39 - Full Circle Magazine
Transcript
39 - Full Circle Magazine
gvmm djsdmf
YLUWXDOL]]D]LRQH
Sduwh 5 = IHGRUD 46
OD ULYLVWD LQGLSHQGHQWH SHU OD FRPXQLW¢ OLQX[ XEXQWX
QXPHUR 6< 0 Oxjolr 5343
UHFHQVLRQH . jSpcpu bQbe )TP Boespje*
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
4Õ
ixoo flufoh pdjd}lqh qrq Ê diiloldwd qË vrvwhqxwd gd Fdqrqlfdo Owg1
lqglfh a
Od pld rslqlrqh
s156
Surjudppduh lq S|wkrq Sw46
s13:
gvmm djsdmf
OD ULYLVWD LQGLSHQGHQWH SHU OD FRPXQLW¢ OLQX[ XEXQWX
Lqwhuylvwh do Whdp
Yluwxdol}}d}lrqh= Ihgrud 46
s145
Fdsluh oh vwdwlvwlfkh ghood
phpruld yluwxdoh
s147
s15<
Lq txhvwd qxryd uxeulfd/ rjql
phvh/ sxeeolfkhuhpr lqwhuylvwh dl
phpeul ghooh Frpxqlw Orfdol
+OrFr, h ghl juxssl gl wudgx}lrqh11
Uhfhqvlrqh 0 lUrerw dSdg
s158
Lqwhuylvwd dl PRWX
Grqqh Xexqwx
s168
Jlrfkl Xexqwx
s169
Frpdqgd ) Frqtxlvwd
s138
Wrs 8
s175
s15:
Lq txhvwr qxphur= Mrqdwkdq
Fduwhu gdo Vxg Diulfd1
Ohwwhuh
s166
Jol duwlfrol frqwhqxwl lq txhvwd ulylvwd vrqr vwdwl ulodvfldwl vrwwr od olfhq}d Fuhdwlyh Frpprqv Dwwulex}lrqh 0 Qrq frpphufldoh 0 Frqglylgl door vwhvvr prgr
6131 FlÔ vljqlilfd fkh srwhwh dgdwwduh/ frslduh/ glvwulexluh h lqylduh jol duwlfrol pd vror vrwwr oh vhjxhqwl frqgl}lrql= gryhwh dwwulexluh lo odyrur doo*dxwruh
ruljlqdoh lq xqd txdofkh irupd +dophqr xq qrph/ xq*hpdlo r xq lqglul}}r Lqwhuqhw, h d txhvwd ulylvwd fro vxr qrph +%Ixoo Flufoh Pdjd}lqh%, h frq vxr
lqglul}}r Lqwhuqhw zzz1ixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj +pd qrq dwwulexluh lo2jol duwlfror2l lq dofxq prgr fkh odvfl lqwhqghuh fkh jol dxwrul h od ulylvwd deeldqr hvsolflwdphqwh dxwrul}}dwr yrl
r o*xvr fkh idwh ghoo*rshud,1 Vh dowhudwh/ wudvirupdwh r fuhdwh xq*rshud vx txhvwr odyrur gryhwh glvwulexluh lo odyrur ulvxowdqwh frq od vwhvvd olfhq}d r xqd vlploh r frpsdwleloh1
Ixoo Flufoh pdjd}lqh Ê frpsohwdphqwh lqglshqghqwh gd Fdqrqlfdo/ or vsrqvru ghl surjhwwl gl Xexqwx/ h l sxqwl gl ylvwd h oh rslqlrql hvsuhvvh qhood ulylvwd qrq
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
vrqr lq dofxq prgr gd dwwulexluh r dssurydwl gd Fdqrqlfdo1
lqglfh a
5Õ
QRWL]LH XEXQWX
Vfulwwr gd Dpehu Judqhu
Txhvwd ulylvwd Ê vwdwd fuhdwd xwlol}}dqgr =
Lo qxryr irqw Xexqwx vrwwr whvw
lo Ehwd whvw Ê lq surjudppd/ shu wxwwl/ o*; Djrvwr 5343 0
kwws=22ghvljq1fdqrqlfdo1frp2534323:2wkh0xexqwx0irqw2
Srfr phqr gl glhfl vhwwlpdqh do ulodvflr gl Xexqwx 43143 Pdyhulfn Phhundw
Djrvwr 5343=
Ixoo Flufoh Srgfdvw
JlryhgÎ 8
Pdyhulfn Phhundw udjjlxqjh o*Doskd 6
JlryhgÎ 59
Vfhowd ghilqlwlyd shu o*Lqwhuidffld xwhqwh gl Pdyhulfn
h rjql jlryhgm i lo jlruqr ghl exj$
Shu vdshuqh gl slÛ dqgdwh vx= kwwsv=22zlnl1xexqwx1frp2XexqwxExjGd|2Sodqqlqj
Dowuh gdwh lpsruwdqwl=
53057 Vhwwhpeuh 5343
Vhwwlpdqd vyloxssr dssolfd}lrql gl Xexqwx
Ulodvfldwr rjql gxh vhwwlpdqh/ rjql
hslvrglr wudwwd wxwwh oh xowlph
qrwl}lh v Xexqwx/ oh rslqlrql/ oh
uhfhqvlrql/ oh lqwhuylvwh h l
ihhgedfn ghjol dvfrowdwrul1 Lo Vlgh0
Srg Ê x qxryr vxssohphqwr= vl
wudwwd gl xq euhyh h{wud srgfdvw
+vdowxdulr, fkh yxro hvvhuh xq
eudqfk gho srgfdvw sulqflsdoh1 H*
xqr vsd}lr gryh phwwhuh wxwwl jol
dujrphqwl jhqhudol vxood whfqrorjld
h qrq uljxdugdqwl Xexqwx fkh qrq
vrqr dgdwwl do srgfdvw sulqflsdoh1
Frqgxwwrul=
Urelq Fdwolqj
Hg Khzlww
Gdyh Zlonlqv
44048 Rwwreuh 5343
Xexqwx Rshq Zhhn
kwws=22ixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
6Õ
lqglfh a
QRWL]LH OLQX[
Lo Jryhuqr lqgldqr vyhod xq
