ar aris Semosavlebis ganawileba da moxmarebis struqtura ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvleva, romelic 1996 wlis meore kvartlidan mimdinareobs da mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT 5 200 Sinameurneobas moicavs, warmoadgens sakmaod vrcel da saimedo informaciis wyaros SinameurneobaTa Semosavlis ganawilebisa da moxmarebis modelebis Sesaxeb. monacemTa struqtura drodadro ganicdis cvlilebebs, gamokvlevis Sedegebis daxvewis mizniT. miuxedavad saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 71 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa imisa, rom sxvadasxva drois monacemTa Sedareba garTulebulia, es monacemebi Zalze mravalferovani da sainteresoa. gamokvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi SinameurneobaTa xarjebis Sesaxeb, SinameurneobaTa biujetis da Semosavlebis ganawilebis sakmaod realur suraTs asaxavs da igi, Semosavlebze miRebul monacemTagan gansxvavebiT, ufro sandoa. vinaidan, saSualo erovnuli monacemebi Cveulebriv srulad ver asaxaven realur suraTs, saintereso iqneba SinameurneobaTa biujetebSi arsebuli sxvaobebis Seswavla qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleobas Soris (cxrilebi 7.3 da 7.4). Semosavlebis ganawilebis gaangariSebisas, realuri suraTis misaRebad saWiroa, rogorc fuladi, aseve arafuladi Semosavlis gaTvaliswineba. miuxedavad imisa, rom Zalze mwiri Semosavlebis mqone ojaxebi, rogorc soflad, aseve qalaqadac, cdiloben kompensacia arafuladi Semosavlebis xarjze moaxdinon aSkaraa, rom SinameurneobaTa biujetSi arafuladi Semosavlebis roli soflad ufro mniSvnelovania da xarjebis modelebSic aisaxeba – Tuki qalaqad arafuladi xarjebis wili mTlian xarjebSi 6,2 procents Seadgenda, 1998 wels, soflad SinameurneobaTa xarjebis 30 procentamde arafulad Semosavlebze modioda. amave dros, qalaqebSi saerTo xarjebi 17,8 procentiT meti iyo vidre soflad. Tuki, qalaqad SinameurneobaTa kvebaze xarjebis wili saerTo xarjebis TiTqmis naxevars Seadgens, soflad SinameurneobaTa danaxarji sursaTze saerTo xarjebis mxolod 31,7 procents Seadgens. amasTan, sainteresoa, rom kvebis produqtebze SinameurneobaTa danaxarjis wili SinameurneobaTa saerTo fulad xarjebSi, rogorc qalaqad, aseve sofladac, axlos dgas erTmaneTTan (Sesabamisad, 54,2 da 52,4 procenti). saSualod, medikamentebze danaxarji, absolutur gamosaxulebaSi, soflad TiTqmis orjer naklebia, vidre qalaqad (Sesabamisad, mTliani danaxarjis 1,8 da 2,4 procenti). ganaTlebis, kulturisa da dasvenebis TvalsazrisiT, mdgomareoba sofelsa da qalaqs Soris arsebuli uTanabrobis kidev ufro maRal dones asaxavs: am kategoriaSi, qalaqad SinameurneobaTa danaxarji, absolutur gamosaxulebaSi 2,6 procentiT aRemateba SinameurneobaTa danaxarjs soflad (Sesabamisad, saerTo xarjebis 1,4 da 3,1 procenti). 6 “minimaluri normatiuli xelfasi”, sxva SemosavlebTan Sinameurneobas (4-sulian ojaxs) minimaluri saarsebo doniT. 72 erTad, unda uzrunvelyofdes saSualo saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1998 weli, #3 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa cxrili 7.3: erTi Sinameurneobis saSualo Tviuri xarjebi, 1998 w. (lari) xarjeb i qal aqad sofl ad saSual od sursaTze 112.2 62.5 sasmelze 1.9 1.0 1.5 Tambaqos nawarmze 3.5 2.8 3.2 89.3 tansacmelsa da fexsacmelze 12.8 8.6 10.9 saojaxo moxmarebis saqonelze 20.4 15.8 18.2 5.7 3.5 4.7 saTbobsa da eleqtroenergiaze 13.2 10.4 11.9 transportze 16.7 7.3 5.1 2.8 11.4 5.2 janmrTelobis dacvaze ganaTleba, kulturasa da dasvenebaze sxva samomxmareblo xarjebi 7.8 3.9 6.0 206. 9 119. 2 166. 5 sasoflo-sameurneo xarjebi 0.6 6.7 3.4 transfertebze 0.7 0.5 0.6 15.4 14.1 14.8 samomxmarebl o xarjebi , sul dazogvaze an gasesxebaze sxva gasavl eb i , sul ful adi xarjeb i , sul araful adi xarjebi xarjeb i , sul 16. 6 20. 8 18. 5 220. 9 13 7. 9 182. 6 14. 6 59. 0 35.1 23 5 . 6 196. 9 217. 7 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis SinameurneobaTa gamokvleva rogorc zemoT iqna aRniSnuli, miuxedavad imisa, rom SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebis gamokvlevebis SedegebisTvis, Cveulebriv, damaxasiaTebelia arasruli Sefaseba, isini uzrunvelyofen informacias Semosavlebis struqturis Sesaxeb, romlis mopoveba, moxmarebis monacemTa mixedviT, SeuZlebelia. zemoT da qvemoT moyvanili cxrilebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebisa da xarjebis ganawilebis zogadi modelebi qalaqad da soflad erTmaneTisgan ar gansxvavdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom fuladi Semosavali qalaqad ufro maRalia, vidre soflad (rogorc absolutur, agreTve fardobiT gamosaxulebaSi) amis kompensacia arafuladi Semosavlebis xarjze xdeba. amave dros, arafuladi Semosavlebi (da xarjebi) SedarebiT “koncentrirebulia” soflis mosaxleobaSi. erTi Sinameurneobis saSualo mTliani Semosavalis maCvenebeli soflad ufro maRalia, vidre qalaqad. amasTan, SinameurneobaTa saerTo xarjebis maCvenebeli qalaqad ufro maRalia vidre soflad. is faqti, rom gamokvlevis respodentTa Cvenebebi SemosavalTan dakavSirebiT bevrad Camouvardeba moxmarebis maCveneblebs, imaze miuTiTebs, rom aralegalur saqmianobas sakmaod didi wili ukavia SinameurneobaTa SemosavlebSi. erTis mxriv, “soflis meurneobaSi TviTdasaqmebas” Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, bunebrivia, rom arafuladi Semosavali soflad bevrad aRemateba arafulad Semosavals qalaqad. meores mxriv, gamokvlevis Sedegad miRebuli maCveneblebis Tanaxmad, soflad SinameurneobaTa saSualo Tviuri Semosavali, erT TviTdasaqmebulze gaangariSebiT, 9,1 lars Seadgens (an maTi mTliani Semosavlis sul 5,3 procents), rac gviCvenebs, rom TviTdasaqmebas soflad metismetad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 73 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa cxrili 7.4: SinameurneobaTa saSualo Tviuri Semosavlebi 1998 w. (procenti) Semosavlebi qalaqad daqiravebuli Sromidan 59.59 TviTdasaqmebidan soflad 19.01 saSualod 40.85 32.61 9.11 21.76 soflis meurneobis produqciis gayidvidan 2.24 41.73 20.47 qonebidan (gaqiravebidan, procenti anabridan da sxva) 0.94 0.30 0.64 pensiebi, stipendiebi, daxmarebebi 9.61 9.06 9.36 ucxoeTidan miRebuli gzavnileba 4.94 3.18 4.13 axloblebisagan miRebuli fuli 8.38 3.11 5.95 fuladi Semosavlebi da transfertebi, sul 118.29 qonebis gayidva fulis sesxeba an danazogis gamoyeneba sxva fuladi saxsrebi, sul fuladi saxsrebi, sul arafuladi Semosavlebi fuladi da arafuladi saxsrebi, sul 85.51 103.16 8.09 12.35 10.06 13.38 14.36 13.83 21.47 26.71 23.89 139.55 112.01 126.84 14.63 58.95 35.08 154.07 189.70 170.52 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis SinameurneobaTa gamokvleva im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu respodentTa pasuxebis uzustobas gaviTvaliswinebT, ris gamoc Semosavlebis monacemebi naklebad sandoa, aSkara xdeba rom, xelfasze momuSaveTa Semosavlebi, saSualod, 1998 wlis minimalur saarsebo doneebze bevrad dabalia (Sesabamisad, qalaqad da soflad SinameurneobaTa saarsebo minimumis 28,5 da 9,1 procenti). SinameurneobaTa ver aRwevs minimalur saarsebo dones: saSualo ojaxis mTliani Semosavali soflad saarsebo minimumis 81,7 procents, xolo qalaqad - sul 73,6 procents Seadgens. minimaluri saarsebo done oficialuri minimaluri saarsebo done, romelsac ssd sistematurad aqveynebs, eyrdnoba 2 500 kaloriis Semcvel samomxmareblo kalaTas erTi momuSavesaTvis da gaangariSebulia saqarTvelos 6 mTavar qalaqSi moqmedi fasebis safuZvelze. amJamad, minimaluri saarsebo donis gaangariSeba moxda Zveli sabWoTa epoqis droindel meTodze dayrdnobiT, romelic SemoRebul iqna 1991 wels. 1996 wlis ivlisSi ssd-ma wamoiwyo SinameurneobaTa gamokvleva7, romelic dResac mimdinareobs da romlis mizania SinameurneobaTa biujetis Sesaxeb monacemTa Segroveba, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes siRaribis maCvenebelTa gansazRvra da realuri minimaluri saarsebo doneebis dasadgenad saWiro monacemTa bazis Seqmna. dResdReobiT xelTarsebuli SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis Sedegebi SesaZlebels xdis minimalur saarsebo doneTa gaangariSebis meTodis SecvlasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaos dawyebas. am sakiTxis ganxilva ukve ramodenime welia mimdinareobs da gadawyvetas saWiroebs vinaidan, SinameurneobaTa moxmarebis struqtura da modelebi, am ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi, garkveul cvlilebebs ganicdidnen. 19 agvistos, mTavrobis sxdomaze miRebuli gadawyvetileba “saarsebo minimumis gaangariSebis meTodikaSi cvlilebebis Setanisa da misi gadaangariSebis Sesaxeb” - ganxorcielebuli samuSaos logikuri Sedegi iyo. dReisaTvis SemuSavebul iqna da amJamad ganxilvaSia 7 mimdinare SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevas msoflio samsaxurTan TanamSromlobis gziT xorcieldeba. 74 banki afinansebs da igi kanadis statistikur saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1998 weli, #3 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa prezidentis brZanebulebis proeqti “saarsebo minimumis gansazRvrisa da gamoyenebis Sesaxeb”. ssd-s gaangariSebuli aqvs “alternatiuli” saarsebo minimumi8 sxvadasxva meTodebze dayrdnobiT. Tumca, axali meTodebis gamoyenebamde, saarsebo minimumis Sesaxeb 1997 wlis aprilSi miRebuli kanonis Sesabamisad, samomxmareblo kalaTis Semadgenloba unda damtkicebul iqnas jandacvis saministros mier9, xolo axali meTodis damtkiceba da SemoReba prezidentis brZanebulebis safuZvelze unda moxdes. dResdReobiT, ssd agrZelebs minimaluri saarsebo doneebis gamoqveynebas im meTodis safuZvelze, romelsac igi 1991 wlidan iyenebda. ssd–s monacemTa Tanaxmad, 1999 wlis meore kvartlis mdgomareobiT, minimaluri saarsebo doneebi Seadgenda: 120 lars erTi momuSavisTvis, 105,5 lars saSualo momxmareblisTvis da saSualod 209,3 lars - oTxsuliani ojaxisTvis rac saSualod wliuri zrdis 14,1 procents Seadgens, xolo wina kvartlis bolosTan SedarebiT, 3,5 procentian klebas asaxavs. (1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis bolos, minimaluri saarsebo done, gasul welTan SedarebiT, saSualod, 19,3 procentiT, xolo 1998 wlis pirvel kvartalTan SedarebiT 18,7 procentiT maRali iyo. es doneebi Sesabamisad Seadgendnen: 124,4 lars erTi momuSavisTvis, 109,2 lars saSualo momxmareblisTvis da 216,5 lars oTxsuliani ojaxisTvis). rogorc yovelTvis, minimaluri saarsebo done TbilisSi erovnul saSualo doneze maRali iyo. maSin rodesac, minimalur saarsebo doneebSi momxdari kvartaluri cvlilebebi, Cveulebriv, fasebis sezonur cvlilebebs asaxaven, wliur monacemTa Sedareba fasebSi da inflaciis doneSi momxdar zogad cvlilebebze miuTiTebs. momdevno nax. 7.2 asaxavs laris kursis gaufasurebas, romelic 1998 wlis bolos daiwyo da mTeli aprilis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda mis Semdgom matebamde. (savaluto kursis cvlilebebi ix. meoTxe TavSi). nax. 7.2: oficialuri oficialuri minimaluri saarsebo done erovnul fasebze dayrdnobiT 250 saSualo momxmarebeli oTxkaciani ojaxi momuSave pirovneba lari/mln kuponi 200 150 100 50 0 ian apr ivl oqt ian- apr ivl oqt ian96 97 apr ivl oqt ian98 apr ivl oqt ian- apr ivl 99 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebi SeniSvna: 1996 w. ivlisamde mxolod TbilisisTvis, ivlisis Semdeg saqarTvelosTvis 1995 w. seqtembridan larebSi 8 “alternatiuli” saarsebo minimumis Sesaxeb ufro vrceli informacia sem-is momdevno gamocemaSi SegiZliaT ixiloT. 9 arCevnebis Semdeg – jamnrTelobis dacvisa da socialuri uzrunvelyofis saministro. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 75 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistem sistema a miuxedavad imisa, rom 1996 wlidan miRweul iqna ekonomikis stabilizacia da progresi im reformebis ganxorcielebaSi, romlebic miznad isaxavdnen socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis efeqturobisa da mizanmimarTulobis gaumjobesebas, sistema dResac ar warmoadgens Raribi mosaxleobis dacvis srulyofil meqanizms. mTeli rigi miRebuli zomebis miuxedavad, romlebic mimarTuli iyo Zalze mwiri sabiujeto resursebis mizanmimarTulobis gaumjobesebaze, sistema jerac ver axerxebs pensionerTa moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas da siRatakis aRmofxvras. jer kidev didi gzaa gasavleli, vidre sagadasaxado Semosavlebis Segrovebis meqanizmi saTanadod daixveweba da uzrunvelyofs Tundac esoden mcire pensiebisa da metad SezRuduli socialuri daxmarebebis droulad gacemas da maTi ganakveTebis gazrdis SesaZleblobas. sapensio davalianebaTa gadaxda ki SesaZlebeli gaxdeba mxolod xelfasebze dagrovili davalianebebis dafarvis Semdeg. saxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba saxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebis programam, romelmac 1998 wels e.w. ojaxuri daxmarebis programa Secvala (igi, registrirebul umuSevarTa CaTvliT, gaWirvebulTa SedarebiT farTo jgufs moicavda), SemoRebisTanave daiwyo davalianebebis dagroveba da kvlavac Zalian arasistematur xasiaTs atarebs. saojaxo daxmareba gauqmebul iqna im mizeziT, rom saxelmwifo biujeti mis dafinansebas ver wvdeboda. amrigad, gadawyda socialuri daxmarebis mimRebTa kriteriumis Secvla rac, erTis mxriv, xels Seuwyobs sabiujeto saxsrebis ufro mizanmimarTulad gamoyenebas mosaxleobis yvelaze gaWirvebuli nawilis dasaxmareblad xolo, meores mxriv, daxmarebis drouli gacema ufro realuri gaxdeba. saxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba mimarTulia ukiduresad gaWirvebul ojaxTa mxolod erT kategoriaze: martoxela aramomuSave pensionerebze, romelTac oficialuri marCenali ara hyavT da faqtobrivad, warmoadgens erTgvar damatebas, romelsac xandazmulTa yvelaze daucveli nawili simbolur pensiebTan erTad miiRebs10. 1999 wlis 29 ianvris prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebis odenoba erTsuliani ojaxisTvis 9 laridan 18 laramde gaizarda da, Tuki 1998 wels orsuliani ojaxis TiToeul wevrs 7 lari, xolo sam da met suliani ojaxis TiToeul wevrs 5 laris odenobis daxmareba unda mieRo – dRes, aseTi ojaxebisTvis, aRniSnuli brZanebulebiT, gaTvaliswinebuli daxmarebis odenoba 29 lars Seadgens. amave brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, am mizniT 1999 wlis biujetSi dagegmili iyo 14,3 milioni laris gamoyofa. saojaxo daxmarebis saxiT, 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi gacemul iqna sul 2 milioni lari, rac dagegmilze bevrad naklebia. mTavrobas dResac gaaCnia socialuri daxmarebis mimRebTa davalianeba 8 milioni laris odenobiT 1998 wlidan da kidev saojaxo daxmarebis davalianeba 1997 wlidan, romelic 7 milion lars aRemateba. Zvel davalianebas axali valebic emateba. socialuri uzrunvelyofisa da dasaqmebis saministros monacemebiT, dRes saxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebis mimRebTa ricxvi 56 kacs aRemateba (rac pensionerTa sul 6,2 procents Seadgens). 