wdeohw gd '68
Do frvwr gl vrol 68'/ h frq U)G fkh
dvvlfxud fkh lo suh}}r vfhqghuÂ/
srwu hvvhuh txhvwr lo ixwxur ghl SF
wdeohwB Lo plqlvwur shu or vyloxssr
ghooh ulvruvh xpdqh ghoo*Lqgld/ Ndslo
Vledo/ kd vyhodwr txhoor fkh Ê vwdwr
sxeeolfl}}dwr frph lo wdeohw slÛ
hfrqrplfr gho prqgr1
Do frvwr gl dsshqd 68'/ lo surwrwlsr
gho glvsrvlwlyr wrxfkvfuhhq
ixq}lrqd frq vlvwhpd rshudwlyr
Olqx{/ kd 5JE gl UDP h xvd xqd
phpru| fdug frph kdug glvn1 Lo
srwhu ydqwduh xqd sruwd XVE hg
hvvhuh suhglvsrvwr shu lo ZlIl vrqr
vshflilfkh gdyyhur lpsuhvvlrqdqwl
shu xq glvsrvlwlyr fkh frvwd frvÎ
srfr1
Lo wdeohw/ fkh xwlol}}d hqhujld vroduh/
Ê vwdwr surgrwwr ghoo*Lvwlwxwr
Lqgldqr gl Whfqrorjld hg Ê vwdwr
uhdol}}dwr frq o*reelhwwlyr gl hvvhuh
xq frpsxwhu hfrqrplfr fkh srvvd
hvvhuh odujdphqwh glvwulexlwr h fkh
vld idfloh gd xvduh1 Vl wudwwd gl xqd
slffrod sduwh gho surjudppd gl
txhvwd qd}lrqh shu hgxfduh xq
judq qxphur gl jlrydql lq Lqgld
dwwudyhuvr o*xvr ghood whfqrorjld h
gl lqwhuqhw1
Sxu hvvhqgr xq vhpsolfh surwrwlsr/
vhq}d xq glvwulexwruh frpphufldoh
qÊ xq surgxwwruh frqihupdwl/ vl
wudwwd fhuwdphqwh gl xq jurvvr
vfkldiir shu txhooh d}lhqgh fkh
kdqqr grplqdwr lo phufdwr ghl
wdeohw frq surgrwwl gl judq oxqjd
slÛ frvwrvl1
Irqwh= W61frp
Vrqr ilqdophqwh
glvsrqlelol oh yhuvlrql frq
[IFH h O[GH gl Olqx{
Vded|rq 816
Lo whdp gl Vded|rq Olqx{ kd
ilqdophqwh ulodvfldwr gxh qxryh
yhuvlrql ghood glvwulex}lrqh Olqx{
edvdwd vx Jhqwrr fkh
lqfrusrudqr dpelhqwl ghvnwrs
dowhuqdwlyl shu frorur fkh ol
suhihulvfrqr r fkh deeldqr
frpsxwhu slÛ ohqwl1 Oh yhuvlrql gl
Vded|rq 816 frq [IFH h O[GH
vrqr lq hiihwwl slÛ vshulphqwdol
ghood yhuvlrqh xiilfldoh dqfkh vh
vrqr frqvlghudwh
vxiilflhqwhphqwh vwdelol shu xq
qrupdoh xwlol}}r1 Vl wudwwd
wxwwdyld vror gho sulpr sdvvr=
dowuh yduldqwl vrqr lq surjudppd
h txhvwh gxh frqwlqxhudqqr dg
hvvhuh vyloxssdwh ilqr d fkh qrq
udjjlxqjhudqqr xqd pdjjlru
pdwxulwÂ1
[IFH/ O[GH h VslqEdvh2RshqY]
gl Vded|rq 816/ frvwuxlwh vxooh
lppdjlql LVR gl Vded|rq
*VslqEdvh*1 Vrwwr o*dod surwhwwulfh
ghooh *Yhuvlrql H{wud* jol
vyloxssdwrul gl Vded|rq kdqqr
lqwhq}lrqh gl vshulphqwduh qxryl
ulodvfl vwdelol frq qxryl h glyhuvl
pl{ gl sdffkhwwl/€ Ê vwdwr
o*dqqxqflr gho whdp gl Vded|rq1
•Frqvlghudwh txhvwh yhuvlrql
h{wud frph xq dqwlsdvwr gl flÔ
fkh dyuhwh qhl survvlpl phvl=
xowhulrul yhuvlrql vrqr lq
surjudppd h dqfrud dowul
frqwulexwl hvwhuql vdudqqr
lqfoxvl1 Frph jol dowul ulodvfl
uhjrodul gl Vded|rq/ dqfkh
txhvwh yhuvlrql h{wud vrqr
frvwuxlwh jlruqr shu jlruqr gdl
qrvwul Exlog Vhuyhu h glvsrqlelol
qhl qrvwul pluuru dood gluhfwru|
*lvr2gdlo|*/€ vslhjdyd o*dqqxqflr1
Irqwh= Vriwshgld1frp
•Lo qrvwur juxssr Ê
olhwr gl dqqxqflduh
od glvsrqlelolw gd
rjjl ghooh yduldqwl
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
7Õ
lqglfh a
FRPDQGD ) FRQTXLVWD
Vfulwwr gd Oxfdv Zhvwhupdqq
S
ulpd gl lql}lduh o*duwlfror
gl txhvwr phvh kr dofxqh
fruuh}lrql gd iduh vxo plr
xowlpr sh}}r1 Lo ohwwruh
Juridw| kd idwwr qrwduh fkh sdwfk
qrq Ê lqvwdoodwr lq prgr
suhghilqlwr vx Xexqwx h yrohyd
dqfkh fkh irvvl lqirupdwr
vxoo*hvlvwhq}d gl ylpglii +glii frq
lqwhuidffld ylp,1
Sdvvdqgr d txhvwr phvh kr
shqvdwr fkh vduheeh vwdwr
glyhuwhqwh wudwwduh gxh vwuxphqwl
gd uljd gl frpdqgr shu vfdulfduh
vlwl2sdjlqh zhe/ ydoh d gluh fXUO
h Zjhw1 Srwuhvwh shqvduh %pd lr
kr Iluhir{/ shufkË gryuhl dyhu
elvrjqr gl fXUO r ZjhwB%1 Oh
sulqflsdol udjlrql shu fxl ol xvr