10 1998 wlis dasawyisSi SemoRebul iqna agreTve sxva saxis socialuri daxmareba: gaWirvebuli ojaxebisTvis (yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevis safuZvelze) gaTvaliswinebuli erTjeradi daxmareba, romlis wliuri limiti ar aRemateba 60 lars ojaxze. socialuri uzrunvelyofisa da dasaqmebis saministros monacemebiT, misi gacema Zalze iSviaTad xdeba. 76 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1998 weli, #3 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa iseT pirobebSi, rodesac faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia daxmarebis mimRebTa dasadgenad Semosavlebis Semowmebis11 Catareba, logikuri iqneba daxmarebis potenciur mimRebTa kategoriebis gansazRvra. saxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebis mizanmimarTuli gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, RaribTa ojaxebis yvelaze daucveli kategoriis dasaxmareblad mainc (rac, uRaribesi deciluri jgufis sul 12 procents Seadgens), daxmarebis gacemis SesaZlebloba ufro realuri unda yofiliyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom socialur daxmarebas 1999 wlis biujetSi prioritetuli mniSvneloba mieniWa, aSkaraa, rom am daxmarebis gacema TandaTanobiT SeuZlebeli xdeba. metad optimisturi iqneboda imis varaudi, rom xelfasebze da pensiebze davalianebebiT damZimebuli saxelmwifo biujeti, romlis Sevseba mwiri sagadasaxado Semosavlebis gamo ar xerxdeba, momavalSi gawvdeba socialuri daxmarebis12 droulad gacemas. umuSevarTa daxmareba 1999 wlis seqtembridan, prezidentis brZanebulebis Sesabamisad, umuSevrobis daxmareba 1 lariT gaizarda da dRes standartuli Tviuri umuSevrobis Semweoba Seadgens 14 lars umuSevrobis pirveli ori TvisTvis, 12 lars Semdgomi ori da 11 lars bolo ori TvisTvis. dRes-dReobiT, umuSevrobis daxmareba, faqtobrivad, umuSevarTa minimalur Semweobas13 warmoadgens. es simboluri Tanxaa (TveSi daaxloebiT 6,5 aSS dolaris eqvivalents), romlis gacema sistematurad gviandeba; amasTan, am daxmarebis misaRebad rTuli oficialuri proceduris gavlaa saWiro. Sesabamisad, registrirebuli umuSevrobis maCvenebeli naklebad asaxavs realur suraTs, vinaidan SeniRbuli umuSevroba farTodaa gavrcelebuli. garda amisa, moqmedi kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs umuSevrobis daxmarebis gacemas registrirebuli umuSevrobis mxolod pirveli eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi. amitom, umuSevrobis Semweoba erovnuli masStabiT mxolod 2 000 adamians eZleva, risTvisac yovelTviurad 25 000 laria saWiro. umuSevrobis fondi, amasTan dakavSirebiT mudmiv sirTuleebs ganicdis xelfasidan gadasaxadebis Segrovebis sakmaod dabali donis gamo, rac, xelfasebze davalianebebis pirobebSi, sakmaod bunebrivia da imaze miTumetes, rom igi ukve qronikul movlenaSi gadaizarda. 1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis bolos mdgomareobiT, umuSevrobis Semweobas sul 1 976 kaci, anu registrirebul umuSevarTa 2 procenti, iRebda. viTareba, faqtobrivad, ucvleli darCa da oficialurad Semweobis mimRebTa ricxvma kvlavac 2 000 kaci Seadgina anu, 1999 wlis meore kvartlis mdgomareobiT, mis wilad registrirebul umuSevarTa sul 2 procenti modis. 11 Semosavlebis Semowmeba – aris meTodi, romelsac iyeneben imis dasadgenad aRemateba Tu ara ganacxadis SemomtanTa an daxmarebis savaraudo mimRebTa Semosavlebi da saxsrebi garkveul dones. 12 Cveulebriv, es daxmareba Senatanebze dafuZnebuli ar aris da gaTvaliswinebulia maTTvis, visac sxva saarsebo saSualeba ar gaaCnia. 13 umuSevrobis Semweoba aris daxmareba, romelic eZleva iZulebiT umuSevar pirebs; imaT, vinc arc erTi saxis samuSaos ar asrulebs da gaTvaliswinebuli minimaluri periodis ganmavlobaSi monawileobda umuSevarTa uzrunvelyofis sqemaSi. saqarTveloSi, umuSevrobis Semweoba agreTve ekuTvnis im pirebs, vinc pirvelad daiwyo samuSaos Zebna. Semweobis miRebis yvela kandidatma unda gaiaros registracia, rogorc umuSevarma. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 77 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa sapensio sistema sapensio sistemaSi mimdinare reformebis ganxorcieleba axlo momavalSi miznad isaxavs ukiduresad SezRuduli resursebis ganawilebas SeZlebisdagvarad 13 efeqturad da samarTlianad; amasTan, saWiroa saxelmwifo pay as you go (PAYG) sistemis gamtkiceba axali kerZo sqemebiT. amJamad, sapensio sistema PAYG-s safuZvelze funqcionirebs da pensiebis gacema xdeba saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondidan, romelic dResdReobiT erTaderT sapensio fonds warmoadgens da xandazmul pensionerTa udides nawils uzrunvelyobs Tanabari dafiqsirebuli odenobis pensiebiT. fondis Sevseba xdeba xelfasis dabegvridan14 Semosuli Tanxebis xarjze; garda amisa, gadasaxadebis mokrebis dabali donisa da gadamxdelTa daumorCileblobis Sedegad (anu imis gamo, rom gadamxdelebi cdiloben gverdi auaron gadasaxadebs), fondSi arsebuli garRvevebis Sesavsebad iyeneben gadaricxvebs saxelmwifo biujetidanac. amJamad, sapensio sistema, romelic mwvave finansur kriziss ganicdis, agrZelebs davalianebebis dagrovebas: 1998 wlis sapensio davalianeba 49 milion lars aRemateboda, xolo seqtembris dasawyisis mdgomareobiT, mas 1999 wlidan kidev 26 milioni laris davalianeba daemata. saxelmwifo biujetidan arasakmarisi odenobiT da arasistematurad miRebuli gadaricxvebis gamo ar xerxdeba mwiri sagadasaxado bazis “Sevseba” da igi yovelTvis bevrad Camouvardeba dagegmils. xelfasis davalianeba, garkveul wilad, arTulebs xelfasidan gadasaxadebis Segrovebas. rogorc yovelTvis, pensiebis miwodebis mxriv, SedarebiT ukeTesi mdgomareoba aRiniSneba TbilisSi, foTsa da sxva ramodenime msxvil qalaqSi. agvistoSi, danarCeni Tveebisgan gansxvavebiT, pensionerebma, droulad miiRes Tviuri pensia, ramac maTi didi gakvirveba gamoiwvia. mTavrobas dagegmili hqonda gasuli wlis sapensio davalianebis dafarva 1999 wlis mesame kvartlis bolomde. jerjerobiT es ar momxdara. 13 sapensio sistema, romlis drosac wlis ganmavlobaSi pemsionerebisTvis pensiebis dafinanseba xdeba imave wels momuSaveTa xelfasidan Segrovili gadasaxadebidan. 14 saxelmwifo socialuri uzrunvelyofis gaerTianebuli fondis (sgsuf) Semosavals Seadgenen muSakTa xelfasidan gadasaxadebis ganakveTebi: sabiujeto organizaciebisTvis – nominaluri xelfasis 26 procenti, sxva tipis damqiravebeli organizaciebisTvis – 27 procenti, xolo daqiravebuli muSakisTvis – 1 procenti. 78 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1998 weli, #3 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa cxrili 7.5: saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondis mier pensiebis gadaxda (1999 w. I nax. ) 1999 w. I nax. gadaxdili gadasaxdeli erTi kacis mier daxmarebebis Tanxa raodenoba (aTasi lari ) saSualod miRebuli Tanxa Sromis omis veteranebis da invalidebis omis veteranTa qvrivebis socialuri personaluri sul pensiebi 750,410 66,743 13,447 69,289 6,432 906,3 21 43,631.1 38,743.0 811.5 347.0 530.0 84,062. 6 9.7 96.7 10.1 0.8 13.7 15. 5 wyaro: saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondi SeniSvna: Sromis pensiea aris pensia, romelic gaicema garkveuli wlebis muSaobis Semdeg, metwilad 65 wlamde. socialuri pensia gaiecema maTze, vinc sapensio asaks miaRwia. personaluri pensiea gaicema gansakuTrebuli miRwevebisaTvis. cxrilSi mocemuli pensionerTa saerTo raodenoba oficialurad registrirebulze odnav maRalia, vinaidan igi aseve asaxavs 1998 wels gadaxdil wina periodis davalianebebs. dResdReobiT, erTaderT sapensio sistemas pay-as-you-go sapensio saxelmwifo sistema warmoadgens, romelic Tavis funqcias arc Tu ise warmatebiT asrulebs, rogorc xandazmulTa socialuri dacvis sistema. igi pensionerTa udides nawils Tanabari odenobis simboluri pensiebiT uzrunvelyobs (daaxloebiT 7,5 aSS dolaris eqvivalenti). imis varaudi, rom davalianebebiT damZimebuli sapensio sistema SeZlebs yvelasTvis sapensio ganakveTis gazrdas, iseTi ekonomikis pirobebSi, romelic aseTi xasiaTdeba, metismetad ukiduresad dabali damokidebulebis koeficientiT16 optimisturi iqneboda. aramomuSave pensionerTa, anu sapensio daxmarebis mimRebTa, saerTo ricxvi 1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis bolosTvis 906,3 aTass Seadgenda, xolo xelfasidan gadasaxadebis realur gadamxdelTa ricxvi, anu daqiravebul muSakTa raodenoba - 743 aTass. es gadamxdelTa da daxmarebis mimRebTa Soris aramdgradi 1:1.2 Sefardebis amsaxvelia (sistema kargadaa dabalansebuli da qmediTunariania, rodesac Sefardeba aris 3:1). amasTan dasaSvebia, rom xelfasidan gadasaxadebis gadamxdelTa garkveuli wili gverds uvlis gadasaxadebis gadaxdas. laparakic ki zedmetia, rom sazogadoebis mier gadasaxadebis gadaxdis saWiroebis gacnobierebisa da gadasaxadebis mokrebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, saWiroa samarTaldamcavi meqanizmebis Semdgomi gaumjobeseba. rodesac xelfasis done dabalia da ar arsebobs raime kavSiri mimdinare Senatanebsa da momaval upiratesobebs Soris, mosaxleobis dasaqmebuli nawilisTvis gadasaxadebis gadasaxdelad saWiro stimuli ar arsebobs. SedarebiT maRali sagadasaxado ganakveTi uaryofiTad moqmedebs gadasaxadebis gadaxdaze: didi ganakveTis gamo sawarmoebi cdiloben Tavi aaridon gadasaxadebs. kidev erTi problema, romlis winaSec dgas sapensio sistema warmodgenilia dabali Canacvlebis koeficientiT17. saSualo pensia daqiravebul muSakTa saSualo Tviuri xelfasis sul raRac 20 procents Seadgens. dRes, Tviuri pensiebi (1998 wlis 1 noembridan, prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, pensiebi, iseve, rogorc sxva daxmarebebi da sabiujeto organizaciebis xelfasebi 1 lariT gaizarda) Seadgens 14 lars xandazmulTa didi nawilisTvis, 18 lars omis veteranTa qvrivebisaTvis da 35-45 lars omis veteranTa da invalidebisTvis. yoveli Tviuri pensiidan 1,8 lari pirdapir saqenergos ericxeba eleqtroenergiis gadasaxadebis Segrovebis gaumjobesebis mizniT; Tumca, omis 16 17 pensionerTa ricxvis procentuli Sefardeba dasaqmebulTa ricxvTan. saSualo pensiis Sefardeba saSualo xelfasTan. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 79 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa veteranebi sargebloben SeRavaTiT da eleqtroenergiaze dawesebuli standartuli tarifis mxolod 50 procents ixdian. maRalmTian raionebSi, 2000 wlis 1 ianvridan dagegmilia sabiujeto organizaciebSi momuSaveTa pensiebis gaormageba (da aseve xelfasebisac) da maRalmTian regionebSi mudmivad mcxovreb, an aranakleb 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi momuSaveTa sapensio asakis Semcireba 5 wliT. nax. 7.3: moxucebulobis pensia da sabiujeto organizaciis muSakis minimaluri xelfasi rogorc minimaluri saarsebo saarsebo donis procenti 25 20 minimaluri xelfasi sabiujetoorganizacieb Si moxucebulobis pensia % 15 10 5 0 ianv- apr 96 ivl oqt ianv- apr 96 ivl oqt ianv- apr 97 ivl oqt ianv- apr 98 ivl oqt ian99 apr ivl wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebi SeniSvna: 1996 w. ivlisamde mxolod TbilisisTvis, ivlisis Semdeg saqarTvelosTvis dawyebul iqna damokidebulebis dabal koeficientTan dakavSirebuli problemebis mogvarebaze muSaoba: 1995 wels Sewyda pensiebis gacema momuSave pensionerebze (es daaxloebiT, 65 000 adamiania, anu pensionerTa saerTo ricxvis 6,7 procenti), sapensio asaki gaizarda 60-dan 65 wlamde mamakacebisTvis, xolo 55-dan 60 wlamde qalebisTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom miRebuli zomebis meSveobiT Semcirda xandazmulebi pensiebs naklebi drois ganmavlobaSi Rebuloben da Sesabamisad, pensiis mimRebTa ricxvic garkveulwilad Semcirda. im pirTa ricxvi vinc Senatanebs ixdis ar izrdeba, vinaidan arsebul pirobebSi, samuSao Zalis gamokvlevis cifrebis da araoficialuri informaciis mixedviT, 55 wlis asaks gadacilebulTa umetesoba an umuSevaria (am asakSi, Statebis Semcirebis Sedegad samsaxuris dakargvis Semdeg axali samsaxuris Sovna Znelia), anda TviTdasaqmebulTa kategorias miekuTvneba, romelic sakuTari Tavis sarCenad sxvadasxva saxis, metwilad dabali anazRaurebis saqmianobiT aris dakavebuli da xelfasidan gadasaxadebs ar ixdis. 1998 wels gatarebul iqna rigi RonisZiebebisa, romlebic miznad isaxavdnen sapensio sistemis funqcionirebis gaumjobesebas (detaluri informaciisTvis ix. sem-is wina gamocemebi – 1999 wlis #1 da 1999 wlis #2). socialuri uzrunvelyofisa da dasaqmebis saministros pasuxismgebloba pensionerTa siebis Sedgenasa da Sesworebaze, mTlianad daekisra saxelmwifo socialuri dacvis gaerTianebul fonds, am siebze kontrolis ganxorcielebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. tenderSi gamarjvebis Semdeg, pensiebis miwodeba mTlianad safosto banks daevala. gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesrulebis da gadasaxadebis mogrovebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, sgsuf-s pasuxismgebloba xelfasidan gadasaxadebis Segrovebaze saxelmwifo sagadasaxado inspeqcias gadaeca. Tumca, xelfasidan 80 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1998 weli, #3 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa gadasaxadebis Segrovebis ramdenadme mniSvnelovani gaumjobeseba, jerjerobiT, ar SeiniSneba; amasTan, sapensio fondi (sgsuf) pensiebis gacemasTan dakavSirebiT mudmiv sirTuleebs ganicdis, Tanac xelfasze davalianeba da biujetidan araregularuli da arasakmarisi odenobiT gadaricxuli transfertebi ufro amZimebs arsebul viTarebas. matulobs fondis winaSe urCi gadamxdelebis davalianebebi, bevr SemTxvevaSi amis mTavari mizezi daufinansebel xelfasebSi mdgomareobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom fondma bevr aseT sawarmoze sasamarTloSi aRZruli saqmeebi moigo, arc erTi maTgani gakotrebulad ar gamocxadebula. zogierTi aseTi sawarmo gaCerebulia da muSakebs xelfass ar uxdis, radganac Zveli valebis dafarva ar SeuZlia da cdilobs davalianebebi aRar daagrovos. arsebobs iseTi sawarmoebic, romlebmac daiviwyes Zveli davalianebebi da Crdilovan ekonomikaSi agrZeleben muSaobas. mTavroba ganixilavs Zveli sagadasaxado davalianebebis restruqturizaciis SesaZleblobas, romelic daexmareba aseT kompaniebs ganaaxlon muSaoba, rac maT saSualebas miscems moipovon mogeba da dafaron Zveli davalianebebi. dResdReobiT, SezRuduli sagadasaxado baza da maRali sagadasaxado ganakveTebi aferxeben saxelmwifo sapensio sistemis muSaobas. sagadasaxado Semosavali metwilad sabiujeto organizaciebidan da ramodenime msxvili mdgradobis misaRwevad saWiroa kompaniidan Semodis. moqmedi PAYG sistemis sagadasaxado bazis gazrda, xolo sagadasaxado ganakveTis Semcireba urCi gadamxdelebisTvis SeiZleba erTgvari stimuli gaxdes da ubiZgos Crdilovan ekonomikaSi gadasul sawarmoebs oficialurad gaaformon TavianTi saqmianoba. prezidentis brZanebuleba iTvaliswinebs TviTdasaqmebulTa da kerZo seqtorSi momuSaveTa xelfasebidan gadasaxadebis Segrovebis procedurebis SemoRebas. magram, dResdReobiT, TviTdasaqmebulTagan gadasaxadebis mokrebis gamarTuli meqanizmebi ar arsebobs, xolo TviTon TviTdasaqmebulebi ki gadasaxadebis gadaxdaSi ar arian dainteresebulni. pensionerTa didi nawili soflis mosaxleobaze modis, romelic fermerebisagan Sedgeba da xelfasidan gadasaxads ar ixdis. sasoflo-sameurneo miwis mflobelTagan socialuri gadasaxadis Segrovebis SesaZlebloba agreTve ganxilvis procesSia. moqmedi saxelmwifo PAYG sistema damoukideblad ver axerxebs xandazmulTa uzrunvelyofas Sesabamisi daxmarebiT. PAYG sistema solidarobis gadasaxadebis17 principzea dafuZnebuli da vinaidan, faqtobrivad, socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis erT-erT elements warmoadgens, mas SeuZlia pensionerebi mxolod ZiriTadi minimaluri pensiebiT uzrunvelyos. maTTvis, visac SesaZlebloba gaaCnia jer kidev axalgazrdobaSi izrunos Tavis momaval pensiaze, logikuri iqneboda mravalsafexuriani sistemis SemoReba, romelic uzrunvelyobs SesaZleblobaTa nairsaxeobas da arCevanis saSualebas, Semosavlis droSi ganawilebis, momavalze piradi pasuxismgeblobis amaRlebisa da investiciebisTvis saWiro Tanxis mopovebis TvalsazrisiT. 