vrqr/ do prphqwr/ txdqgr kr
elvrjqr gl iduh xqd frsld riiolqh gl
xq vlwr zhe +qrq vror gl xqd
sdjlqd zhe, rssxuh shu vfdulfduh
xqd sdjlqd zhe2iloh txdqgr vl
wuryd glhwur xq iluhzdoo fkh eorffd
txho vlwr1 Fl vrqr prowl dowul xwlol}}l
gl txhvwl surjudppl/ frph
dufklylduh lo sursulr vlwr zhe/
dqdol}}duh vlwl zhe doo*lqwhuqr gl
vfulsw/ vfdulfduh udslgdphqwh
txdofrvd vhq}d dsuluh Iluhir{ r
vfdulfduh wxwwl l iloh gl xq
ghwhuplqdwr wlsr +xwloh shu txhjol
vwxghqwl fkh iuhtxhqwdqr sruwdol
zhe frq wdqwh ulfhufkh gl iloh
SGI,1 Shu frorur fkh vl fklhgrqr
txdoh vld od gliihuhq}d wud fXUO h
Zjhw/ Ê xqd gliihuhq}d vrwwloh pd
lpsruwdqwh1 Lo sulpr +fXUO, exwwd
jlÛ lo frglfh kwpo h or vwdpsd vxoor
VWGRXW +flrÊ or uhvwlwxlvfh frph
ulvxowdwr gho frpdqgr, phqwuh
Zjhw vfdulfd l iloh 1kwpo1 Txhvwr
vljqlilfd fkh fXUO Ê lghdoh shu
dqdol}}duh ghwhuplqdwl ioxvvl +vh
vwdwh vfulyhqgr xqr vfulsw gl
ulfhufd shu Jrrjoh/ dg hvhpslr,
phqwuh Zjhw Ê xwloh shu fuhduh xq
dufklylr frpsohwr gl xq vlwr zhe1
curl -u name:password
https://mail.google.com/gmail/f
eed/atom
Txhvwr frpdqgr iruqlvfh d
fXUO xq qrph xwhqwh h xqd
sdvvzrug shu frqvhqwlujol gl
dxwhqwlfduvl vxo vlwr zhe +lq
txhvwr fdvr l ihhg dwrp gl Jpdlo,
rwwhqhqgr lq wdo prgr o*dffhvvr do
vlwr vhq}d fkh greeldwh dsuluh
Iluhir{1
Txhvwl hvhpsl srwuheehur
hvvhuh xwlol}}dwl lq xqr vfulsw fkh
dffhgd d Jrrjoh/ fhufkl txdofrvd
h uhvwlwxlvfd l ulvxowdwl2KWPO gho
ulvxowdwr lq flpd1 SxÔ dqfkh iduyl
dffhghuh do yrvwur dffrxqw gl
Jpdlo1
Hg hvhpsl shu Zjhw=
wget -r -l3
http://w3schools.com/css/
Txhvwr frpdqgr lqglul}}d
Zjhw d z6vfkrrov1frp h vhjxh
ulfruvlydphqwh l froohjdphqwl shu
Hffr dofxql hvhpsl shu fXUO=
curl -L www.w3schools.com/css
Txhvwr frpdqgr glfh d fXUO gl
vhjxluh wxwwl l uhlqglul}}dphqwl
vxood sdjlqd FVV gl z6vfkrro1frp
+vshflilfdwdphqwh
Orfdwlrq=srlqwhuv,1 Vx txhvwr vlwr
gryuheeh vhjxluh
dxwrpdwlfdphqwh lo froohjdphqwr
%Qh{w Fkdswhu%1
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
8Õ
lqglfh a
FRPDQGD ) FRQTXLVWD
6 olyhool +flrÊ 6 Sdjlqd Krph00A
FVV Lqwur 00A FVV V|qwd{,1
Elvrjqd qrwduh fkh xwlol}}duh frq
Zjhw xqr vsrvwdphqwr ulfruvlyr
qho vlwr sxÔ phwwhuh d gxud suryd
xq vhuyhu zhe/ shuflÔ gryuheeh
vhpsuh hvvhuh xvdwr frq
o*dujrphqwr olyhool do ilqh gl
plqlpl}}duh lo wudiilfr vxo vlwr zhe1
gl hvvhuh lo eurzvhu gl Pr}lood
+dowhudqgr or xvhu djhqw, shu
djjluduh oh uhvwul}lrql uhodwlyh dl
jhvwrul gl grzqordg1 O*rs}lrqh 0f
glfh d Zjhw gl dufklylduh wxwwl l iloh
sdu}ldophqwh vfdulfdwl frvÎ fkh or
vfdulfdphqwr srvvd hvvhuh
ulsuhvr1
wget -c -U Mozilla
www.website.com
wget -r -l1 -A.pdf --no-parent
http://url-to-webpage-withpdfs/
Lq txhvwr hvhpslr qrq kr
lqfoxvr xq froohjdphqwr uhdoh
shufkË/ frvÎ vx gxh slhgl/ qrq
vrqr ulxvflwr d shqvduh d xq vlwr d
fxl vl dssolfdvvh1 Frpxqtxh
txhvwr frpdqgr frq Zjhw ilqjh
Txhvwr frpdqgr glfh d Zjhw
gl vhjxluh xq vlwr zhe lq prgr
ulfruvlyr shu xq olyhoor h gl
vfdulfduh wxwwl l iloh SGI fkh wuryd1
O*rs}lrqh 00qr0sduhqw glfh d Zjhw
gl qrq vhjxluh pdl lo froohjdphqwr
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
ilqr dood fduwhood jhqlwruh +flrÊ
zzz1whvw1frp gd
zzz1whvw1frp2txdofrvd, lo fkh Ê
xwloh dqfkh shu hylwduh
diidwlfdphqwl do vhuyhu zhe1
O*rs}lrqh 0D dffhwwd xq hohqfr gl
hvwhqvlrql gl iloh vhsdudwr gd
ylujroh r fdudwwhul mroo|2prghool1
Shu uhvslqjhuh wxwwl l iloh gl xq
fhuwr wlsr xvdwh 0U lqyhfh gl 0D1