17 savaldebulo gadasaxadi, romelic aranair specifikur upiratesobas ar aniWebs Tavad gadamxdels da romlis gadaxdas socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema sxva pensionerTa dasaxmareblad iTxxovs. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 81 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa CanarTi 7.2 sapensio sistema: samsafexuriani modeli msoflio banks gaaCnia sapensio reformis modeli, romelsac igi iyenebs, raTa qveynebi daainteresos reformis gatarebaSi. msoflio bankis modeli sam safexurian models warmoadgens: pirveli safexuri xelisufleba marTavs; - savaldebulo PAYG sistema, romelsac centraluri meore safexuri - individualuri sapensio angariSebis savaldebulo sistema, romelsac marTavs centraluri xelisufleba an kerZo sapensio fondebi; mesame safexuri - individualuri sapensio angariSebis nebayoflobiTi sistema, romelsac marTaven kerZo sapensio fondebi. Semdgomi informacia safexurebis Sesaxeb pirveli safexuri PAYG sistema - Pay-as-you-go sapensio programebi mTels msoflioSi xorcieldeba. PAYG sistemis safuZvelze mTavroba muSakebisgan agrovebs gadasaxadebs pensionerTaTvis pensiebis gasacemad. sistema mdgrad sistemad iTvleba, Tuki muSakTa Sesabamisi raodenoba sapensio valdebulebis dasafarad gadaixdis gadasaxads, romlis ganakveTi damamZimebeli ar iqneba. es sistema momuSaveTa da pensionerTa individualur sapensio angariSebs ar iTvaliswinebs; muSakis mier Sesatani gadasaxadebis ganakveTi ar aris dafuZnebuli im ganakveTze, romelsac konkretuli muSaki miiRebs pensiaze gasvlis Semdeg, xolo xandazmulTa pensiebi ar aris dafuZnebuli konkretuli pensioneris mier Setanili gadasaxadebis odenobaze. PAYG-is sistema gansazRvruli odenobis sapensio daxmarebis sistemaa. gansazRvruli ganakveTis sapensio daxmarebis sistemebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia pensionerebisTvis dabali risk-faqtori da amave dros dabali mogebac. saxelmwifo pensia - saxelmwifo pensiebi aris mTavrobis mier gacemuli pensiebi. pirebs da/an maT damqiravebel sawarmoebs saxelmwifo sapensio sistemaSi SeaqvT Senatanebi, xolo saxelmwifo, Cveulebriv, Senatanebsa da pensiebs Soris arsebul sxvaobas faravs. gansazRvruli odenobis daxmareba - gansazRvruli odenobis daxmareba warmoadgens erTgvar pirobas, rom pensioneri yovelTviurad miiRebs gansazRvruli odenobis daxmarebas, romlis odenoba ar iqneba dafuZnebuli mis mier muSaobis periodSi sapensio sistemaSi gadaricxuli Senatanebis odenobaze. gansazRvruli odenobis daxmarebis sistemebi Cveulebriv PAYG sistemebs warmoadgenen. gansazRvruli odenobis sapensio daxmarebis sistemisTvis damaxasiaTebelia pensionerisTvis dabali risk-faqtori da amave dros dabali mogebac. 82 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1998 weli, #3 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa meore safexuri gansazRvruli odenobis Senatanebi - gansazRvruli odenobis Senatanebi gulisxmobs iseT pensiebs, romlebic dafuZnebulia muSakis mier sapensio angariSze gadaricxuli piradi Senatanebis odenobaze. pensiebis gaangariSeba xdeba muSakis mier gaRebuli Tanxisa da am Tanxis dabandebis Sedegad miRebuli mogebis safuZvelze. am SemTxvevaSi muSakebisTvis risk-faqtori ufro maRalia, magram maTi sapensio angariSebis dabandebis xarjze miRebuli mogebac SedarebiT didia. sxva sityvebiT rom iTqvas, es sapensio sistemebi ufro did riskTan aris dakavSirebuli, magram Cveulebriv ufro did mogebasac iTvaliswineben. imisaTvis, rom muSakebs mTlianad ar daawves pasuxismgebloba gansazRvruli Senatanebis sistemebiT gaTvaliswinebul risk-faqtorTan dakavSirebiT, mTavrobam unda SeimuSaos sagarantio pirobebi aseTi riskis Sesamcireblad. mesame safexuri kerZo sapensio fondebi - kerZo sapensio programebis privatizacia sapensio reformis gatarebasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobis erT-erT amocanas warmoadgens. kerZo sapensio fondebi gulisxmobs kerZo kompaniebs, romlebic agroveben Senatanebs muSakebisgan, abandeben Semosul Tanxas da yoveli muSakisTvis individualur angariSs xsnian. Semdgom, pensiaze gasvlis, gardacvalebis an invalidobis SemTxvevaSi (qveyanaSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad) es fondebi uxdian am muSakebs maT mier gaRebul SenatanTa Tanxas, am SenatanTa dabandebis xarjze miRebul mogebasTan erTad. kerZo fondebs Cveulebriv centraluri xelisuflebis samsaxuri ganagebs da maT unda daicvan fulis dabandebasTan, angariSis mflobelTa (muSakTa) winaSe angariSgebasa da pensiebis gadaxdasTan dakavSirebuli wesebi. muSakebs SeuZliaT sapensio saxsrebis dabandeba nebismier kerZo kompaniaSi, romelic aseT sapensio programebs sTavazobs. zog qveyanaSi kerZo sapensio fondebSi investiciebis Setanaze sagadasaxado privilegiebia dawesebuli. wyaro: kerZo sapensio reforma, bulgareTi, http://www. socialsector.net dReisaTvis ukve miRebul iqna garkveuli zomebi, romlebic miznad isaxavdnen arsebuli sapensio sistemis mravalsafexuriani sapensio sistemiT Canacvlebas, xolo PAYG-s sistema unda SenarCundes pirveli safexuris saxiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs xandazmulTa uzrunvelyofas socialuri dacvis sistemiT. meore safexuri, romelic nebayoflobiT kerZo sqemebisagan Sedgeba, SemoRebul iqneba maTTvis, visac survili da SesaZlebloba gaaCnia pensiisTvis meti danazogebi gamoyos, vidre amas saxelmwifo sapensio sistema sTavazobs. Tumca kerZo sapensio fondebis dasafuZneblad saWiroa Sesabamisad ganviTarebuli finansuri bazari da samarTlebrivi garemo. 1998 wlis 30 oqtombers parlamentma SemoiRo kanoni “arasaxelmwifo sapensio uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb” rasac, dekembris miwuruls “fasiani qaRaldebis Sesaxeb” kanonis damtkiceba mohyva. SemuSavebulia agreTve kanonproeqtebi “saxelmwifo socialuri dazRvevis Sesaxeb” da “pensiebis Sesaxeb”; pirveli maTgani mTavrobas gadaeca gansaxilvelad parlamentSi dagzavnamde. am kanonebis ZalaSi Seyvanas garkveuli dro dasWirdeba vinaidan, imisaTvis, raTa mravalsafexuriani sapensio sistema qmediTunariani gaxdes mTeli samarTlebrivi saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 83 dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa bazis Camoyalibebaa saWiro. varaudoben, rom ucxoursa da adgilobriv kompaniebs Soris gamocxaddeba tenderi erTobliv kerZo sapensio sadazRvevo kompaniaTa dafuZnebaze. PAYG sistema SenarCunebuli iqneba mravalsafexuriani sapensio sistemis savaldebulo nawilis saxiT. vinaidan, mTavroba gaagrZelebs xelfasidan gadasaxedebis Segrovebas momavalSi pensionerTaTvis daxmarebebis gacemis mizniT, finansur mdgomareobas, dReisaTvis arsebuli sapensio pirobebis TvalsazrisiT, ufro metad damZimeba ar emuqreba. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebis dabal dones da im dros, romelic kerZo pensiebis sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebas dasWirdeba, imis prognozireba, Tu ramdeni adamiani dauWers mxars kerZo sapensio struqturebs axlo momavlSi, Zalian rTulia. Tumca ueWvelia, rom es safuZvels Cauyris momavalSi ufro qmediTunariani struqturebis SemoRebas. 84 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1998 weli, #3 kalendari ianvari 4 5 6 8 8–15 8–15 11 19 19 20 25 25– 25–26 26 28 privatizacia / eleqtroenergia. saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrosTan 1998 wlis 21 dekembers xelmowerili xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad, amerikulma kompaniam daiwyo “Telasis” marTva. daxmareba. 6.3 mln amerikuli dolarze meti Rirebulebis mqone medikamentebis didi partia, Camotanil iqna aSS-dan humanitaruli daxmarebis saxiT. energoresursebi / navTobi. sufsis navTob terminalze dasrulda mTavari samSeneblo samuSaoebi. terminali mzadaa navTobis misaRebad. energoresursebi / navTobi. adreuli kaspiis navTobi Camovida samgoris navTobis kompaniaSi. privatizacia / gazi. saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom gaauqma “Tbilgazze” gamarTuli tenderis Sedegebi, radgan gamarjvebulma erToblivma kompaniam “intergazma” ar Seasrula Tavisi valdebulebebi. gamocxadebul iqneba axali tenderi. warmoeba / sasmelebi. kompaniam “koka-kola boTlers jorjia” daiwyo gaziani, mineraluri wylis “bonakva” Camosxma. infrastruqtura / transporti. rogorc transportis ministrma ganacxada preskonferenciaze, sufsaSi amoqmeddeba sazRvao portis xelisufleba. socialuri uzrunvelyofis qseli. saqarTveloSi muSaobas iwyebs pirveli sapensio dazRvevis kompania. mmarTveloba / finansebi. TbilisSi aTdRiani vizitiT Camovida saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis misia, romelic Seiswavlis saqarTvelos finansTa da ekonomikis saministroebis, sagadasaxado da sabaJo departamentebis muSaobas struqturul gardaqmnaTa gafarToebuli dafinansebis meqanizmiT gaTvaliswinebuli kreditis Semdgomi tranSis gamoyofis mizniT. mmarTveloba. saparlamento sesiam ganixila kanoni “miwis saxelmwifo registraciisaTvis saWiro mosakrebelTa Sesaxeb”. privatizacia / telekomunikaciebi. saqarTvelos satelekomunikacio seqtoris finansuri sabWos wevris statusis misaRebad, gamocxadebulia tenderi. kontaqtebi / biznesi. TbilisSi Catarda qarTveli da italieli biznesmenebis samdRiani Sexvedra. ganxilul iqna Semdgomi ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis sakiTxebi. navTobi. saqarTvelos prezidentma miiRo britanuli kompaniis “ramko enerji” menejerebi. Sexvedraze ganixiles kompaniis Sesrulebuli samuSaoebi da momavali gegmebi navTobis moZiebaSi. mmarTveloba. msoflio bankTan xelmoweril iqna ori xelSekruleba – industriuli sawarmoebis restruqturizacia (20 mln aSS dolari) da Savi zRvis dacva (3,5 mln aSS dolari). Tebervali saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 85 kalendari 5–12 8 12– 12–19 12– 12–19 13 15 19 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 25 26 86 privatizacia / telekomunikaciebi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo qonebis marTvisa da fostisa da kavSirgabmulobis ministrebma gaakeTes gancxadeba saqarTvelos telekomunikaciebis momavali privatizaciis Sesaxeb. finansebi / sabanko saqme. TBC-bankma Tavisi filiali gaxsna quTaisSi. energoresursebi / navTobi. Sevronis prezidentma, riCard mackem, ganacxada, rom kompanias gadawyvetili aqvs gazardos saqarTveloze gamavali Tengizis navTobis moculoba. energoresursebi transkavkasiuri navTobsadenis mSeneblobis / gazi. saerTaSoriso tenderSi, saqarTvelos teritoria wilad xvda amerikul konsorciums. infrastruqtura / navTobi. warmatebiT dasrulda dasavleTis gzis navTobsadenis proeqtis sanapiro saSualebaTa samontaJo samuSaoebi energoresursebi / eleqtroenergia. saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebis Sesabamisad, cxinvalis hidroenergocentri gadaeca municipalur sawarmos “Tbilwyalkanali”. finansebi / savaluto birJa. USAID-m Seajama TbilisSi savaluto birJis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebuli tenderis saboloo maCveneblebi. mxolod or monawiles – “saqarTvelos savaluto birJa” da “koniunqturis Seswavlis centri” – Soris, gamarjveba pirvels xvda wilad. infrastruqtura / kavSirgabmuloba. telekomunikaciis seqtoris ganviTarebis proeqti da investorTa mozidvis strategia damtkicebul iqna saprezidento dekretiT. infrastruqtura dasrulda sangaCal-sufsis navTobsadenis / navTobi. mSenebloba. mmarTveloba / finansebi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministri, vaJa lorTqifaniZe, vaSingtonSi Sexvda msoflio bankis oficialur pirebs. Sexvedrisas ganixiles ekonomiuri situacia da msoflio bankisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis programebis danergvis sakiTxebi saqarTveloSi. turizmi. israelis maRalkvalificirebulma eqspertebma turizmis biznesSi ganaxorcieles saqarTveloSi turizmis mimdinare mdgomareobisa da misi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebis winaswari Seswavla. eqspertTa muSaoba daafinansa israelis sagareo saqmeTa saministrom. statistika / sawvavi. wlis dasawyisidan saqarTveloSi importirebul iqna 10 900 tona benzini da 13 800 tona dizelis sawvavi. privatizacia. USAID –s eqspertebma, msoflio bankis mier SerCeuli 19 sawarmos privatizaciis mimdinareobis Semowmebis mizniT, daiwyes muSaoba saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministroSi. energoresursebi / navTobi. prezidenti SevardnaZe Sexvda daviT vudvords, azerbaijanis navTobis saerTaSoriso kompaniis prezidents. Sexvedrisas ganixiles kaspiis navTobis transportirebis sakiTxi saqarTveloze gamaval, e.w. dasavleTis gza. privatizacia / energoresursebi. saqarTvelos energosistemis muSakebis kongresis monawileebma gailaSqres saqarTvelos energoseqtoris privatizaciis winaaRmdeg. mmarTveloba. prezidenti SevardnaZe, gaemgzavra TurqeTs, oficialuri vizitiT. prezident demirelTan Sexvedrisas ganxilul iqna didi ekonomikuri proeqtis (Turqmenuli gazis transportireba, yarsi-axalqalaqi mTavari saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 kalendari sadenis mSenebloba, baTumis aeroportis rekonstruqcia da baTumi samanqano gzis mSenebloba) ganxorcielebis perspeqtiva. baqo-Tbilisi- marti 1 3 4 5–12 9–10 11 12– 12–19 12– 12–19 12– 12–19 17 18– 18–19 20 23– 23–26 24– 24–25 30 gadasaxadebi. saaqcizo markebis SemoReba Tambaqosa da alkoholur saqonelze, romelic gansazRvruli iyo 1 martisaTvis, momavlisTvis gadaido. energoresursebi / eleqtroenergia. sawvavis ukmarisobis gamo Tbilsresis sami eleqtro bloki gaCerda TbilisSi. mmarTveloba. prezidenti SevardnaZe oTxdRiani oficialuri vizitiT imyofeboda iaponiaSi. prezidentisa da iaponiis premier ministris, keiZo obutis, Sexvedrisas ganxilul iqna or qveyanas Soris TanamSromlobis gafarToeba didi abreSumis gzis proeqtis ganviTarebis mizniT. energoresursebi / navTobi. sarTiWalis navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis amerikelma partniorebma ganacxades, rom daSlian danadgarebs da waiReben saxlSi. mizezad asaxeleben Zalian maRal, 60%-ian, saaqcizo gadasaxads. mrgvali magida Temaze: “BSEC XXI saukunis mijnaze” gaimarTa TbilisSi. masSi monawileobas iRebda 80 eqsperti. ganxilul iqna organizaciis mTavari ekonomikuri mimarTulebebi da misi politikuri ganviTareba. soflis meurneoba / sakvebi. soflis meurneobisa da kvebis produqtebis damuSavebis saministrom daamtkica saxelmwifo programa “Hazelnut”. programa savaraudod Seexeba potenciur saeqsporto saqonels, romelzec didi moTxovnaa evropul bazarze. daxmareba / finansebi. evrokomisiis gadawyvetilebiT saqarTvelosaTvis gamoiyofa 4 milioni evros odenobis granti, qveynis sakvebi produqtiT uzrunvelyofisa da saxelmwifo biujetis daxmarebis mizniT. sagareo vaWroba. JenevaSi gaimarTa saqarTvelos mso-Si gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebul molaparakebebis Semdegi raundi. umTavresad ganixiles saqarTvelos msoflio bazrebze Sesvlis pirobebi. sabaJo. saqarTvelos sabaJos modernizebasTan dakavSirebuli tenderi eqvs monawilesTan dasrulda. gamarjvebuli gamovlindeba saqarTvelos finansTa saministros mier 1999 wlis 1 maiss. infrastruqtura / navTobi. sufsasa da foTSi Catarda sufsis terminalisa da foTis saborne gadasasvlelis gaxsnis oficialuri ceremoniali, romelsac daeswrnen saqarTvelos, azerbaijanisa da ukrainis prezidentebi, aSS-s oficialur pirebTan erTad. borjomSi gaimarTa BSEC – is samuSao jgufis Sexvedra sagangebo situaciebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. Sexvedra daxurul kars miRma gaimarTa. biznesi. italiuri kompaniis “Grandi Molini” direqtorma, serjio ramam, ganacxada, rom apirebs saqarTvelos datovebas, radgan purproduqtebisa da fqvilis ukanono importi iwvevs am produqtebis kanonieri importiorebis daqcevas. “Expo-Georgia” – s sagamofeno centrSi gaimarTa meore saerTaSoriso gamofena. infrastruqtura / navsadgurebi. foTSi Catarda Savi zRvis navsadgurebis pirveli konferencia. privatizacia / madani. erToblivi sawarmos “WiaTurmanganumis” wilis umravlesobis mosapoveblad gamarTuli xelmeore tenderi uSedegod saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 87 kalendari damTavrda. sawarmos wilis 75%-ze dadebulma simbolurma fasmac (20 000 aSS dolari) ki ver SeZlo investorebis mozidva. aprili 1 5 14 15 16 16 17 88 vaWroba / gadasaxadebi. ZalaSi Sevida saaqcizo niSnebi Tambaqosa da alkoholur sasmelebze, sigaretis importiorebis da alkoholuri sasmelebis mwarmoebelTa mxridan gaweuli winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad. Semosavlebi. informacia saxelmwifo biujetSi Semosavlebis Sesaxeb gaurkveveli rCeba. Tavis tradiciul radiointerviuSi prezidentma SevardnaZem ganacxada, rom mTavrobam mkveTrad Seamcira biujeti pirvel kvartalSi. amasTanave, parlamentis sabiujeto samsaxuris Sesabamisad, Semosavlebi 18,8 procentiT naklebi iqna mokrebili dagegmilTan SedarebiT. finansTa ministrma daviT onofriSvilma ganacxada, rom sagadasaxado departamentma gegma Seasrula, maSin rodesac sabaJo Semosavlebis mokreba dagegmilze 25 milioni lariT iyo naklebi. soflis meurneoba / gadasaxadebi. delegatebi glexTa 130 sakredito kavSiridan Seikribnen pirvel kongresze sadac maT moiTxoves mTavrobis mier soflis meurneobis seqtorSi SemoRebuli dRg-s 20-procentiani ganakveTis gauqmeba. soflis meurneobisa da kvebis ministrma bakur guluam ganacxada, rom qarTvel fermerebs damatebiTi gadasaxadebis gadaxda mZime tvirTad daawveba. parlamenti. parlamentma miiRo gadawyvetileba 1,192 saxelmwifos kuTvnilebaSi myofi sawarmos erTobliv kompaniebad, an SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis firmebad gadakeTebis Sesaxeb 1999 wlis 1 ivnisamde. am mizniT, Setanil iqna Sesworebebi kanonSi mewarmeobis Sesaxeb, rac krZalavs 1 ivnisamde saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi myof sawarmoebze sesxebis gacemas. privatizacia. saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro miiRebs axal ganacxadebs “qarTlis” Tambaqos qarxanaze gamocxadebul tenderze, vinaidan amerikulma kompaniam “kompasma”, romelmac iyida erToblivi sawarmo “qarTlis” sakontrolo paketi da romelic valdebuli iyo aqciebSi gadaexada 615 aTasi amerikuli dolari, ver SeZlo saboloo Tanxis gadaxda. myidvels unda daefara aqciebis saerTo Rirebulebis 51 procenti 30 kalendaruli dRis ganmavlobaSi, xolo darCenili 49 procenti - 1999 wlis 1 oqtombrisaTvis. sul erToblivi sawarmo “qarTlis” mier gamoSvebuli aqciebis mTlianma Tanxam Seadgina 81 1637 amerikuli dolari 1 aqciaze 1 dolaris nominaluri RirebulebiT. sawyisi gasayidi fasi iyo 410 000 aSS dolari. auqcionis gaxsna dainiSna 1999 wlis 4 ivniss. sabaJo. oretapiani tenderi saqarTvelos sabaJos ucxoeli menejeris vakansiaze moigo britanulma kompania ITS-ma. ITS-i ganaxorcielebs sabaJos marTvas ori wlis ganmavlobaSi da valdebulebas iRebs sabaJo Semosavlebis 50 procentiT gazrdaze pirvel wels da 20-30 procentiT momdevno wlebSi. navTobi. baqo-sufsis navTobsadeni oficialurad Sevida eqspluataciaSi. sufsis dasaxlebasTan axlos mdebare navTobis terminalTan Sedga navTobsadenis formaluri gaxsnis ceremonia saqarTvelos, azerbaijanis, ukrainis prezidentebis, ALOC-is, GIOC-is, SOCAR-is menejerebis, samarTlebrivi da aRmasrulebeli organoebis maRali Tanamdebobis pirebisa da saqarTveloSi diplomatiuri misiebis xelmZRvanelebis monawileobiT. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 kalendari 17 infrastruqtura. saqarTvelos, azerbaijanis, ukrainis prezidentebma da evrogaerTianebis warmomadgenlebma monawileoba miiRes q. foTis sarkinigzo saborne terminalis gaxsnis ceremoniaSi, romelic akavSirebs saqarTvelos, ukrainasa da bulgareTs. sami qveynis transportis ministrebi apireben ormxrivi xelSekrulebis xelmoweras saborne kavSirebis Sesaxeb. daxmareba / eleqtroenergia. donori qveynebis warmomadgenlebi Seikribnen saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministroSi gamarTul Sexvedraze “saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiis sabiTumo bazris xelSewyobis” Sesaxeb proeqtis finansuri daxmarebis Taobaze, rac gulisxmobs maRali Zabvis gadamcemi xazebis reabilitacias, kavSirebis gaumjobesebas, bazris institucionalur Camoyalibebasa da kontrols. privatizacia / eleqtroenergia. qonebis marTvis saministrom gamoacxada tenderi dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saxelmwifo eleqtro-gamanawilebeli kompaniebis sawesdebo kapitalis 75-80 procentis Sesyidvaze. gamarjvebuli iZens uflebas marTos kompania 25 wlis manZilze. tenderSi monawileTa ganacxadebis sia 30 maiss gamoqveyndeba. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi / politika. prezidentma SevardnaZem strasburgSi monawileoba miiRo saqarTvelos evrosabWoSi ormocdameerTe wevrad miRebasTan dakavSirebiT gamarTul ceremoniaSi. fuli. Tbilisis bankTaSorisma birJam daafiqsira aSS dolarze moTxovnis dacema: mag. 28 aprils ar iyo moTxovna gasayidad gamotanil 301 aTas aSS dolarze, rac laris yvelaze mniSvnelovan stimulirebas warmoadgenda wlis ganmavlobaSi. 21 22 26 28 maisi 3 3 4 5 4-7 biujeti. saburTalos raionis sagadasaxado inspeqciam pirvelma atexa gangaSi municipaluri biujetidan fuladi saxsrebis gadinebasTan dakavSirebiT. jemal burkiaSvilma, Tbilisis qalaqis sabWos auditis komisiis Tavmjdomarem ganmarta, rom finansurma Ziebam migviyvana dRg gadasaxadebidan 70 aTasi laris ukanonod miTvisebis faqtamde. mogvianebiT, mTawmindis raionis sagadasaxado inspeqciam gaakeTa gancxadeba msgavsi miTvisebis Sesaxeb 80 aTasi laris odenobiT. Tanxebis miTvisebaSi gareuli yvela firma Tbilisis gareTaa daregistrirebuli. warmoeba. rusTavis azotma ganaaxla sasuqebis warmoeba, romlis xarisxi savsebiT Seesabameba standartebiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs. warmoeba. pur-produqtebis mwarmoebelTa kavSiris mier mowyobil preskonferenciaze puris msxvilma qarxnebma moiTxoves fiqsirebuli gadasaxadis daweseba puris mwarmoebeli yvela sawarmosaTvis, im mizeziT, rom isini ver uweven konkurencias mcire sacxobebis “dampingur” fasebs. biznesi. qarTul-germanuli mesame biznes forumi gaimarTa Tbilisis mTawmindis biznes-klubSi. mxareebma ganixiles sakiTxebi TbilisSi 13 maiss “mikrokreditbankis” gaxsnis garSemo, romelic samomavlod gegmavs mikro-kreditebis gacemas mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis mxardaWeris mizniT. politika / regionebi. giorgi cincqilaZe dainiSna aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomared. daviT jafariZe dainiSna ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgilis movaleobis Semsruleblad. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 89 kalendari 7 9-11 12 1818-20 1919-20 2727-28 30 regionebi. Cexi eqspertebis jgufi, urbanizaciisa da mSeneblobis ministris, bn m. Cxenkelis meTaurobiT ewvia tyibuls, regionSi qvanaxSiris warmoebis aRorZinebis mizniT. politika / biznesi. Tbiliss oficialuri vizitiT ewvia saberZneTis prezidenti konstantine stepanapolusi. misi vizitis pirvel dRes man gaxsna “msoflio elinisturi sabWos” mier daarsebuli samedicino diagnostikuri centri “hipokrates poliklinika”. parlamenti. saqarTvelos parlamentma moaxdina uzbekeTTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis ratifikacia, investiciebis ormxrivi xelSewyobis Sesaxeb. turizmi. saqarTvelos delegaciam monawileoba miiRo rumineTSi gamarTul saerTaSoriso konferenciaSi saxelwodebiT “investiciebi turizmis sferoSi”. sainvesticio programam saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb garkveuli interesi gamoiwvia monawileTa Soris. ekonomika. TbilisSi gaimarTa mso-s pirveli regionuli seminari samxreT kavkasiis qveynebisaTvis. seminaris monawileebma ganixiles kavkasiis sami qveynis - saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis mso-Si gawevrianebis perspeqtivebi da upiratesobebi. infrastruqtura / rkinigza. TbilisSi gaimarTa damoukidebeli qveynebis rkinigzis transportis sabWos XXIV sesia. sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, monawileebi SeTanxmdnen 15 qveynisaTvis rkinigzis sainformacio-kompiuteruli qselis programis SemuSavebaze. energetika / mrewveloba. saxelmwifo ministris - v. lorTqifaniZis mier gamarTul samuSao Sexvedraze ganixiles problemebi mniSvnelovan strategiul obieqtTan, JinvalhesTan dakavSirebiT, romelic realurad dgas gvirabis dangrevis saSiSroebis winaSe. specialistebis mier Sefasebuli sareabilitacio proeqtis mixedviT 65 milioni aSS dolaria saWiro. ivnisi 1- 2 1 2 4 4-11 90 saqarTvelos ekonomikuri mimarTulebebi. TbilisSi gaimarTa GEPLAC-is saqarTvelos ekonomikuri mimarTulebebis mier organizebuli ekonomikuri mimarTulebebis pirveli regionuli seminari. ekonomikuri mimarTulebebis mimoxilvebi ibeWdeba dsT-s cxra saxelmwifoSi: saqarTvelo, somxeTi, azerbaijani, ruseTi, ukraina, moldaveTi, belorusia, yazaxeTi da uzbekeTi. seminars yvela proeqtis warmomadgeneli daeswro. gadasaxadebi. saxelmwifo sagadasaxado departaments warudgines USAID/barencis jgufis mier SemuSavebuli programa gadamxdelTa sabuRaltro kompiuteruli sistemis Sesaxeb. aSS-s mTavroba apirebs 7-8 milioni aSS dolaris gamoyofas saqarTveloSi sagadasaxado reformebis gagrZelebis mizniT. mTavroba / naosnoba. samTavrobo sxdomaze xelaxla ganixiles saqarTvelos sanaosnos krizisidan gamoyvanis gzebi. xelfasebi. 4-wliani intervalis Semdeg prezidentma gamosca brZanebuleba minimaluri xelfasis Sesaxeb. brZanebulebis Tanaxmad minimaluri xelfasi TveSi 20 laris odenobiT ganisazRvra. energetika. eleqtroenergiis mrewvelobis reabilitaciis mizniT, msoflio bankis pirveli proeqtis dasruleba dagegmilia 2000 wlis 30 ivnisisaTvis, saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 kalendari 9 10 12 14 15 18 1818-25 2424-25 25 30 amasTanave, msoflio bankma ukve daiwyo energetikis sferoSi meore (25 milioni aSS dolaris Rirebulebis) proeqtis ganxorcielebis perspeqtivebze muSaoba. dafinanseba savaraudod ganawildeba KfW (germania), OECF (iaponia) da USAID (aSS) Soris. finansuri daxmareba. evrogaerTianebam saqarTvelos biujetisaTvis gankuTvnili kvebis programis CarCoebSi, grantis saxiT gamoyo 4 milioni evro (daaxloebiT 8 milioni lari). saqarTvelom ianvarSi ukve miiRo 6 milioni evro. grantiT gaTvaliswinebuli mTliani Tanxa 16 milion evros Seadgens. energetika / investiciebi. programa “energia-4”-is dasrulebisTanave gamarjvebulad gamocxadda “simensi”, erT-erTi kompania tenderSi monawile sami saerTaSoriso kompaniidan. germaniis mTavrobam am programisaTvis KfW-dan gamoyo 14,5 milioni germanuli marka. soflis meurneoba. ganaxlda da eqspluataciaSi gaeSva zekaris wylis sacavi Sida qarTlis regionSi. oficialuri gaxsnis ceremonias daeswrnen soflis meurneobisa da kvebis saministros warmomadgenlebi, parlamentis wevrebi da sxva oficialuri pirebi saqarTvelosa da oseTis mxridan. energetika / mrewveloba. udidesi qarTuli Termoeleqtrosadguris terminalis TanamSromlebma moawyes saprotesto aqcia xelfasebis dagvianebasTan dakavSirebiT. vaWroba. evrogaerTianebam akrZala frinvelisa da xorcis produqtebis importi safrangeTidan da holandiidan, am qveynebSi belgiidan eqsportirebuli saqonlisa da frinvelis sakvebis gamoyenebis gamo. infrastruqtura. infrastruqtura. q. foTis merma da iaponuri kompaniis “micubiSis” direqtorma xeli moaweres xelSekrulebas q. foTis savaWro sazRvao portis modernizaciisaTvis gamoyofili 65 aSS dolaris Rirebulebis proeqtze. eleqtroenergia / tarifebi. AES/USAID-s seminari mieZRvna saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiis sabiTumo bazris Camoyalibebis sakiTxs. jeims elisonma, AES Telasis komerciulma direqtorma ganacxada, rom saxelmwifo kompania “saqenergodan” miRebuli energiis fasis srulad dafarvis mizniT saWiroa 20 ivnisidan daiwyos eleqtroenergiaze gadasaxadebis mokreba axali tarifis mixedviT (9 TeTri erT kvt-sT-ze.). energetika / gazi. rusTavis gaziT momarageba, romelic Sewyda ianvarSi rusTavis azotsa (ZiriTadi momxmarebeli) da gazis momwodebels Soris arsebuli uTanxmoebis gamo, ganaxlda Semdegi pirobebis safuZvelze: dawesda fiqsirebuli tarifi 3 laris odenobiT ojaxis TiToeul wevrze da 24 TeTris odenobiT erT kubur metrze gazis mricxvelis momxmareblisaTvis. energetika / investiciebi. Seraton metexSi 14 qveynis msxvili energetikuli kompaniebis warmomadgenlebi daeswrnen saerTaSoriso konferencias “saqarTvelos hidroenergetikuli potenciali”. konferenciaze ganixiles saqarTveloSi hidroenergiis sferoSi investiciebis mozidvis SesaZleblobebi. soflis zestafonis regionSi erTdRiani vizitis dros, meurneoba. prezidentma SevardnaZem 200 adgilobriv fermers gadasca miwis daregistrirebuli sertifikatebi. 