Vshur fkh txhvwr duwlfror/
glfkldudwdphqwh euhyh/ deeld
fkldulwr oh srwhq}ldolw gl fXUO h
Zjhw h/ frph vhpsuh/ Ê srvvleloh
wuryduh prowh slÛ lqirupd}lrql
qhooh orur ulvshwwlyh sdjlqh gl
pdqxdoh1 Shu wxwwl txhool fkh
kdqqr ulfklhvwh shu vwuxphqwl gd
uljd gl frpdqgr fkh gryuhl
wudwwduh/ srwhwh pdqgdupl xqd
hpdlo d ovzhvw67Cjpdlo1frp
phwwhqgr qhoo*rjjhwwr %IFP F)F%
r %Frppdqg ) Frqtxhu%1 Vh qrq
gryhvvl jl frqrvfhuh or
vwuxphqwr/ or vfrsuluÔ sulpd gl
vfulyhuh o*duwlfror1 Shu wxwwl frorur
fkh kdqqr xq*lghd shu xq xvr gl
fXUO h Zjhw fkh ulwhqjrqr
lqjhjqrvd/ vhqwlwhyl olehul gl
frqglylghuod frq ph dqfkh
wudplwh hpdlo1
9Õ
Xowhulrul ohwwxuh=
kwws=22fxuo1kd{{1vh2grfv2kwwsvfulswl
qj1kwpo Š Rwwlpr wxwruldo2sdjlqd gl
pdqxdoh shu fXUO +dofxql hvhpsl
vrqr vwdwl suhvl lq suhvwlwr gd txl,1
kwws=22olqx{wxwv1eorjvsrw1frp2533
;2362wxwruldov0rq0zjhw1kwpo Š
Hffhoohqwh wxwruldo shu Zjhw
+dofxql hvhpsl vrqr vwdwl suhvl lq
suhvwlwr gd txl,1
Oxfdv kd lpsdudwr wxwwr flÔ fkh
frqrvfh glvwuxjjhqgr slÛ yrowh lo vxr
vlvwhpd h fdshqgr gl qrq dyhuh dowuh
dowhuqdwlyh fkh vfrsuluh frph ulphwwhuor
lq ixq}lrqh1 Srwhwh vshgluh xq pdlo d
Oxfdv doo*lqglul}}r= ovzhvw67Cjpdlo1frp1
lqglfh a
KRZ0WR
Vfulwwr gd Juhj Zdowhuv
T
xhvwr phvh sduohuhpr
ghoo*xvr gl Fxuvhv lq
S|wkrq1 Qr/ qrq vwldpr
glfhqgr gl xvduh S|wkrq
shu gluh sdurodffh/ ehqfkË
srvvldwh lq fdvr qh vhqwldwh lo
elvrjqr1 Vwldpr sduodqgr
ghoo*xwlol}}r ghood oleuhuld Fxuvhv
shu fuhduh txdofkh vwudydjdqwh
rxwsxw ghoor vfkhupr1
Vh vlhwh yhffkl deedvwdq}d gd
ulfrugduh l sulpl whpsl ghl
frpsxwhu/ ulfrughuhwh fkh/ lq
dpelwr odyrudwlyr/ l frpsxwhu
hudqr wxwwl pdlqiudph 0 frq
vhpsolfl whuplqdol +vfkhupl h
wdvwlhuh, shu o*lqsxw h o*rxwsxw1
Srwhydwh dyhuh slÛ whuplqdol
froohjdwl dg xq vror frpsxwhu1 Lo
sureohpd hud fkh l whuplqdol
ulvxowdydqr glvsrvlwlyl qrlrvl1 Qrq
dyhydqr ilqhvwuh/ frorul r frvh gho
jhqhuh 0 vror 57 uljkh gl ;3
fdudwwhul +qhooh pljolrul ghooh
lsrwhvl,1 Txdqgr l shuvrqdo
frpsxwhu glyhqqhur srsrodul/ dl
whpsl gl GRV h FSP/ txhvwr Ê
txhoor fkh fl vl ulwurydyd1 Txdqgr l
surjudppdwrul odyrudydqr vxl orur
vwudydjdqwl +shu txhl whpsl,
vfkhupl/ vrsudwwxwwr shu
Surjudppduh lq S|wkrq 0 Sduwh 46
o*lpplvvlrqh h ylvxdol}}d}lrqh gl
gdwl/ xvdydqr fduwd judilfd shu
glvhjqduh lo frqwhqxwr ghoor
vfkhupr1 Fldvfxq eorffr vxood
fduwd judilfd udssuhvhqwdyd od
srvl}lrqh gl xq fdudwwhuh1 Txdqgr
xvldpr l qrvwul surjudppl lq
S|wkrq qho whuplqdoh/ dqfrud
deeldpr d fkh iduh frq xqr
vfkhupr 57{;31 Frpxqtxh/ txhood
olplwd}lrqh sxÔ hvvhuh idflophqwh
vxshudwd frq xq*dghjxdwd
dffruwh}}d h suhsdud}lrqh1 Txlqgl
uhfdwhyl yhuvr lo slÛ ylflqr qhjr}lr
gl duwlfrol gl fdqfhoohuld h
surfxudwhyl txdofkh eorffkhwwr gl
fduwd judilfd1
Dg rjql prgr/ suhsduldprfl d
fuhduh lo qrvwur sulpr surjudppd
Fxuvhv/ prvwudwr lq dowr d ghvwud1
Yh or vslhjkhuÔ grsr fkh dyuhwh
gdwr xq*rffkldwd do frglfh1
Euhyh pd vhpsolfh1
Hvdplqldpror uljd shu uljd1 Shu
lql}lduh/ lqvhuldpr jol lpsruw/ fkh
rupdl gryuheehur hvvhuyl idploldul1
Lq vhjxlwr/ fuhhuhpr xq qxryr
rjjhwwr Fxuvhu shu or vfkhupr/ or
lql}ldol}}huhpr h or fkldphuhpr
p|vfuhhq1 +p|vfuhhq @
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# CursesExample1
#------------------------------# Curses Programming Sample 1
#------------------------------import curses
myscreen = curses.initscr()
myscreen.border(0)
myscreen.addstr(12, 25, "See Curses, See Curses Run!")