1999 wlis 16 maisis prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad miwaze sakuTrebis uflebis registracia savaldebuloa da Tavisufalia gadasaxadebisagan. soflis meurneoba. iaponurma saerTaSoriso korporaciam gamoacxada tenderi saqarTveloSi mosavlis aRebisaTvis saWiro kombainebiT momaragebisaTvis. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 91 kalendari ivlisi 1- 2 7 8 12 20 23 2323-30 28 92 infrastruqtura. TbilisSi Sedga Savi zRvis evropuli satransporto zonis ganviTarebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli administraciuli komitetis pirveli sxdoma. mmarTveloba / Semosavlebi. prezidentma SevardnaZem saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis didi xnis moTxovnis Sesabamisad, gamosca brZanebuleba sagadasaxado CaTvlebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb, Semosavlebidan fuladi saxsrebis gadinebisa da korufciis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. brZanebuleba 20 ivliss unda Sevides ZalaSi. zogierTi eqspertis azriT es gamoiwvevs sagadasaxado Semosavlebis Semcirebas. finansebi / saxelmwifo biujeti. mTavrobam miiRo gadawyvetileba saxelmwifos 1999 wlis biujetidan 16 milionis odenobiT xarjebis sekvestris Taobaze. Tavdapirvelad biujetis sekvestri dagegmili iyo 50-60 milionis farglebSi. navTobi. BP AMOCO-s mier daqiravebulsma supertankerma - "Lucky Sailors" datova sufsa da gaemarTa triestisken, romelic kaspiis zRvis erTi milioni barelis navTobiT iyo datvirTuli. privatizacia / energetika. saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom gamoacxada saerTaSoriso tenderi damatebiT energo uwyebebze. tenderSi monawile saqarTvelos energetikis generaciisa da ganawilebis kompaniebi, sami lotiT unda gaiyidos. upiratesoba aqvs “Tbilsress”. 20 agvistos iwureba ganacxadebis wardgenis bolo vada. vaWroba navTobproduqtebze saaqcizo gadasaxadis / gadasaxadebi. 60 procentidan 80 procentamde awevis gamo, fasebi benzinze 20 procentiT gaizarda. investiciebi / sabaJo. sabaJo departamentSi Sedga saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da britanul kompania ITS-s Soris samwliani kontraqtis oficialuri gaformebis ceremonia. xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad ITS-i valdebulia ganaxorcielos sabaJo momsaxureoba saqarTvelos sazRvrebze da saqonlis gadazidvebis kontroli, aseve uzrunvelyos pirvel wels sabaJo gadasaxadebis Semosavlebis 50 procentiT, xolo momdevno wlebSi 20 procentiT gazrda. finansebi / daxmareba. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis direqtorTa sabWos gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelo dauyovnebliv miiRebs struqturul kreditiT gardaqmnaTa gafarToebuli dafinansebis meqanizmis (ESAF) gaTvaliswinebul Semdeg tranSs. 46 milioni aSS dolaris krediti gamoiyo saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis rezervebis gazrdis mizniT. prezidentma SevardnaZem orSabaTs, Tavis tradiciul interviuSi, aRniSna, rom es gadawyvetileba TavisTavad gulisxmobs, msoflio bankis programiT gaTvaliswinebuli, 85 milioni aSS dolaris gamoyofas. uaxloes momavalSi mosalodnelia SAC-III-is (20 milioni aSS dolari) pirveli tranSisa da energomrewvelobis struqturuli gardaqmnis programiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirveli tranSis (12 milioni aSS dolari) miReba. Semdgomi tranSi, 32,5 milioni aSS dolaris odenobiT, dekemberSi ganxorcieldeba, xolo mesame da saboloo tranSi - 2000 wlis martSi. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi. saqarTvelos delegacia, romelsac saqarTvelos mso-Si gawevrianebis samTavrobo komisiis Tavmjdomare - m. ukleba - uZRveboda saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 kalendari Cavida JenevaSi, samuSao jgufis mesame formalur Sexvedraze monawileobis misaRebad. soflis meurneoba. saqarTvelom xeli moawera or samTavrobaTaSoriso xelSekrulebas aSS-Tan: erTi, 70 tona xorblis importis Sesaxeb, xolo meore, 5 milioni aSS dolaris marcvleuliT momaragebis Sesaxeb. finansebi. finansTa saministrom gaakeTa gancxadeba biujetis Seusruleblobis Sesaxeb; biujeti Sesrulda mxolod 90 procentiT, vinaidan sabiujeto Semosavlebi dagegmilze 35,5 milioni lariT naklebi iyo. ekonomika. Sida qarTlis regionSi, ZiriTadad ruseTidan Semosuli kontrabanduli gadazidvebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, mTavrobam miiRo gadawyvetileba cxinvalis sabaJo gamSvebi punqtis gauqmebis Sesaxeb 1999 wlis 1 agvistodan. 29 30 agvisto 2- 4 3- 5 13 1313-20 17 18 19 23 25 26 politika / ekonomika. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministri - vaJa lorTqifaniZe moskovs ewvia ruseT-saqarTvelos samTavrobo komitetis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis mesame sesiaSi monawileobis mizniT. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi. mrewvelobisa da kulturis sxvadasxva sferoSi TanamSromlobis ganviTarebisa da perspeqtivebis ganxilvis mizniT, TbilisSi Camovida CineTis savaWro-ekonomikuri delegacia. portebi / saerTaSoriso saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi. GIMSCO (saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso sanaosno komunikaciebi) mzadaa xeli moaweros 30 milioni aSS dolaris Rirebulebis sakredito xelSekrulebas. guram dolbaia - GIMSCO-s generaluri direqtori - gaemgzavra londons kreditis pirobebze da mmarTveli kompaniis Columbia Shipmanagement-Tan TanamSromlobis Taobaze molaparakebebis gamarTvis mizniT. mrewveloba / soflis meurneoba. “martin bauerma” daiwyo ori saxis maRali xarisxis Cais “saqarTvelos Taigulisa” da “saqarTvelos varskvlavis” warmoeba. parlamentma daamtkica Cais mrewvelobis ganviTarebis xuTwliani programa, romelic 40 milioni laris investiciis meSveobiT gazrdis Cais mosavals jer 21,3 procentiT, xolo 2003 wlisTvis - 35 000 tonamde weliwadSi. finansebi. saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma da Tbsb-m xeli moaweres saerTo xelSekrulebas saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebis bazris ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. fuli/finansebi. finansTa saministrom ganaaxla saxazino Tamasuqebis emisia. 28 dReSi moxda 500 aTasi laris saxazino Tamasuqis gamoSveba. cxovrebis cxovrebis standartebi. mTavrobis sxdomaze miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba “saarsebo minimumis gaangariSebis meTodikaSi cvlilebebis Setanisa da misi gadaangariSebis Sesaxeb”. sabaJo. britanuli kompania ITS-i oficialurad Seudga movaleobebis Sesrulebas saqarTvelos sabaJoebze; maT Soris sarfis sabaJozec, aWaris xelisuflebis winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad. mmarTveloba / warmoeba. mTavrobis sxdomaze miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba 1999 wlis 10 oqtombridan uaqcizo ludis gayidvis akrZalvis Sesaxeb. mrewveloba. Cexuri da slovakuri kompaniebi apireben 200 milionamde aSS dolaris odenobis investiciebis dabandebas saqarTvelos qvanaxSiris saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 93 kalendari mrewvelobaSi. sainvesticio programiT gaTvaliswinebulia erToblivi sawarmos “tyibulnaxSiris” sakontrolo paketis investorebisaTvis gadacema, 250 megavati simZlavris Termoeleqtrosadguris aSeneba da qvanaxSiris sabadoebis teqnikuri SesaZleblobebis reabilitacia. 94 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 ekonomikuri glosariumi absoluturi upiratesoba (Absolute advantage) qveynis unari awarmoos ufro meti saqoneli vidre sxva qveyana awarmoebs resursebis igive moculobisas (ix. fardobiTi upiratesoba) arasruli dasaqmeba (Under-employment) ekonomikuri situacia, rodesac miwodeba aWarbebs masze moTxovnas auTsaideri (bankis) (Outsider) ara-insaideri aqcia (Share, Stock ) saxsrebis mopovebis mizniT saaqcio sazogadoebis mier gamoSvebuli grZelvadiani fasiani qaRaldi. aqciis myidveli gadaxdili fulis sanacvlod xdeba kompaniis sruluflebiani TanamesakuTre, anu monawileobs mis marTvasa da mogebaSi. (ix. fasiani qaRaldebi, obligacia, saxazino valdebuleba) muSaxelis SeniSvna: zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad did britaneTSi, sityva stock gansxvavdeba mniSvnelobiT sityva share-sagan, da aRniSnavs kompaniis an saxelmwifos mier gamoSvebul grZelvadian sasesxo valdebulebas. balansis aRricxvis furceli balansi (Balance sheet) dokumenti, romelic asaxavs firmis aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis moculobas da struqturas. biujeturi SezRudva (Budget constraint) xarjebis SezRudva gamowveuli sxvadasxva mizeziT, magaliTad, Semosavlebis simciriT. gadasaxadebi (Taxes) begara dawesebuli saxelmwifos mier kerZo pirebis an sawarmoebis Semosavalze an mogebaze (pirdapiri gadasaxadi), saqonlis gamoyenebze an momsaxurebiT sargeblobaze (iribi gadasaxadi) da qonebaze. saqarTveloSi arsebuli ZiriTadi gadasaxadebia: 1. sawarmos mogebaze gadasaxadi (Profit tax); 2. kerZo Semosavalze gadasaxadi pirebis (Personal income tax); 3. damatebul Rirebulebaze gadasaxadi _ dRg misi bazaa iuridiuli Tu (Value Added Tax). fizikuri pirebis mier Seqmnili damatebuli Rirebuleba _ sxvaoba saqonlis an momsaxurebis sarealizacio fassa da mis warmoebasa da mowodebasTan dakavSirebuli saqarTvelos ekonomiis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 95 ekonomikuri glosariumi materialur xarjebisa; 4. sabaJo gadasaxadi (Customs duties) _ saxelmwifo biujetSi savaldebulo Senatani saqarTvelos sabaJo sazRvarze saqonlis gadaadgilebisaTvis; 5. aqcizi (Excise) _ garkveuli saxis saqonlis moxmarebaze iribi gadasaxadi, romelic CarTulia am saqonlis fasSi; 6. gadasaxadebi xelfasebis fondidan (Payroll taxes) _ specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis (jandacvis, socuzrunvelyofis da a.S.) mosakrebeli, romlis gadaxda damqiraveblisa da muSakis mier xdeba sawarmos xelfasebis fondidan, fiqsirebuli ganakveTiT. (ix. sagadasaxado baza) gamoSveba, warmoebis moculoba moculoba (Output) saqoneli da momsaxureba warmoebuli garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi. depoziti (Deposit) kerZo piris an sawarmos angariSi komerciul bankSi, romelzedac momxmarebels SeuZlia fulis an Cekebis ganTavseba da maTi gamotana bankis winaswar gafrTxilebis pirobiT. deflatori (mSp (mSpmSp-is deflatori) deflatori) (Deflator - GDP deflator) fasebis indeqsi, romelic warmoadgens garkveul wels gamoSvebuli saqonlis Rirebulebis fardobas sabaziso wlis fasebSi gamosaxul RirebulebasTan. mSp-is deflatori gansazRvravs damokidebulebas nominalur da realur (sabaziso wlis) mSp-s Soris. deflacia (Deflation) fasebis saerTo donis daweva. (ix. inflacia) ekonomikuri zrda (Economic growth) realuri gamoSvebis zrda. erovnuli angariSebi (National accounts) drois garkveul periodSi (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi), erovnuli ekonomikis amsaxveli statistikuri monacemebis erToblioba. kerZod, erovnuli angariSebi asaxaven qveyanaSi warmoebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis mTlian moculobas da qveynis ekonomikuri aqtiurobis indikators warmoadgenen. valdebuleba (pasivi ) vali; 96 pirovnebis an sawarmos gankargvaSi saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 ekonomikuri glosariumi (Liability) arsebuli saxsrebi da qoneba, romelzedac sxva mxares garkveuli pretenzia SeiZleba gaaCndes. qveynis valutis sxva qveynis valutaSi gamosaxuli fasi, romelic dadgenilia am valutebis realuri msyidvelobiTi unaris gaTvaliswinebiT. valutis gamyareba (kursis zrda ) (Appreciation) savaluto bazarze valutis dacema) valutis valutis dacema (kursis dacema ) (Depreciation) savaluto bazarze valutis valutebTan SedarebiT. fasis zrda. gaiafeba (ix. sxva SeniSvna: ekonomikur literaturaSi sityvas “Depreciation’ SeiZleba hqondes sxva mniSvnelobac _ cveTa, cveTis sabuRaltro asaxva, amortizacia. investicia (kapitaldabandeba ) (Investment) 1. fizikuri qonebis, magaliTad qarxnis, manqanadanadgarebis, SesaZenad gaweuli xarji. (realuri investicia) 2. fasiani qaRaldebis, magaliTad aqciebis, SesaZenad gaweuli xarji. (finansuri investicia) SeniSvna: realuri investicia qmnis axal aqtivebs, e. i. zrdis qveynis sawarmoo potencials; maSin rodesac finansuri investicia, ubralod, aqtivebis flobis uflebis gadacemaa. insaideri (bankis ) (Insider) bankis administraciuli muSaki an aqcioneri, misi ojaxis wevri an masTan saqmiani interesebiT dakavSirebuli piri. (sapir. - auTsaideri) inteleqtualuri inteleqtualuri kapitali (Human capital) saerTo codna romelic gamoiyeneba warmoebaSi. investiciebs inteleqtualuri kapitalis gazrdaSi, anu sxvadasxva saxis gamokvlevebSi, Sedegad sdevs axali, teqnikurad gaumjobesebuli produqciis warmoeba da ekonomikis efeqturobis zrda. intervencia (Intervention) ama Tu im ekonomikuri subieqtis erTjeradi intensiuri zemoqmedeba bazarze. magaliTad erovnuli bankis mier ucxouri valutis gayidvis mkveTri gazrda. inflacia (Inflation) fasebis saerTo donis aweva. (ix. deflacia) kalaTa (Basket) ama Tu im sidideTa kompleqti, nakrebi, mag.: 1. samomxmareblo kalaTa _ pirobiTi momxmareb- saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 97 ekonomikuri glosariumi lis mier moxmarebuli saqonlisa da misTvis gaweuli momsaxurebis erToblioba; 2. savaluto kalaTa _ sxvadasxva qveynis valutis ama Tu im wesiT Seqmnili nakrebi (ECU _ ekiu, evropuli savaluto erTeuli; SDR _ sesxebis specialuri ufleba; PPS _ msyidvelobiTi unaris standarti). kapitaldabandeba (Investment) ix. investicia. kapitali (Capital) warmoebis materialuri (fabrikebi, ofisebi, manqana-danadgarebi) da aramaterialuri (“nou-hau”) saSualebebis erToblioba. kapitalis dena (Capital flight) fondebis moZraoba adgilobriv ekonomikasa da gare samyaros Soris, dakavSirebuli fasiani qaRaldebis an fizikuri aqtivebis yidvagayidvasTan da saerTaSoriso sesxebTan. kapitaluri angariSi (Capital account) 1. sagadamxdelo balansis nawili, romelic aRwers grZelvadiani aqtivebis yidva-gayidvasTan da kerZo seqtoris sesxebTan dakavSirebul saxsrebis moZraobas (ix. mimdinare angariSi) 2. erovnuli angariSebis nawili, romelic moicavs mTavrobis mier saxelmwifo infrastruqturis sferoSi (gzebi, skolebi, saavadmyofoebi) gaweul xarjebs da kerZo seqtoris realur investiciebs. likviduri aqtivebi (bankis ) (Liquid assets) fuladi aqtivebi romlebic advilad SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli angariSsworebisTvis: oqro, bankis fuladi saxsrebi salaroSi (larebi da ucxouri valuta), sakorespondento angariSebi erovnul da ucxour valutaSi (maT Soris sazRvargareTac), savaldebulo rezervebis angariSze arsebuli saxsrebi (Tu isini sakredito auqcionze nayidi kreditis uzrunvelyofas ar waroadgenen). lorencis mrudi (Lorenz curve) raime sididis, magaliTad Semosavlebis, ganawilebis amsaxveli mrudi. diagonalsa da lorencis mruds Soris moqceuli farTobis Sefardebas diagonalis qvemoT moqceul farTobTan ewodeba jinis (Gini) koeficienti. igi warmoadgens ganawilebis araTanabrobis sazoms da icvleba nolidan (Tanabari ganawileba) erTamde (absoluturad araTanabari ganawileba). 