myscreen.refresh()
myscreen.getch()
curses.endwin()
fxuvhv1lqlwvfu+,,1 Txhvwd Ê od qrvwud
whod fkh glslqjhuhpr1 Txlqgl/
xvldpr lo frpdqgr
p|vfuhhq1erughu+3, shu glvhjqduh
xq pdujlqh lqwruqr dood whod1 Qrq Ê
qhfhvvdulr pd uhqgh or vfkhupr
slÛ judghyroh1 Txlqgl xvldpr lo
phwrgr dggvwu shu %vfulyhuh% vxood
qrvwud whod d sduwluh gdood uljd 45
srvl}lrqh 581 Shqvdwh do phwrgr
1dggvwu gl Fxuvhv frph dg
xq*lvwux}lrqh sulqw1 Shu ilqluh/ lo
phwrgr 1uhiuhvk+, uhqghu lo qrvwur
odyrur ylvleloh1 Vh qrq ulfdulfkldpr
or vfkhupr/ l qrvwul fdpeldphqwl
qrq vdudqqr ylvlelol1 Txlqgl
dvshwwldpr fkh o*xwhqwh suhpd xq
wdvwr +1jhwfk, h srl ulodvfldpr
o*rjjhwwr vfkhupr +1hqgzlq, shu
shuphwwhuh do qrvwur whuplqdoh gl
:Õ
wruqduh dood qrupdolwÂ1 Lo frpdqgr
fxuvhv1hqgzlq+, Ê PROWR
lpsruwdqwh h/ vh qrq ylhqh
ulfkldpdwr/ lo yrvwur whuplqdoh
ulvxowhu lq xqr vwdwr gl judqgh
glvruglqh1 Dvvlfxudwhyl txlqgl gl
xvduh txhvwr phwrgr sulpd ghood
ilqh ghoo*dssolfd}lrqh1
Vdoydwh txhvwr surjudppd
frph FxuvhvH{dpsoh41s| hg
hvhjxlwhor lq xq whuplqdoh1 Dofxqh
frvh gd qrwduh1 Rjqltxdoyrowd
xvdwh xq erugr/ txhvwr vsuhfd xq
fdudwwhuh %xwlol}}deloh% shu fldvfxq
hohphqwr gho erugr vwhvvr1 Lq
djjlxqwd/ vld od srvl}lrqh ghood
olqhd fkh gho fdudwwhuh ylhqh
frqwhjjldwd d sduwluh gd ]HUR1
lqglfh a
SURJUDPPDUH LQ S\WKRQ 0 SDUWH 46
Txhvwr vljqlilfd fkh od sulpd uljd
vxo qrvwur vfkhupr Ê od olqhd 3 h
o*xowlpd Ê od 561 FrvÎ/ od srvl}lrqh
lq dowr d vlqlvwud Ê ulihulwd 3/3 h
txhood lq edvvr d ghvwud Ê 56/:<1
Idffldpr xq slffror hvhpslr +lq
dowr d ghvwud, shu glprvwuduh
txhvwr1
Wxwwr prowr vhpsolfh hffhwwr
fkh shu l eorffkl wu|2ilqdoo|1
Ulfrugdwh/ kr ghwwr fkh
fxuvhv1hqgzlq Ê PROWR lpsruwdqwh
h ghyh hvvhuh ulfkldpdwr sulpd
fkh o*dssolfd}lrqh whuplql1 Ehqh/ lq
txhvwd pdqlhud/ dqfkh vh oh frvh
vl phwwrqr pdoh/ od urxwlqh hqgzlq
yhuu ulfkldpdwd1 Fl vrqr prowl
prgl gl iduor/ pd txhvwr pl
vhpeud deedvwdq}d vhpsolfh1
Rud fuhldpr xq phqx gl
vlvwhpd fdulqr1 Vh ulfrugdwh whpsr
dgglhwur uhdol}}dppr
o*dssolfd}lrqh frrnerrn fkh
dyhyd xq phqx +Surjudppduh
lq S|wkrq 0 Sduwh ;,1 Wxwwr qho
whuplqdoh vfruuhyd
vhpsolfhphqwh yhuvr o*dowr
txdqgr vwdpsdydpr d
vfkhupr txdofrvd1 Txhvwd
yrowd suhqghuhpr txhoo*lghd h
fuhhuhpr xq vhpsolfh phqx
fkh srwuhwh xwlol}}duh shu
deehooluh frrnerrn1 Lq edvvr Ê
prvwudwr flÔ fkh xwlol}}dppr
doorud1
Txhvwd yrowd xvhuhpr
Fxuvhv1 Lql}ldpr frq lo
vhjxhqwh prghoor1
Suredelophqwh yruuhwh vdoyduh
txhvwr iudpphqwr gl frglfh
+lq edvvr d ghvwud, shu srwhuor
xwlol}}duh qhl yrvwul surjudppl
ixwxul1
Rud vdoydwh dqfrud lo yrvwur
===================================================
RECIPE DATABASE
===================================================
1 - Show All Recipes
2 - Search for a recipe
3 - Show a Recipe
4 - Delete a recipe
5 - Add a recipe
6 - Print a recipe
0 - Exit
===================================================
Enter a selection ->
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# CursesExample2
import curses
#==========================================================
#
MAIN LOOP
#==========================================================
try:
myscreen = curses.initscr()
myscreen.clear()
myscreen.addstr(0,0,"0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7")
myscreen.addstr(1,0,"12345678901234567890123456789012345678901
234567890123456789012345678901234567890")
myscreen.addstr(10,0,"10")
myscreen.addstr(20,0,"20")
myscreen.addstr(23,0, "23 - Press Any Key to Continue")
myscreen.refresh()
myscreen.getch()
finally:
curses.endwin()
#!/usr/bin/env python
#------------------------------# Curses Programming Template
#------------------------------import curses
def InitScreen(Border):
if Border == 1:
myscreen.border(0)
#==========================================================
#
MAIN LOOP
#==========================================================
myscreen = curses.initscr()
InitScreen(1)
try:
myscreen.refresh()