98 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 ekonomikuri glosariumi M0 sxvanairad _ “viwro fuli”. monetarul TeoriaSi fuladi maragis erT-erTi sazomi (fuladi agregati), romelic moicavs fuladi aqtivebis yvelaze likvidur nawils _ bankebis gareT arsebul naRd fuls. (ar moicavs im naRd fuls, romelic rezervebis saxiT komerciuli bankebis sacavebSi inaxeba). M2 sxvanairad _ “farTo fuli”, moicavs M0-sa da komerciul bankebSi arsebul arasabanko da arasaxelmwifo depozitebs adgilobriv valutaSi. ganisazRvreba rogorc fuli, romelic, garkveuli periodis amowurvis Semdeg, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas angariSsworebisTvis. M3 aseve, xSirad moixsenieba rogorc “farTo fuli”; moicavs M2-sa da mosaxleobis ucxour valutaSi denominirebul anabrebs komerciul bankebSi. makroekonomika (Macroeconomics) ekonomikuri mecnierebis nawili, romelic swavlobs ekonomikas rogorc erT mTlians da cdilobs daadginos fundamenturi ekonomikuri cnebebis _ warmoebisa da dasaqmebis donis, fasebis saerTo donis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi faqtorebi. materialuri aqtivebi (bankis ) (Fixed assets) Senoba-nagebobani, sameurneo inventari da maTze gaweuli kapitaluri danaxarjebi meoradi kapitali (bankis ) (Secondary capital) materialuri aqtivebis gadafasebis nawili, miznobrivi fondebi, saimedo sesxebis SesaZlo danakargebis gaTvaliswinebiT Seqmnili rezervebi. (ix. pirveladi kapitali) mikroekonomika (Microeconomics) ekonomikuri mecnierebis nawili, romelic swavlobs momxmareblebisa da firmebis qmedebas; aanalizebs sawarmoo faqtorebis, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis sabazro fasebsa da moculobas. agreTve, ganixilavs SezRuduli ekonomikuri resursebis ganawilebis efeqturobas. mimdinare angariSi (Current account) 1. drois garkveul monakveTSi (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis danarCen msofliosTan sasaqonlo (xiluli) da samomsaxureo (uxilavi) vaWrobis amsaxveli angariSi. (ix. sagadamxdelo balansi; savaWro balansi) 2. bankSi fizikuri piris Tu kompaniis saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 99 ekonomikuri glosariumi moTxovnamde angariSi. mimdinare aqtivebi (bankis ) (Current assets) likviduri aqtivebi da bankis mier dafarvis erT Tvemde vadiT gacemuli sesxebi. agreTve bankis sxva moTxovnebi dafarvis erT Tvemde vadiT. moTxovnebi (Claims) finansuri aqtivebi, saxeldobr gacemuli kreditebi, saxazino da komerciuli Tamasuqebi. monetaruli politika (Monetary policy) ix. fuladi politika. mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi _ mfi (Producer price index - PPI) indeqsi romelic asaxavs adgilobrivi mwarmoeblebis mier sakuTar produqciaze dadebuli fasebis donis saSualo cvlilebas. (ix. samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi) mep - mTliani erovnuli produqti (GNP) drois garkveul monakveTSi (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis mSp-sa da sazRvargareTidan miRebuli wminda Semosavlis jami. mSp - mTliani mTliani Sida produqti (GDP) drois garkveul monakveTSi, (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) adgilobrivad warmoebuli saqonlisa da gaweuli momsaxurebis jamuri fuladi Rirebuleba. (ix. erovnuli angariSebi) nominaluri (Nominal) gazomili mimdinare fasebSi, inflaciis gauTvaliswineblad. (ix. realuri) obligacia (Bond) rogorc wesi, mTavrobis an komerciuli organizaciis mier, sesxis aRebis mizniT gamoSvebuli, myari saprocento ganakveTis mqone, grZelvadiani fasiani qaRaldi. (ix. aqcia, saxazino Tamasuqi). pirveladi pirveladi kapitali (bankis ) (Primary capital) aqciebis realizaciidan miRebuli kapitali, kapitaluri rezervebi (ganawilebuli mogebis nawili, romelic gankuTvnilia gauTvaliswinebeli zaralis dasafaravad), gaunawilebeli mogeba. (ix. meoradi kapitali) realuri (Real) gazomili namdvil (sabaziso wlis fasebTan Sesadar) fasebSi, inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT. sagadasaxdelo balansi (Balance of payments) drois garkveul monakveTSi, (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis danarCen msofliosTan savaWro da safinanso urTierTobis amsaxveli 100 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 ekonomikuri glosariumi angariSi. igi Sedgeba ori ZiriTadi nawilisagan: mimdinare angariSi da kapitaluri angariSi. sagadasaxado baza (Tax base) mTliani fuladi fondi romelic eqvemdebareba gadasaxadebis gadaxdas. magaliTad, saSemosavlo gadasaxadis baza aris am gadasaxads daqvemdebarebuli mTliani Semosavlebi, xolo mogebis gadasaxadis baza aris yvela im mogebis jami, romelic am gadasaxads eqvemdebareba. sagadasaxado fardoba (Tax wedge) Tanafardoba damqiraveblis mier gaweuli mTliani xarjebisa daqiravebulis mier miRebul wminda xelfasis odenobasTan. savaWro balansi (Balance of trade) drois garkveul monakveTSi, (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) danarCen msofliosTan qveynis sasaqonlo (xiluli) vaWrobis amsaxveli angariSi. (ix. sagadamxdelo balansi; mimdinare angariSi). savaldebulo rezervebi (Reserve requirements) komerciuli bankebis saerTo aqtivebSi, rezervebis savaldebulo proporcia, romelsac centraluri banki awesebs. es Tanxebi uzrunvelyofen momxmareblebis yoveldRiuri moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas da zRudaven kreditebis gacemas. saqarTveloSi komerciuli bankebis es rezervebi inaxeba seb-Si. sakorespondento angariSebi (Correspondent accounts) bankebis angariSebi sxva bankebSi, romlebic gamoiyeneba klientTa saxeliT bankTaSoris angariSsworebaSi. maTi moculoba damokidebulia saangariSsworebo sistemis moqnilobaze da bankebis survilze gascen sesxi. samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi _ sfi (Consumer price index - CPI) inflaciis sazomi indeqsi, romelic warmoadgens samomxmareblo saqonlis da momsaxurebis fiqsirebuli kalaTis nominaluri Rirebulebis fardobas amave kalaTis sabaziso wlis fasebSi gamosaxul RirebulebasTan. samuSao Zala (Labour) rogorc fizikuri (magaliTaT, manqanis awyoba), ise inteleqtualuri (magaliTad, maragis aRricxvis sistemis Seqmna) Sromis SenaZeni sawarmoo procesSi. saprocento ganakveTi (Interest rate) msesxeblis mier kreditorisTvis ZiriTadi valis garda gadasaxdeli Tanxa, gamoxatuli ZiriTadi valis procentebSi; fuladi resursebis gadacemis sabazro fasi. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 101 ekonomikuri glosariumi sarezervo fuli (Reserve money) aseve moixsenieba rogorc fulis baza an “Zlieri saxazino Tamasuqi (valdebuleba ) (Treasury bill) finansTa saministros an centraluri bankis mier gamoSvebuli, gansazRvruli saprocento ganakveTis mqone, moklevadiani (erT welze naklebi) fasiani qaRaldi, romelic warmoadgens mTavrobis mier Tamasuqis mflobelisagan sesxis aRebis damamtkicebel sabuTs. saxazino Tamasuqi erT-erTi instrumentia, romlis meSveobiTac centraluri banki akontrolebs mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis moculobas. (ix. obligacia) socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema (Social Safety Net) socialurad naklebad uzrunvelyofili fenebisTvis _ mcireSemosavliani ojaxebisTvis, umuSevrebisTvis, pensionerebisTvis, invalidebisTvis, martoxela mSoblebisTvis da a.S. daxmarebis aRmoCenis sistema. savaluto rezervebi (Foreign currency (exchange) reserves) ucxouri valutisa da oqros maragi, romelic gamoiyeneba sagadamxdelo balansis deficitis Sesavsebad. sterilizacia (Sterilisation) ama Tu im eknomikuri RonisZiebis Tanmdevi arasasurveli efeqtis gabaTileba sxva ekonomikuri RonisZiebiT. magaliTad, samTavrobo dakreditebis gazrdis Sedegad fuladi maragis zrdis Tavidan asacileblad, erovnuli banki ucxouri valutis gayidviT amcirebs mimoqcevaSi arsebuli adgilobrivi valutis moculobas. uimedo sesxi (Bad loan) gasesxebuli Tanxa, romlis ukan dabruneba aRar aris mosalodneli (magaliTad, mevale gakotrda). aseTi sesxebi miekuTvneba xarjebs da Camoiwereba. fardobiTi upiratesoba (Comparative advantage) qveynis unari ufro naklebi danaxarjebiT awarmoos garkveuli saqoneli vidre meore qveyanam. (ix. absoluturi upiratesoba) fasiani qaRaldebi (Securities) kapitalis mozidvis finansuri instrumenti. ZiriTadi fasiani qaRaldebia: aqcia, obligacia, Tamasuqi, saxazino valdebuleba. faqtoruli resursebi, warmoebis resursebi 102 fuli”, Seicavs M0-sa da komerciul bankebSi arsebul sxvadasxva rezervebs. sarezervo fulis moculobas uSualod centraluri banki akontrolebs. romlebic gamoiyeneba firmebis mier saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 ekonomikuri glosariumi faqtorebi (Factors of production) faqtoruli Rirebuleba (Factor cost) saqonlis an momsaxurebis warmoebisas. gamoyofen sawarmoo faqtorebis sam ZiriTad jgufs: miwa, samuSao Zala da kapitali. saqonlis an momsaxurebis Rirebuleba daxarjuli faqtoruli resursebis gamosaxulebaSi. faqtoruli Semosavali an erovnuli Semosavali (Factor income or national income) drois mocemul periodSi SinameurneobaTa saerTo fuladi Semosavali miRebuli biznesisTvis faqtoruli resursebis mowodebis sanacvlod. fiskaluri politika (Fiscal policy) sagadasaxado-sabiujeto politika. sagadasaxado sistemisa da saxelmwifo xarjebis struqturis saTanado marTviT qveynis ekonomikur aqtiurobaze zemoqmedebis meqanizmi. fuladi baza (Monetary base) ix. sarezervo fuli fuladi politika (Monetary policy) qveynis ekonomikur aqtiurobaze zemoqmedeba fulis moculobis, dakreditebisa da saprocento ganakveTebis struqturis saTanado marTviT. fulis mimoqcevis siCqare (Velocity of money circulation) indeqsi, romelic gviCvenebs Tu, periodis ganmavlobaSi, saSualod gamoiyeneba angariSsworebisTvis fuladi erTeuli. gamoiTvleba V = PY M , sadac, V aris fulis garkveuli ramdenjer TiToeuli formuliT: mimoqcevis siCqare; M _ fulis moculoba (M2 an M3); Y _ realuri mSp; P _ mSp-s deflatori. fulis multiplikatori (Money multiplier) sabanko sistemas, sadepozito angariSebze miRebuli Tanxebis gasesxebiT, axali depozitebis Seqmnis (anu fulis gamravlebis) unari gaaCnia. fulis multiplikatori aris am gamravlebis koeficienti. sem-Si fulis multiplikatori gamoiTvleba M2-is an M3-is sarezervo fulTan SefardebiT. arsebobs misi gamoTvlis sxva gzebic. (ix. sarezervo fuli; rezervebi; savaldebulo rezervebi) Sinameurneoba (Household) erT saerTo sacxovrebel farTobze da erTi saojaxo biujetiT mcxovreb adamianTa erToblioba. SeRavaTiani periodi (Grace period) kreditis dabrunebis periodi, ganmavlobaSi mxolod saprocento gadaxda xdeba. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 romlis ganakveTis 103 ekonomikuri glosariumi Crdilovani ekonomika (Black, grey, underground, shadow economy) faruli ekonomikuri garigebebis erToblioba, romlis arsebobis safuZveli _ gadasaxadebisagan Tavis aridebis an aralegaluri qmedebis damalvis survilia. centraluri banki (Central bank) qveynis mTavari banki, romelic moqmedebs rogorc mTavrobisa da sxva bankebis banki da pasuxismgebelia qveyanaSi fuladi politikis ganxorcielebaze. saqarTveloSi _ saqarTvelos erovnuli banki (seb). wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi aqtivebi _ waa (Net domestic assets - NDA) rogorc wesi, jami ama Tu im sakredito dawesebulebis adgilobrivi sakuTrebisa da ekonomikis adgilobrivi subieqtebis mimarT moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis sxvaobisa. semSi, rogorc wesi saubaria saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis waa-ze (ix. aqtivebi, wminda ucxouri aqtivebi) wminda ucxouri aqtivebi _ wua (Net foreign assets - NFA) rogorc wesi, jami ama Tu im sakredito dawesebulebis ucxoeTSi mdebare sakuTrebisa da sazRvargareT ganlagebuli ekonomikuri subieqtebis mimarT moTxovnebis da valdebulebebis sxvaobisa. jinis koeficienti (Gini coefficient) ix. lorencis mrudi. hiperinflacia (Hyperinflation) Zalian maRali inflacia. xSirad ganisazrvreba rogorc inflacia romlis Tviuri done, drois xangrZlivi monakveTis (eqvsi Tve da meti) ganmavlobaSi, 50 procents aRemateba. 104 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #3 statistikuri danarTi sarCevi* cxrili A2.1: sagadamxdelo balansi, 1999 w. I kv cxrili A2.2: eleqtroenergiis miwodeba cxrili A2.3: miwodebuli eleqtroenergia da gadaxdili safasuri cxrili A3.1: konsolidirebuli biujeti, ianvari-agvisto 1999 w. cxrili A4.1: saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis angariSebi cxrili A4.2: komerciuli bankebis konsolidirebuli angariSebi cxrili A4.3: monetaruli mimoxilva cxrili A4.4: laris nominaliri da realuri gacvliTi kursebi cxrili A5.1a: sagareo savaWro balansi, 1999 w. I nax. cxrili A5.1b: sagareo savaWro balansi, 1999 w. I nax. (gagrZeleba) cxrili A6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis dafuZneba mxareebis mizedviT 1991 w. 1 aprilis mdgomareobiT cxrili A6.2: saaqcio sazogadoebebis dafuZneba mxareebis mizedviT 1991 w. 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT cxrili A6.3: mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT 1991 w. 1 aprilis mdgomareobiT cxrili A6.4: mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT 1991 w. 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT cxrili A7.1a: ekonomikuri statusi qalaqad da soflad, 1999 w. I da II kv. (aTasi kaci) cxrili A7.1b: ekonomikuri statusi qalaqad da soflad, 1999 w. I da II kv. (procenti) * cxrilis pirveli cifri miuTiTebs imaze, Tu romel Tavs ekuTvnis esa Tu is cxrili. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #3 105 cxrili A2.1: 2.1 : sagadamxdelo balansi, 1999 w. I kv. (aTasi aSS dolari) 1999 w. I kv. 1998 w. I kv. cvlileba mimdinare angariSis balansi -75782 -104466 28684 saqoneli -96402 -182364 85962 59615 62502 -2887 -156017 -244866 88849 -20137 -19621 -516 61528 67378 -5850 -81664 -86999 5335 8626 44019 -35393 21313 61900 -40587 -38687 krediti debiti arafaqtoruli momsaxureba krediti debiti faqtoruli momsaxureba krediti momsaxureTa xelfasebi debiti mimdinare transfertebi krediti momsaxureTa gzavnilebi debiti kapitalisa da finansuri angariSebi 21313 60000 -12686 -17881 5195 32131 53500 -21369 33197 56500 -23303 14375 37679 -23304 -1066 -3000 1934 35214 55731 -20517 kapitalis angariSi -1690 -1690 0 finansuri angariSi 36904 57421 -20517 pirdapiri investiciebi 24951 19143 5808 portfilios investiciebi 15306 0 15306 sxva investiciebi sarezervo aqtivebi wminda Sexdomebi da gamotovebebi wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti -22299 4902 -27201 18875 33373 -14498 21693 48734 cxrili A2.2 : eleqtroenergiis miwodeba (gvtsT) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1995 Ikv adgilobrivi miwodeba hidroeleqtrosadgurebi engurhesi privatizebuli da saijaro sawarmoebi Termoeleqtrosadgurebi gardabnis Tesi saxelmwifo warmoeba wminda importi ruseTi TurqeTi azerbaijani sasomxeTi qselSi mTliani miwodeba wyaro: saqenergo IIkv 1996 IIIkv IVkv Ikv IIkv 1997 IIIkv IVkv Ikv IIkv 1998 IIIkv IVkv Ikv 7 770 7 985 8 274 9 035 1 650 1 988 1 871 2 261 1 679 2 039 2 061 2 206 2 080 1 872 1 813 2 509 6 206 6 010 6 044 6 391 1 155 1 669 1 695 1 687 869 1 649 1 831 1 661 1 225 1 332 1 517 1 970 3 075 860 2 725 2 109 3 136 488 807 1 043 737 220 771 1 016 718 515 176 591 870 1 111 947 188 228 176 268 166 242 230 232 232 304 272 307 307 91 91 0 0 306 306 644 630 148 146 0 0 313 312 623 236 617 236 24 24 8 088 1 462 1 760 1 695 1 993 1 513 1 797 1 831 1 974 1 848 1 568 1 541 704 704 1 105 1 119 1 697 1 088 1 109 1 669 6 910 7 115 7 163 IIkv 2 256 1999 IIIkv IVkv Ikv IIkv 2 386 2 122 2 271 2 027 1 250 2 003 1 806 1 332 930 1 850 2 353 827 477 996 1 090 573 273 796 303 221 301 219 206 159 250 236 785 90 733 723 938 926 253 775 82 81 97 232 2 206 2 035 2 085 1 903 2 065 1 868 2 103 245 752 121 191 -95 365 163 69 155 151 -11 -79 60 47 87 -27 84 214 -192 -195 78 250 95 418 404 306 535 164 93 63 98 89 67 27 221 74 61 60 111 299 31 6 199 71 173 -237 -462 -785 90 38 0 45 50 -63 -103 -121 -22 -116 -150 -174 -153 -218 -207 -207 0 161 -46 337 -8 111 32 6 12 12 -15 -3 -40 -5 136 63 143 3 -19 1 7 -2 10 163 6 0 4 65 14 5 79 181 5 90 -61 61 8 465 8 940 1 959 1 786 2 593 2 470 2 194 1 927 2 349 2 277 2 448 8 522 8 106 2 015 2 151 1 940 2 416 1 830 2 028 1 982 2 266 2 127 wyaro: saqenergo eleqtroenergiis moxmareba mrewveloba miwodebuli eleqtroenergia (mgvtsT) miRebuli Tanxa (%) saSualo tarifi (TeTri) sabiujeto organizaciebi miwodebuli eleqtroenergia (mgvtsT) miRebuli Tanxa (%) saSualo tarifi (TeTri) mosaxleoba miwodebuli eleqtroenergia (mgvtsT) miRebuli Tanxa (%) saSualo tarifi (TeTri) sxva miwodebuli eleqtroenergia (mgvtsT) miRebuli Tanxa (%) saSualo tarifi (TeTri) eleqtroenergiis danakargebi (mgvtsT) sul miRebuli Tanxa (% ) naRdi fulis saxiT Semosuli Tanxa (% ) realuri gadaxda saSualo tarifis mixedviT (TeTri ) 80 300 94,2 4,20 16 700 142,0 4,50 240 700 25,9 3,10 47 800 50,2 4,50 51 800 52,94 38,0 1,89 17 600 56,8 4,50 295 800 28,6 2,89 67 600 92,0 4,50 83 540 59,71 41,1 2,08 Teb 95 400 100,0 4,40 ian cxrili A2.3 : miwodebuli eleqtroenergia da gadaxdili safasuri. 63,64 45,8 2,26 46 500 51,1 4,50 47 400 240 300 34,8 3,10 16 490 289,0 4,50 80 100 85,0 4,20 mar 42,88 51,5 1,57 60 100 73,6 4,06 45 880 215 200 29,9 3,17 19 170 47,9 4,5 87 270 44,9 4,44 apr 65,54 45,3 2,39 46 500 98 3,96 45 200 167 100 37 3,09 14 600 156,8 4,5 79 600 73,3 4,43 mai 1997 109,44 35,6 4,07 43 300 182,7 3,9 15 300 150 200 60,7 3,2 14 700 160,6 4,5 78 400 131,4 4,45 ivn 59,87 51,0 2,25 46 900 68,5 4,24 22 200 170 800 36,7 3,25 16 340 45,6 4,5 69 510 98,8 4,49 ivl 53,25 79,2 2,23 43 900 57,8 4,33 22 700 170 900 60,2 4,0 17 500 94,4 4,5 90 500 31,5 4,49 agv 77,43 29,9 3,43 45 900 99,2 4,49 30 000 147 800 61,1 4,37 17 700 122,3 4,5 61 900 86,1 4,5 seq 66,38 23,1 2,95 45 800 63,6 4,5 26 300 177 000 64,4 4,38 22 000 91,2 4,5 84 600 65,5 4,5 oqt 60,40 35,8 2,63 60 700 48,0 4,42 33 100 202 300 26,0 4,32 26 900 91,8 4,5 85 500 140,8 4,3 noe 105,25 17,7 4,55 59 004 54,6 4,45 51 491 267 400 22,0 4,33 32 551 29,4 4,5 90 000 428,6 4,15 dek 37,86 59,3 1,64 88 500 46,5 4,42 33 100 278 200 26,0 4,33 17 800 104,2 4,5 62 700 59,2 4,2 ian 46,63 60,2 2,05 89 100 50,5 4,5 36 900 217 200 33,0 4,33 17 700 206,3 4,5 38 900 38,5 4,43 Teb 70,04 16,5 3,07 61 000 118,1 4,5 69 000 248 200 52,0 4,3 19 300 103,3 4,5 92 600 77,6 4,5 mar 194 600 46,0 4,2 47 600 93,0 4,4 46 000 201 600 37,0 4,19 60 800 89,0 4,12 57 600 68,64 51,5 2,84 15 200 80,8 4,5 17 300 72,1 4,5 60,75 32,3 2,50 90 900 105,0 3,79 mai 101 800 91,7 3,86 apr 1998 66,11 27,8 2,84 47 600 74,0 4,5 72 800 209 600 58,0 4,3 13 600 73,7 4,5 78 800 82,0 4,1 ivn 53 700 98,0 4,3 50 000 63,60 47,4 2,72 198 300 44,1 4,22 16 300 93,9 4,5 71 800 83,4 4,34 ivl 49 700 99,0 4,5 57 200 53,16 36,5 2,20 190 100 27,0 4,19 9 600 162,4 4,5 68 300 77,0 3,64 agv 80 900 155,4 4,5 49 000 67,85 23,4 2,94 195 900 27,8 4,46 9 800 54,4 4,5 55 300 86,2 3,6 seq 50,34 57,3 2,78 49 900 112,0 5,5 62 800 204 100 28,0 5,9 12 300 95,1 6 83 800 68,0 4,5 oqt 19,36 31,4 1,11 48 700 49,3 5,75 73 100 252 300 8,0 5,9 12 600 56,1 6 61 600 37,6 5,08 noe 31,03 51,9 1,78 48 000 71,0 5,42 75 900 247 700 11,3 5,9 14 700 52,9 6 64 600 80,0 5,2 dek 30,08 21,1 1,68 63 200 90,0 4,19 60 500 259 200 17,0 5,9 13 700 31,1 6 48 300 45,0 5,6 ian 1999 30,88 48,9 1,69 66 500 80,0 4,19 61 000 270 500 18,4 5,8 16 700 39,1 6 50 900 50,0 5,1 Teb 73,16 71,8 3,91 61 700 135,6 4,2 33 800 248 500 60,3 5,93 12 700 93,4 6 76 200 77,0 4,25 mar 44,51 57,2 2,43 191 400 101,27 4,19 155 300 778 200 31,45 5,88 43 100 52,31 6,0 175 400 58,65 4,98 Ikv cxrili A3.1: 3.1 : konsolidirebuli biujeti, ianvari-agvisto 1999 w. (milioni lari) cwntraluri biujeti sul Semosavlebi da grantebi sul Semosavlebi sagadasaxado Semosavlebi arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi kapitaluri Semosavlebi grantebi centraluri biujetidan miRebuli transfertebi 313,4 specialuri saxelmwifo fondebi 102,1 adgilobrivi biujetebi konsolidirebuli biujeti 200,5 573,9 292,1 89,3 171,1 552,5 272,7 89,3 149,1 511,2 12,1 10,4 22,6 7,2 11,5 21,4 18,8 21,4 12,7 29,4 xarjebi da wminda dakrediteba 425,9 132,4 199 715,1 deficiti -112,4 -30,3 1,5 141,2 deficitis dafinanseba adgilobrivi wyaroebidan ucxouri wyaroebidan saxelmwifo vali periodis bolos 112,4 30,3 47,4 30,3 65 4351,5 4351,5 adgilobrivi 1278,8 1278,8 sagareo 3072,8 3072,8 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti cxrili A4.1: saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis angariSebi (aTasi lari) 1998 w. ivn wminda ucxouri aqtivebi ucxouri valuta ssf-is resursebis gamoyeneba sxva wminda ucxouri aqtivebi (1 ) wminda aqtivebi erovnul valutaSi wminda moTxovnebi mTavrobisadmi wminda moTxovnebi bankebisadmi sxva wminda moTxovnebi sarezervo fuli banknotebi da monetebi mimoqcevaSi bankebis depozitebi savaldebulo rezervebi naSTi sakorespondento angariSebze 1999 w. ivl -177 341 agv -210 076 seq -203 496 oqt -266 556 noe -300 443 dek -349 414 ian -332 739 Teb -384 345 mar -427 709 apr -416 685 mai -367 968 ivn -368 044 -363 305 160 456 129 462 184 870 139 475 127 205 108 267 213 197 242 765 255 498 219 264 186 145 188 734 176 149 -337 982 -339 723 -388 551 -406 218 -427 835 -457 868 -546 335 -627 509 -683 470 -636 401 -554 565 -556 907 -539 376 185 185 185 187 187 187 399 399 263 452 452 129 -77 449 370 488 191 485 307 512 257 533 315 557 385 592 458 657 682 694 991 679 390 632 418 640 889 630 413 478 258 522 140 521 004 537 565 539 802 543 273 507 884 524 200 529 231 621 724 629 661 640 566 640 781 2 154 1 062 1 722 -1 024 3 576 1 793 6 556 6 093 4 072 3 602 3 157 3 095 2 539 -31 041 -35 012 -37 418 -24 284 -10 063 12 320 78 018 127 389 161 688 54 064 -400 -2 772 -12 907 272 030 278 115 281 812 245 701 232 872 207 971 259 719 273 338 267 282 262 705 264 450 272 845 267 108 236 768 246 912 250 236 211 840 195 465 179 577 221 975 238 385 231 128 221 717 225 252 226 795 224 948 35 261 31 203 31 576 33 861 37 407 28 394 37 744 34 954 36 154 40 988 39 198 46 050 17 873 17 389 18 343 12 860 18 309 13 267 24 287 9 574 22 617 14 790 22 021 6 373 18 050 19 694 22 860 12 094 27 517 8 636 28 769 12 219 29 497 9 700 31 046 15 003 42 160 31 721 10 439 wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki. SeniSvna: (1) cxrilebSi A 4.1- A 4.3 1999 wlis ianvridan: 1 aSS dolari = 2 lari cxrili A4.2: 4.2: komerciuli bankebis konsolidirebuli angariSebi (aTasi lari) 1998 w. ivn mai ivn 21 392 56 125 19 406 54 296 11 431 49 025 15 935 53 997 12 245 63 294 13 748 82 799 8 514 91 120 8 494 93 723 1 257 87 449 9 341 85 992 10 743 92 165 3 473 89 654 -35 374 -36 544 -36 572 -39 281 -39 260 -52 082 -69 669 -83 370 -85 544 -86 502 -76 918 -81 772 -87 025 2 048 1 811 1 681 1 687 1 198 1 033 618 764 315 311 268 349 845 moTxovnebi centraluri da adgilobrivi mTavrobisad 141 757 199 470 -2 087 139 847 202 192 -3 701 150 362 218 794 5 116 140 176 215 849 -595 125 990 205 283 -8 686 120 917 215 653 -9 802 142 601 224 209 -13 950 172 294 262 820 -10 416 195 824 289 960 -10 625 195 338 278 332 -13 563 171 203 254 240 -17 855 181 218 252 530 -19 827 197 686 278 574 -14 273 moTxovnebi ekonomikis danarCeni seqtorebisadmi 292 848 valdebulebebi ucxour valutaSi sxva wminda ucxouri aqtivebi 1 ) wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi adgilobrivi krediti agv seq oqt noe 1999 w. ian 24 626 57 952 wminda ucxouri aqtivebi ucxouri valuta ivl dek Teb mar apr 201 557 205 893 213 677 216 443 213 968 225 455 238 159 273 236 300 585 291 894 272 095 272 357 moTxovnebi sawarmoebisadmi (erovnul valutaSi) 64 641 64 764 73 645 68 817 66 641 55 379 57 652 60 038 60 068 59 520 59 344 61 138 61 059 moTxovnebi fizikuri pirebisadmi (erovnul valutaSi) 27 719 27 241 26 793 27 214 31 059 29 002 26 066 23 584 25 232 28 196 27 644 25 642 25 478 sxva moTxovnebi sesxebi ucxour valutaSi sxva wminda aqtivebi sadepozito valdebulebebi depozitebi erovnul valutaSi maT Soris: sawarmoebis mimdinare angariSebi depozitebi ucxour valutaSi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki. SeniSvna: (1) moicavs oqros da wua -s rusul rublebSi 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 109 194 113 885 113 236 120 408 116 264 141 070 154 441 189 613 215 284 204 178 185 107 185 577 206 310 -57 713 -62 346 -68 431 -75 673 -79 292 -94 736 -81 608 -90 526 -94 136 -82 994 -83 036 -71 313 -80 888 166 382 60 762 161 238 57 342 169 768 63 756 151 607 53 261 141 925 45 113 133 162 41 500 156 350 48 943 180 808 48 444 204 319 47 534 196 595 47 184 180 545 44 280 191 961 48 593 201 160 46 328 44 000 105 621 41 058 103 896 48 304 106 012 38 817 98 346 31 940 96 813 27 100 91 662 36 517 107 407 36 342 132 364 34 164 156 785 34 296 149 411 33 484 136 265 36 073 143 368 34 845 154 832 cxrili A4.3: monetaruli mimoxilva (aTasi lari) 1998 w. ivn wminda ucxouri aqtivebi -152 715 ivl agv -188 684 seq -184 090 -255 125 oqt -284 508 noe 1999 w. ian dek -337 169 -318 991 -375 830 Teb -419 215 mar -415 428 apr mai -358 627 ivn -357 301 -359 831 ucxouri valuta 218 408 185 587 239 166 188 500 181 202 171 561 295 995 333 886 349 221 306 712 272 137 280 900 265 802 valdebulebebi ucxour valutaSi -373 356 -376 267 -425 123 -445 499 -467 095 -509 950 -616 004 -711 436 -769 708 -723 596 -632 177 -639 695 -627 417 sxva wminda ucxouri aqtivebi (1 ) 2 233 1 996 1 867 1 874 1 384 1 220 1 017 1 721 1 272 1 456 1 413 1 495 1 784 wminda Sida aqtivebi Sida krediti wminda moTxovnebi saxelmwifo seqtorisadmi wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi wminda moTxovnebi adgilobrivi mTavrobisadmi wminda moTxovnebi sapensio fondisadmi wminda moTxovnebi sxva arasabiujeto fondebisadmi wminda moTxovnebi ekonomikis danarCeni seqtorebisadmi sxva wminda aqtivebi farTo fuli ( M3)) farTo fuli ucx. valutaSi depozitebis gamoklebiT (M2) banknotebi da monetebi mimoqcevaSi banknotebi da monetebi bankebis gareT (M0 ) komerciul bankebSi arsebuli naRdi fuli sadepozito valdebulebebi (erovnul valutaSi) depozitebi ucxour valutaSi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki. SeniSvna: (1) moicavs oqros da wua-s rusul rublebSi 540 046 583 705 584 340 605 641 610 105 639 166 687 534 783 521 844 187 818 927 752 086 763 920 772 618 677 728 724 332 739 797 753 414 745 085 758 925 732 093 787 019 819 190 900 055 883 901 893 096 919 355 476 170 518 439 526 120 536 971 531 117 533 470 493 934 513 784 518 605 608 161 611 807 620 739 484 100 -3 147 -983 -3 800 201 557 -137 682 526 852 -2 544 -1 567 -4 302 205 893 -140 627 535 024 -3 768 -956 -4 181 213 677 -155 458 545 256 -3 166 -891 -4 228 216 443 -147 773 539 835 -2 779 -1 006 -4 933 213 968 -134 980 542 804 -1 739 -1 840 -5 755 225 455 -119 759 518 122 -3 569 -5 154 -15 466 238 159 -44 558 523 028 -5 320 -863 -3 062 273 236 -3 498 527 427 -5 145 -1 098 -2 578 300 585 24 997 615 824 -4 466 -743 -2 462 291 894 -81 128 624 806 -5 080 -1 100 -6 820 272 095 -131 815 631 019 -6 886 -1 235 -2 159 272 357 -129 175 626 508 634 360 -4 741 -941 -2 170 292 848 -146 737 387 331 395 021 400 250 350 516 325 596 301 997 368 544 407 691 424 972 403 500 393 459 406 620 412 787 281 710 291 125 294 238 252 170 228 784 210 335 261 137 275 327 268 188 254 089 257 195 263 252 257 955 236 768 246 912 250 236 211 840 195 465 179 577 221 975 238 385 231 128 221 717 225 252 226 795 224 948 220 948 15 820 60 762 105 621 233 13 57 103 230 19 63 106 198 909 12 931 53 261 98 346 183 671 11 794 45 113 96 813 168 10 41 91 212 9 48 107 226 11 48 132 220 654 10 474 47 534 156 785 206 905 14 813 47 184 149 411 212 12 44 136 214 12 48 143 211 13 46 154 783 129 342 896 482 754 756 012 835 742 500 662 194 781 943 407 883 501 444 364 914 338 280 265 659 137 593 368 627 321 328 832 cxrili A4.4: 4.4: laris (GEL) nominaluri da realuri gacvliTi kursebi nominaluri gacvliTi kursi ( 1 ) GEL/USD 1998 w. 1999 w. wyaroebi : ian Teb mar apr mai ivn ivl agv seq oqt nov dek ian Teb mar apr mai ivn sabazro Tbsb 1,3150 1,3265 1,3325 1,3330 1,3350 1,3355 1,3350 1,3350 1,3470 1,3515 1,3478 1,3465 1,3485 1,3445 1,3510 1,3555 1,3670 1,3645 1,4080 1,4230 1,5350 1,5900 1,6000 1,7450 2,1200 2,1400 2,3500 2,3900 2,2150 2,2250 1,9400 1,9800 1,9900 1,9855 1,9400 1,9475 RUR/GEL Tbsb 4 568 4 539 4 564 4 593 4 585 4 621 4 655 6 293 11 765 11 737 11 507 11 614 10 764 9 747 11 161 12 500 124 224 124 844 sabazro 4 775 4 655 4 625 4 615 4 613 4 715 4 745 6 557 11 111 12 270 12 739 13 387 10 989 8 000 10 929 11 696 12 121 12 571 samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi 1994 w. dekemberi = 100 saqarTvelo 195,19 196,23 196,27 197,17 195,47 193,57 191,17 191,47 191,57 192,57 193,67 205,77 208,37 213,37 215,27 216,57 214,97 213,57 aSS 107,88 108,15 108,35 108,51 108,66 108,82 108,98 109,13 109,29 109,55 109,55 109,49 109,62 109,89 110,22 110,66 110,66 110,66 gacvliTi kursis indeqsebi 1994 w. dekemberi = 100 GEL/USD ruseTi 325,16 334,09 322,59 322,99 323,49 323,59 323,79 327,49 365,89 370,39 381,99 390,49 398,99 403,09 405,89 