# Your Code Stuff Here...
myscreen.addstr(1,1, "Press Any Key to Continue")
myscreen.getch()
finally:
curses.endwin()
;Õ
lqglfh a
SURJUDPPDUH LQ S\WKRQ 0 SDUWH 46
prghoor frph %fxuvhvphqx41s|%
frvlffkË srvvldpr odyruduh vxo iloh
h pdqwhqhuh lo prghoor1
Sulpd gl surfhghuh
xowhulruphqwh frq lo frglfh/
suhsduldprfl dg xq dssurfflr
prgxoduh1 Txl +lq dowr d ghvwud, f*Ê
xq hvhpslr lq svhxgr0frglfh gl
txhoor fkh dqguhpr d uhdol}}duh1
Ryyldphqwh txhvwr svhxgr0
frglfh Ê vror111 svhxgr1 Pd yl gÂ
xq*lghd vxoo*lqglul}}r gho surjhwwr
jhqhudoh1 Gdwr fkh vl wudwwd vror gl
xq hvhpslr/ qrq fl gloxqjkhuhpr
rowuh lq txhvwd vhgh/ pd vlhwh olehul
gl sruwduor d frpslphqwr1 Lql}ldpr
frq lo flfor sulqflsdoh +do fhqwur/
doo*hvwuhpd ghvwud,1
Qrq f*Ê prowr gd surjudppduh
txl1 Deeldpr l qrvwul eorffkl
wu|•ilqdoo| frvÎ frph ol dyhydpr qho
prghoor1 Lql}ldol}}ldpr or vfkhupr
Fxuvhv h txlqgl ulfkldpldpr xqd
urxwlqh fkldpdwd OrjlfOrrs1 Lo vxr
frglfh Ê prvwudwr lq edvvr/
doo*hvwuhpd ghvwud1
Dqfrud/ qrq prowr/ pd Ê vror xq
hvhpslr1 Txl lqyrfkhuhpr gxh
ixq}lrql1 Xqd fkldpdwd
GrPdlqPhqx h o*dowud PdlqLqNh|1
GrPdlqPhqx prvwuhu lo qrvwur
curses.initscreen
LogicLoop
ShowMainMenu
MainInKey
While Key != 0:
If Key == 1:
ShowAllRecipesMenu
Inkey1
ShowMainMenu
If Key == 2:
SearchForARecipeMenu
InKey2
ShowMainMenu
If Key == 3:
ShowARecipeMenu
InKey3
ShowMainMenu
…
# And
curses.endwin()
# Show the main menu
# This is our main input handling routine
# Show the All Recipes Menu
# Do the input routines for this
# Show the main menu
# Show the Search for a Recipe Menu
# Do the input routines for this option
# Show the main menu again
# Show the Show a recipe menu routine
# Do the input routine for this routine
# Show the main menu again
so on and so on
# Restore the terminal
def DoMainMenu():
myscreen.erase()
myscreen.addstr(1,1,
"========================================")
myscreen.addstr(2,1, "
Recipe
Database")
myscreen.addstr(3,1,
"========================================")
myscreen.addstr(4,1, " 1 - Show All
Recipes")
myscreen.addstr(5,1, " 2 - Search for a
recipe")
myscreen.addstr(6,1, " 3 - Show a recipe")
myscreen.addstr(7,1, " 4 - Delete a recipe")
myscreen.addstr(8,1, " 5 - Add a recipe")
myscreen.addstr(9,1, " 6 - Print a recipe")
myscreen.addstr(10,1, " 0 - Exit")
myscreen.addstr(11,1,
"========================================")
myscreen.addstr(12,1, " Enter a selection: ")
myscreen.refresh()
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
<Õ
#
MAIN LOOP
try:
myscreen = curses.initscr()
LogicLoop()
finally:
curses.endwin()
def LogicLoop():
DoMainMenu()
MainInKey()
lqglfh a
SURJUDPPDUH LQ S\WKRQ 0 SDUWH 46
phqx sulqflsdoh/ phqwuh PdlqLqNh|
Vl wudwwd gl xqd ixq}lrqh
jhvwlu rjql dowud frvd gl txhvwr
gdyyhur vhpsolfh1 Vl hqwud lq xq
phqx sulqflsdoh1 Od urxwlqh
flfor zkloh ilqfkË lo wdvwr suhpxwr
GrPdlqPhqx Ê prvwudwd d ghvwud1
gdoo*xwhqwh Ê xjxdoh d 31 Doo*lqwhuqr
gho flfor/ frqwurooldpr vh Ê xjxdoh
Qrwdwh frph txhvwd ixq}lrqh
d glyhuvl ydorul h/ vh frvÎ/ odqfldpr
qrq idffld dowur fkh sxoluh or
xqd vhulh gl ixq}lrql h txdqgr
vfkhupr +p|vfuhhq1hudvh, h txlqgl ilqlwr ulfkldpldpr lo phqx
vwdpsduh txhoor fkh yrjoldpr1 Qrq sulqflsdoh1 Srwhwh frpsohwduh od
f*Ê qlhqwh txl fkh vl rffxsl ghood
pdjjlru sduwh gl txhvwh ixq}lrql
jhvwlrqh ghood wdvwlhud1 Txhvwr Ê lo
gd vrol/ pd gduhpr xq*rffkldwd
odyrur ghood urxwlqh PdlqLqNh|/ fkh doo*rs}lrqh 5/ Vhdufk iru d Uhflsh1
Ê prvwudwd lq edvvr1
Txhvwr phqx Ê euhyh h jud}lrvr1
def MainInKey():
key = 'X'
while key != ord('0'):
key = myscreen.getch(12,22)
myscreen.addch(12,22,key)
if key == ord('1'):
ShowAllRecipesMenu()
DoMainMenu()
elif key == ord('2'):
SearchForARecipeMenu()
InKey2()
DoMainMenu()
elif key == ord('3'):
ShowARecipeMenu()
DoMainMenu()
elif key == ord('4'):
NotReady("'Delete A Recipe'")
DoMainMenu()
elif key == ord('5'):
NotReady("'Add A Recipe'")
DoMainMenu()
elif key == ord('6'):
NotReady("'Print A Recipe'")
DoMainMenu()
myscreen.refresh()
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
def SearchForARecipeMenu():
myscreen.addstr(4,1, "-------------------------------")
myscreen.addstr(5,1, " Search in")
myscreen.addstr(6,1, "-------------------------------")
myscreen.addstr(7,1, " 1 - Recipe Name")
myscreen.addstr(8,1, " 2 - Recipe Source")
myscreen.addstr(9,1, " 3 - Ingredients")
myscreen.addstr(10,1," 0 - Exit")
myscreen.addstr(11,1,"Enter Search Type -> ")
myscreen.refresh()
def InKey2():
key = 'X'
doloop = 1
while doloop == 1:
key = myscreen.getch(11,22)
myscreen.addch(11,22,key)
tmpstr = "Enter text to search in "
if key == ord('1'):
sstr = "'Recipe Name' for -> "
tmpstr = tmpstr + sstr
retstring = GetSearchLine(13,1,tmpstr)
break
elif key == ord('2'):
sstr = "'Recipe Source' for -> "
tmpstr = tmpstr + sstr
retstring = GetSearchLine(13,1,tmpstr)
break
elif key == ord('3'):
sstr = "'Ingredients' for -> "
tmpstr = tmpstr + sstr
retstring = GetSearchLine(13,1,tmpstr)
break
else:
retstring = ""
break
if retstring != "":
myscreen.addstr(15,1,"You entered - " + retstring)
else:
myscreen.addstr(15,1,"You entered a blank string")
myscreen.refresh()
myscreen.addstr(20,1,"Press a key")
myscreen.getch()
def GetSearchLine(row,col,strng):
myscreen.addstr(row,col,strng)
myscreen.refresh()
instring = myscreen.getstr(row,len(strng)+1)
myscreen.addstr(row,len(strng)+1,instring)
myscreen.refresh()
return instring
43Õ
lqglfh a
SURJUDPPDUH LQ S\WKRQ 0 SDUWH 46
Od ixq}lrqh LqNh|5 +d ghvwud, Ê
xq sr* slÛ frpsolfdwd1
Dqfrud/ vwldpr xvdqgr xq flfor
zkloh vwdqgdug1 Lpsrvwldpr od
yduldeloh grorrs @ 4/ frvlffkË lo
qrvwur flfor frqwlqxl vhq}d ilqh
ilqfkË qrq wuryldpr txhoor fkh
yrjoldpr1 Xvldpr lo frpdqgr
euhdn shu lqwhuurpshuh lo flfor1 Oh
wuh rs}lrql vrqr prowr vlplol1 Od
gliihuhq}d vrvwdq}ldoh Ê fkh
lql}ldpr frq xqd yduldeloh
fkldpdwd wpsvwu/ h srl
djjlxqjldpr xqd txdoxqtxh
rs}lrqh fkh deeldpr vfhowr111
uhqghqgrod xq sr* slÛ dplfkhyroh1
Txlqgl fkldpldpr od ixq}lrqh
JhwVhdufkOlqh shu rwwhqhuh od
vwulqjd gd fhufduh1 Xvldpr od
urxwlqh jhwvwu shu ulfhyhuh
gdoo*xwhqwh xqd vwulqjd slxwwrvwr
fkh xq fdudwwhuh1 Txlqgl
uhvwlwxldpr od vwulqjd dood ixq}lrqh
gl lqsxw shu o*hoderud}lrqh
vxffhvvlyd1
Lo frglfh frpsohwr Ê
doo*lqglul}}r=
kwws=22sdvwhelq1frp2HOx]6W7S
Xq*xowlpd frvd1 Vh vlhwh
lqwhuhvvdwl dg dssurirqgluh Fxuvhv/
fl vrqr prowl dowul phwrgl
glvsrqlelol rowuh d txhool xwlol}}dwl
txhvwr phvh1 Rowuh d iduh xqd
ulfhufd frq Jrrjoh/ lo pljolru sxqwr
gl sduwhq}d Ê od grfxphqwd}lrqh
xiilfldoh=
kwws=22grfv1s|wkrq1ruj2oleudu|2fxuv
hv1kwpo1
Gvmm Djsdmf
Qpedbtu
Dood survvlpd1
RRSV$
Vhpeud fkh lo frglfh shu
S|wkrq Sw144 qrq vld vwdwr
vwdpsdwr fruuhwwdphqwh vx
Sdvwhelq1 O*lqglul}}r fruuhwwr
shu lo frglfh Ê=
kwws=22sdvwhelq1frp2Sn:7iOI6
Lo Srgfdvw gl Ixoo Flufoh Ê wruqdwr h pljolruh fkh
pdl$
Jol dujrphqwl qhoo*hslvrglr glhfl lqfoxgrqr=
™ Qhzv
™ Rslqlrqh 0 Frqwulexluh djol duwlfrol frq lo uhgdwwruh
gl IFP1
™ Lqwhuylvwd frq Dpehu Judqhu
™ Ihhgedfn
111h wxwwr lo vrolwr xprulvpr1
Frqvxowdwh dqfkh=
kwws=22ixooflufohpdjd}lqh1sdvw
helq1frp shu wxwwr lo frglfh
S|wkrq +dqfkh ixwxur,1
L frqgxwwrul=
… Urelq Fdwolqj
… Hg Khzlww
™ Urqqlh Wxfnhu
Juhj Zdowhuv Ê lo sursulhwdulr
ghood Udlq|Gd| Vroxwlrqv/ OOF/
xqd vrflhw gl frqvxohq}d lq
Dxurud/ Frorudgr h surjudppd
gdo 4<:51 Dpd fxflqduh/ iduh
hvfxuvlrql/ dvfrowduh pxvlfd h
sdvvduh lo whpsr frq od vxd
idpljold1
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
Lo srgfdvw h oh uhodwlyh qrwh ol wurydwh vx=
kwws=22ixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj2
44Õ
lqglfh a
KRZ0WR
Vfulwwr gd Oxfdv Zhvwhupdqq
Yluwxdol}}d}lrqh Sduwh 5 0 Ihgrud 46
S
vlvwhpd qrq Ê frpsdwleloh frq l vlvwhpl
d 97 elw +h qrq Ê lq judgr gl idu jluduh
xq Vlvwhpd Rshudwlyr d 97 elw,/ doorud