407,29 405,51 403,93 nominaluri 84,94 85,36 85,52 85,49 86,54 86,22 86,10 86,80 87,38 91,12 101,82 111,74 137,04 153,05 142,48 126,79 127,14 124,71 nominaluri kursebi: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi: saqarTvelo - statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti; aSS - aSS-s mTavroba, Sromis departamenti, Sromis statistikis biuro; ruseTi = "ruseTis ekonomikis mimarTulebebi" GEL/RUR realuri nominaluri 46,95 45,05 47,04 46,21 47,21 46,51 47,05 46,61 48,11 46,63 48,47 45,62 49,08 45,33 49,47 32,80 49,85 32,80 51,84 17,53 57,59 16,89 59,46 16,07 72,09 19,57 78,82 26,89 72,95 19,68 64,79 18,39 65,45 17,75 64,62 17,11 realuri 75,04 78,67 76,44 76,35 77,17 76,26 76,78 56,11 62,65 33,72 33,30 30,49 37,48 50,79 37,11 34,59 33,47 32,36 cxrili A5.1a: 5.1a: sagareo savaWro balansi, 1999 w. I nax. (gagrZeleba momdevno gverdze ) (aTasi aSS dolari ) qveyana sul sagareo savaWro balansi dsT azerbaijani belorusia TurkmeneTi moldova ruseTi somxeTi tajikeTi uzbekeTi ukraina yazaxeTi yirgizeTi sxva qveynebi avstralia avstria angilia andora arabTa gaerTianebuli emiratebi argentina aSS axali zelandia bangladeSi belgia belizi bosnia da hercegovina brazilia bulgareTi gaerTianebuli samefo germania gibraltari dania egvipte ekvadori espaneTi estoneTi virginiis kurZulebi (britaneTi ) zimbabwe TurqeTi iamaika iaponia india indonesia irani irlandia islandia israeli italia wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti eksporti (f.o.b.) 92 541,4 43 756,2 8 272,8 216,6 1 110,0 22,8 18 461,9 8 695,6 469,8 554,2 5 244,8 621,8 85,9 48 785,2 6,3 42,5 2 719,6 0,6 2 561,7 11,9 157,6 0,2 80,0 2 157,1 10 551,9 198,6 48,2 487,1 168,7 14 431,6 145,0 285,9 1 105,5 21,3 186 213,0 importi (c.I.f.) 323 805,9 145 775,8 20 585,2 753,7 2 192,1 137,1 100 359,9 10 052,3 1 057,4 10 194,2 321,1 122,8 178 030,1 878,0 2 559,3 2,3 2,5 5 335,8 4,6 38 860,8 456,2 25,7 3 056,5 121,9 20,1 2 455,4 5 202,5 10 466,0 21 668,2 16,7 2 692,2 25,8 241,3 825,3 40,5 65,8 16,1 26 121,8 3,6 1 876,8 485,4 803,0 1 577,3 960,7 95,6 2 062,3 546- balansi -231 264,5 -102 019,6 -12 312,4 -537,1 -1 082,1 -114,3 -81 898,0 -1 356,7 469,8 -503,2 -4 949,4 300,7 -36,9 -129 245,0 -871,7 -2 516,8 -2,3 -2,5 -2 616,2 -4,0 -36 299,1 -444,3 -25,7 -2 898,9 -121,7 -20,1 -2 455,4 -5 122,5 -8 308,9 -11 116,3 -16,7 -2 493,6 22,4 -241,3 -338,2 128,2 -65,8 -16,1 -11 690,2 -3,6 -1 731,8 -199,5 -803,0 -471,8 -939,4 -95,6 -1 882,3 753,0 cxrili A5.1b: 5.1b: sagareo savaWro balansi, 1999 w. I nax. (dasawyisi wina gverdze ) (aTasi aSS dolari ) qveyana iugoslavia kanada kviprosi kolumbia koreis respublika koreis saxalxo demokratiuli respublika kot-devuari latvia libani livia litva lixtenSteini luksemburgiLuxembourg makedonia maroko monako monRoleTi nigeria niderlandebi norvegia pakistani panama poloneTi portugalia rumineTi saberZneTi samxreT afrikis respublika san-marino safrangeTi singapuri siria slovakia slovenia taivani tailandi ungreTi fineTi Sveicaria Svecia Sri lanka CexeTis respublikaCzech Rep. CineTi xorvatia hondurasi wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti eksporti (f.o.b.) importi (c.I.f.) 183,0 98,3 328,5 453,0 36778,0 1 138,3 97,0 2,0 204,0 1 360,6 145,8 563,8 2,0 15,0 46,9 220,4 0,1 0,4 3 797,7 191,4 7,0 520,5 1 965,7 138,9 2 129,0 7 600,3 108,3 6,3 7 970,6 520,4 219,4 67,5 1 252,3 34,6 18,7 2 764,3 2 092,0 3 771,6 258,0 24,0 1 299,2 1 361,2 20,6 - 152,1 276,7 362,1 222,4 1 495,4 57,7 247,3 132,1 17,0 267,7 431,1 350,8 929,0 29,2 28,3 0,1 146,7 684,8 2,6 712,9 54,1 1,0 - balansi 270,0 261,7 441,5 8,0 1 138,3 97,0 2,0 51,9 1 360,6 145,8 287,1 360,1 15,0 46,9 220,4 0,1 222,4 0,4 2 302,3 133,7 7,0 273,2 1 833,6 121,9 1 861,3 7 169,2 108,3 6,3 7 619,8 408,6 219,4 38,3 1 224,0 34,6 18,6 2 617,6 2 092,0 3 086,8 255,4 24,0 586,3 1 307,1 20,6 1,0 cxrili A6.1 6.1: 6.1 : saaqcio sazogadoebebis dafuZneba mxareebis mixedviT, 1999 w. 1 aprilis mdgomareobiT (sawarmoTa ricxvi) raioni (qalaqi) damtkicebulia s/s gardasaqmnel obieqtTa nusxaSi afxazeTi aWara Tbilisi guria lanCxuTi ozurgeTi Coxatauri raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi ambrolauri lentexi oni cageri samegrelo da zemo svaneTi abaSa zugdidi martvili mestia senaki Cxorowyu walenjixa xobi foTi imereTi quTaisi tyibuli wyaltubo WiaTura baRdaTi vani zestafoni Terjola samtredia saCxere xaragauli xoni kaxeTi axmeta gurjaani dedofliswyaro Telavi lagodexi sagarejo siRnaRi yvareli mcxeTa-TianeTi axalgori duSeTi TianeTi mcxeTa yazbegi samcxe-javaxeTi adigeni aspinZa axalqalaqi axalcixe borjomi ninowminda qvemo qarTli rusTavi bolnisi gardabani dmanisi TeTriwyaro marneuli walka Sida qarTli cxinvali gori kaspi qareli xaSuri java sul dafuZnebulia da registrirebulia s/s sul 34 86 392 55 12 34 9 0 33 360 52 11 33 8 11 6 1 1 3 8 3 2 1 2 158 9 45 12 1 22 14 19 11 25 216 75 16 18 15 10 9 23 14 17 4 7 8 111 10 22 8 26 10 13 13 9 39 1 12 2 23 1 47 2 3 8 13 20 1 95 32 9 18 6 11 17 2 63 0 30 14 7 12 0 1 307 155 8 45 12 0 22 14 19 11 24 210 71 16 13 14 8 11 24 16 16 4 6 11 100 10 20 7 23 10 13 10 7 41 1 12 2 23 3 38 2 1 7 13 14 1 88 33 7 17 2 10 17 2 64 0 30 14 9 11 0 1 149 wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro SeniSvna: am cxrilis pirvel svetSi mocemulia saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli sawarmoebi, xolo meoreSi - is sawarmoebi, romlebic faqtiurad iqnen Sefasebuli da Camoyalibebuli rogorc saaqcio sazogadoebebi. cxrili ar moicavs faqtiurad privatizebul sawarmoebs. meore svetSi mocemuli cifrebi SesaZloa aRemetebodes pirvel svetSi mocemul cifrebs, radganac zogierTi sawarmo korporatizaciis Sedegad gaiyo. cxrili A6.2: 6.2 : saaqcio sazogadoebebis dafuZneba mxareebis mixedviT, 1999 w. 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT (sawarmoTa ricxvi) raioni (qalaqi) damtkicebulia s/s gardasaqmnel obieqtTa nusxaSi afxazeTi aWara Tbilisi guria lanCxuTi ozurgeTi Coxatauri raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi ambrolauri lentexi oni cageri samegrelo da zemo svaneTi abaSa zugdidi martvili mestia senaki Cxorowyu walenjixa xobi foTi imereTi quTaisi tyibuli wyaltubo WiaTura baRdaTi vani zestafoni Terjola samtredia saCxere xaragauli xoni kaxeTi axmeta gurjaani dedofliswyaro Telavi lagodexi sagarejo siRnaRi yvareli mcxeTa-TianeTi axalgori duSeTi TianeTi mcxeTa yazbegi samcxe-javaxeTi adigeni aspinZa axalqalaqi axalcixe borjomi ninowminda qvemo qarTli rusTavi bolnisi gardabani dmanisi TeTriwyaro marneuli walka Sida qarTli cxinvali gori kaspi qareli xaSuri java sul dafuZnebulia da registrirebulia s/s sul 34 86 392 55 12 34 9 0 33 363 52 11 33 8 12 6 2 1 3 8 3 2 1 2 163 9 47 12 1 23 14 20 12 25 224 75 16 18 15 10 11 24 16 17 4 7 11 112 11 22 8 26 10 13 13 9 41 1 12 2 23 3 47 2 3 8 13 20 1 96 33 9 18 6 11 17 2 66 0 30 14 9 13 0 1 328 160 8 47 12 0 23 14 20 12 24 211 71 16 13 14 9 11 24 16 16 4 6 11 102 11 20 8 23 10 13 10 7 41 1 12 2 23 3 38 2 1 7 13 14 1 88 33 7 17 2 10 17 2 66 0 30 14 9 13 0 1 162 wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro SeniSvna: am cxrilis pirvel svetSi mocemulia saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli sawarmoebi, xolo meoreSi - is sawarmoebi, romlebic faqtiurad iqnen Sefasebuli da Camoyalibebuli rogorc saaqcio sazogadoebebi. cxrili ar moicavs faqtiurad privatizebul sawarmoebs. meore svetSi mocemuli cifrebi SesaZloa aRemetebodes pirvel svetSi mocemul cifrebs, radganac zogierTi sawarmo korporatizaciis Sedegad gaiyo. cxrili A6.3: 6.3 : mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT 1999 w. 1 aprilis mdgomareobiT (sawarmoTa ricxvi) raioni (qalaqi ) afxazeTi aWara Tbilisi guria lanCxuTi ozurgeTi Coxatauri raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi ambrolauri lentexi oni cageri samegrelo da zemo svaneTi abaSa zugdidi martvili mestia senaki Cxorowyu walenjixa xobi foTi imereTi quTaisi tyibuli wyaltubo WiaTura baRdaTi vani zestafoni Terjola samtredia saCxere xaragauli xoni kaxeTi axmeta gurjaani dedofliswyaro Telavi lagodexi sagarejo siRnaRi yvareli mcxeTa-TianeTi axalgori duSeTi TianeTi mcxeTa yazbegi samcxe-javaxeTi adigeni aspinZa axalqalaqi axalcixe borjomi ninowminda qvemo qarTli rusTavi bolnisi gardabani dmanisi TeTriwyaro marneuli walka Sida qarTli cxinvali gori kaspi qareli xaSuri java sqms sul damtkicebuli saprivatizaciod privatizebulia sul 2 - - 308 149 - 4 399 4 091 303 s/s sawesdebo kapitalSi Semavali obiqtebi privatizebulia 1999w. - 103 384 21 - 412 - - 59 78 - 190 214 - 54 92 - 155 220 3 3 40 - 14 - 2 56 72 - 38 - 42 53 - 28 57 - 1 061 1 394 84 86 - 3 207 257 - 7 51 71 17 29 50 likvidirebuli sul 50 1 18 - 23 1 4 165 - 9 281 13 - 2 19 12 18 - 1 5 249 431 - 140 104 35 49 39 41 - 1 - 15 129 122 - - 60 256 339 2 422 2 658 596 723 - - 23 3 12 42 17 185 577 71 211 219 179 249 267 3 10 28 225 253 7 68 44 64 99 - 65 85 - 1 17 355 333 - 12 48 129 137 - 330 377 4 90 74 3 47 53 - 3 14 53 78 - 1 35 1 031 1 111 71 181 175 148 - 18 28 131 134 - 75 97 208 228 - 66 - 59 16 13 - 130 20 19 - 1 66 36 - 1 126 49 19 34 2 3 36 3 10 - 15 130 196 - - 34 120 112 - - 37 275 297 - 21 71 1 12 15 13 - 79 90 - 51 54 - 8 12 114 130 - 12 42 16 10 - 541 676 8 104 1 10 65 54 1 34 - 50 46 - 237 322 141 198 - 19 22 1 110 348 386 - - 6 3 8 7 - 56 20 1 4 20 - 4 58 67 - 164 212 - - 16 61 - - 110 112 278 240 - 30 32 - 761 797 - - 5 4 29 1 004 - 6 1 154 60 36 7 4 17 6 - 10 24 47 163 5 - 5 290 322 - 19 - 167 92 - - 15 131 156 - - 64 173 222 - - - - 52 23 - 261 261 6 12 523 13 148 136 955 wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro SeniSvna: imis gamo rom aqcionirebis procesSi zogierTi sawarmo gaiyo, gayiduli sawarmoebis ricxvi SeiZleba aRematebodes gasayidaT damtkicebulTa ricxvs. 32 1 652 cxrili A6.4 6.4: 6.4 : mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT 1999 w. 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT (sawarmoTa ricxvi) raioni (qalaqi ) afxazeTi aWara Tbilisi guria lanCxuTi ozurgeTi Coxatauri raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi ambrolauri lentexi oni cageri samegrelo da zemo svaneTi abaSa zugdidi martvili mestia senaki Cxorowyu walenjixa xobi foTi imereTi quTaisi tyibuli wyaltubo WiaTura baRdaTi vani zestafoni Terjola samtredia saCxere xaragauli xoni kaxeTi axmeta gurjaani dedofliswyaro Telavi lagodexi sagarejo siRnaRi yvareli mcxeTa-TianeTi axalgori duSeTi TianeTi mcxeTa yazbegi samcxe-javaxeTi adigeni aspinZa axalqalaqi axalcixe borjomi ninowminda qvemo qarTli rusTavi bolnisi gardabani dmanisi TeTriwyaro marneuli walka Sida qarTli cxinvali gori kaspi qareli xaSuri java sqms sul damtkicebuli saprivatizaciod privatizebulia sul 2 s/s sawesdebo kapitalSi Semavali obiqtebi privatizebulia 1999w. likvidirebuli sul - - - 309 149 - 21 - 4 443 4 408 412 - 304 420 384 - 59 78 191 214 - 54 92 - 155 - 3 - - 71 17 3 40 - 14 220 - 56 72 - 29 38 - 42 53 - 28 57 - 1 062 1 395 84 83 - 3 207 257 - 7 50 51 - 2 12 18 - 1 5 249 434 3 140 104 2 - 35 2 18 23 1 8 50 50 1 - 9 - 165 281 13 19 23 40 41 - - 15 129 122 - - 60 256 339 3 12 42 2 410 2 666 25 185 577 71 211 603 723 - 220 179 - 220 270 6 10 28 225 254 8 68 44 64 100 - 1 65 88 357 333 - 129 137 - 330 377 4 90 74 3 47 53 - - 3 60 78 1 036 1 099 175 148 - 131 134 - 80 208 49 36 1 17 12 48 - 20 19 59 3 14 - 16 1 35 5 71 181 18 28 97 1 34 2 229 1 3 36 3 10 66 66 126 117 13 - 3 15 130 196 - - 120 112 - - 283 303 - 15 13 - 79 90 51 54 116 130 - 22 16 - 543 707 35 65 58 5 29 34 51 52 238 326 141 215 19 22 1 091 1 117 351 386 - 4 58 67 - 6 248 212 - - 16 61 - - 110 116 34 278 242 37 21 71 - 1 12 - 8 12 - 5 12 - - 42 - 8 104 - 6 6 8 1 7 17 - 10 7 - 56 20 8 33 1 807 12 7 6 10 161 24 5 - 5 - 19 167 101 136 154 174 225 - - 273 273 18 13 528 531 52 15 - 62 23 - 12 681 - - 3 - 17 47 - 322 - 60 36 293 9 154 4 2 30 4 20 5 770 - 19 955 wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro SeniSvna: imis gamo rom aqcionirebis procesSi zogierTi sawarmo gaiyo, gayiduli sawarmoebis ricxvi SeiZleba aRematebodes gasayidaT damtkicebulTa ricxvs. 32 1 650 cxrili A7.1a: ekonomikuri statusi qalaqad da soflad, 1999 w. I da II kv. (aTasi kaci ) mosaxleoba qalaqad sul, 15 welze ufrosi mosaxleoba ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (1 ) ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (2 ) dasaqmebuli daqiravebuli TviT-dasaqmebuli gaurkveveli momuSave umuSevari (1 ) umuSevari (2 ) registrirebuli araregistrirebuli sxva (1 ) sxva (2 ) mosaxleoba samuSao Zalis gareT (1 ) mosaxleoba samuSao Zalis gareT (2 ) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (1 ) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (2 ) 1,644,0 926,5 961,6 695,9 519,8 166,5 9,7 230,6 265,7 5,3 224,4 0,9 36,0 717,6 682,4 24,9 27,6 1999 w. I kv. soflad 1,387,4 1,091,1 1,096,5 1,029,5 217,1 806,5 5,9 61,6 67,0 2,9 58,4 0,2 5,6 296,4 291,0 5,6 6,1 sul/saSualod 3,031,5 2,017,5 2,058,1 1,725,4 736,9 973,0 15,6 292,2 332,7 8,2 282,9 1,1 41,7 1,014,0 973,4 14,5 16,2 qalaqad 1,642,6 918,1 953,1 690,3 508,8 168,0 13,5 227,7 262,8 6,7 220,6 0,4 35,5 724,5 689,4 24,8 27,6 1999 w. IIkv. soflad sul/saSualod 1,406,1 1,134,1 1,139,6 1,094,2 234,1 854,8 5,2 40,0 45,4 1,5 38,3 0,2 5,6 271,9 266,3 3,5 4,0 3,048,6 2,052,2 2,092,7 1,784,5 742,9 1,022,8 18,7 267,7 308,2 8,2 258,9 0,6 41,1 996,4 955,8 13,0 14,7 cxrili A7.1b: ekonomikuri statusi qalaqad da soflad, 1999 w. I da II kv. (procenti ) 1999 w. I kv. sul, 15 welze ufrosi mosaxleoba qalaqad ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (1 ) ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (2 ) dasaqmebuli daqiravebuli TviT-dasaqmebuli gaurkveveli momuSave umuSevari (1 ) umuSevari (2 ) registrirebuli araregistrirebuli sxva (1 ) sxva (2 ) mosaxleoba samuSao Zalis gareT (1 ) mosaxleoba samuSao Zalis gareT (2 ) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (1 ) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (2 ) wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti SeniSvna: (1 ) Sso-s standarti (2 ) Sso-s "Serbilebuli" meTodologia 56,4 58,5 42,3 31,6 10,1 0,6 14,0 16,2 0,3 13,7 0,1 2,2 43,6 41,5 24,9 27,6 soflad 1999 w. IIkv. sul/saSualod 78,6 79,0 74,2 15,7 58,1 0,4 4,4 4,8 0,2 4,2 0,0 0,4 21,4 21,0 5,6 6,1 66,6 67,9 56,9 24,3 32,1 0,5 9,6 11,0 0,3 9,3 0,0 1,4 33,4 32,1 14,5 16,2 qalaqad 55,9 58,0 42,0 31,0 10,2 0,8 13,9 16,0 0,4 13,4 0,0 2,2 44,1 44,1 24,8 27,6 soflad 80,7 81,0 77,8 16,7 60,8 0,3 2,8 3,2 0,1 2,7 0,0 0,4 19,3 18,9 3,5 4,0 sul/saSualod 67,3 68,6 58,5 24,4 33,5 0,6 8,8 10,1 0,3 8,5 0,0 1,3 32,7 31,4 13,0 14,7
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