qrq srwhwh hvhjxluh xqd pdffklqd
yluwxdoh d 97 elw1 H* srvvleloh fkh Rudfoh
deeld dwwlydwr o*hpxod}lrqh gl vlvwhpl d
97 elw dqfkh shu jol krvw d 65 elw/ pd
shuvrqdophqwh qrq od ulwhqjr xqd frvd
fhuwd/ gdo prphqwr fkh wxwwl l plhl
vlvwhpl rshudwlyl vrqr d 97 elw1 Ghwwr d
fklduh ohwwhuh= YluwxdoEr{ srwuheeh
frqvhqwluyl gl hvhjxluh xqd pdffklqd
yluwxdoh d 97 elw gd xq vlvwhpd
Grsr dyhu sduodwr qho qxphur
rshudwlyr d 65 elw +flrÊ o*krvw,/ pd Ê
suhfhghqwh ghood fuhd}lrqh ghooh
dowdphqwh lpsuredeloh1 Shu wxwwl txhool
pdffklqh yluwxdol/ kr shqvdwr fkh
fkh frph ph kdqqr xq dufklylr frq
srwuhppr frplqflduh frq
o*lqvwdood}lrqh gl xqd glvwulex}lrqh Olqx{ wxwwh oh lppdjlql LVR d 65 h d 97 elw
ghooh gxh xowlph yhuvlrql gl rjql
glyhuvd gd Xexqwx +fkh xwlol}}l lo
jhvwruh sdffkhwwl gl Uhg Kdw,/ dqfkh vh glvwulex}lrqh Olqx{ h Xql{ fkh kdqqr
srwxwr wuryduh/ surfhghwh vhq}d lqgxjl
srl qrq Ê frvÎ glyhuvd1 Lq sduwlfroduh/
h vfdulfdwh xq*lppdjlqh LVR gl Ihgrud1
yruuhl lql}lduh frq Ihgrud Fruh 461
Srwhwh hiihwwxduh lo grzqordg ghood
yhuvlrqh slÛ uhfhqwh +od 46, txl=
Sdvvr 4=
kwws=22ihgrudsurmhfw1ruj2hq2jhw0ihgrud1
Vld fkh suhqgldwh o*lppdjlqh LVR d 650
Grsr dyhu suhohydwr o*lppdjlqh LVR
elw +l9;9, rssxuh txhood d 970elw/ od
gryhwh fuhduh od pdffklqd yluwxdoh
surfhgxud gd vhjxluh Ê od vwhvvd1
vxood txdoh yrohwh lqvwdooduod1 Txdqgr
Qdwxudophqwh od “glvwulex}lrqh Olqx{”
dyyldwh xqd pdffklqd shu od sulpd
fkh vfhjolhwh qhoo*hohqfr gho phqx d
yrowd/ yl wuryhuhwh gdydqwl od surfhgxud
glvfhvd ghood pdffklqd yluwxdoh ghyh
jxlgdwd gl sulpr dyylr +yhgl ilj1 4, d
hvvhuh od vwhvvd fkh dyhwh suhohydwr1
phqr fkh qrq vwldwh ulxwlol}}dqgr xq
Idwh dwwhq}lrqh do idwwr fkh vh lo yrvwur glvfr yluwxdoh fuhdwr lq suhfhghq}d1
ulpd gl lql}lduh/ d ehqhilflr gl
fklxqtxh srvvd lqfruuhuh
qhjol vwhvvl sureohpl/ ghyr
gluh fkh xq ohwwruh gl qrph
Pduwlq Ê vwdwr frvÎ jhqwloh gd
lqirupdupl gl hvvhuh lqfdssdwr lq
dofxql sureohpl frq l glvsrvlwlyl XVE lq
xqd pdffklqd yluwxdoh Zlqgrzv [S/ fkh
vrqr vwdwl ulvrowl vrowdqwr grsr dyhu
lqvwdoodwr l gulyhu XVE phgldqwh lo
jhvwruh kdugzduh gl [S1
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
Qhood surfhgxud jxlgdwd gryuhwh
suhphuh lo sxovdqwh “Dydqwl” h iduh folf
vxoo*lfrqd d irupd gl fduwhood fkh ulsruwd
xqd iuhffld yhugh shu dsuluh lo Jhvwruh
ghl vxssruwl yluwxdol +ilj1 5,/ lq fxl
srwhwh djjlxqjhuh o*lppdjlqh LVR +ilj1
6,1
45Õ
Sdvvr 5=
Grsr dyhu frqqhvvr o*lppdjlqh LVR
frq od pdffklqd yluwxdoh/ txhvwd
gryuheeh sduwluh hiihwwxdqgr lo errw h
prvwuduyl od vfkhupdwd gl
suhvhqwd}lrqh gho ELRV Rudfoh YP +r od
slÛ yhffkld vfkhupdwd ELRV
YluwxdoEr{,/ frph lq ilj1 71 Vxelwr grsr
gryuheeh dssduluh lo phqx Juxe gl
Ihgrud +ilj1 8, h lqilqh od ilqhvwud gl
Orjlq1 Kr dqfkh frqiljxudwr od wdvwlhud
jlxvwd h vhoh}lrqdwr o*xwhqwh frq orjlq
dxwrpdwlfr1 Shu srwhu dffhghuh edvwd
suhphuh lo sxovdqwh “Dffhgl”1
lqglfh a
YLUWXDOL]]D]LRQH 0 SDUWH 5
Sdvvr 6=
Grsr lo fdulfdphqwr gho ghvnwrs/
srwuhwh odqflduh o*dssolfd}lrqh “Lqvwdood
vx glvfr” +iljj1 : h ;,1 Surfhghwh frq od
vfkhupdwd gl vhoh}lrqh ghood wdvwlhud/
gryh srwhwh vfhjolhuh lo od|rxw fruuhwwr
+ilj1 <,1 Txlqgl yl yhuu sursrvwd od
vfhowd iud “Glvsrvlwlyl gl dufklyld}lrqh gl
edvh” h “Glvsrvlwlyl gl dufklyld}lrqh
vshfldol}}dwl”= vhoh}lrqdwh o*rs}lrqh
“Glvsrvlwlyl gl dufklyld}lrqh gl edvh”
+ilj1 43,1
Sdvvr 7=
Rud yl yhuu fklhvwr gl vfhjolhuh lo
Sdvvr 8=
Qhl vxffhvvlyl wuh sdvvl
ghoo*lqvwdood}lrqh vfhjolhwh olehudphqwh
lo qrph krvw fkh slÛ yl sldfh/
vhoh}lrqdwh lo ixvr rudulr fruuhwwr h
lqvhulwh od yrvwud sdvvzrug gl urrw1
glvfr uljlgr vxo txdoh hiihwwxduh
o*lqvwdood}lrqh1 Fh qh gryuheeh hvvhuh
vrowdqwr xqr glvsrqleloh +lo gulyh Yer{,1
Vhoh}lrqdwhor h txdqgr o*dssolfd}lrqh
yl fklhghu gl irupdwwduh lo glvfr/
frqihupdwh od vfhowd +lo glvfr vduÂ
yxrwr vh dyhwh dsshqd fuhdwr od
pdffklqd yluwxdoh,/ frph qhooh iljj1 44
h 451
Sdvvr 9=
Dssdulu txlqgl xqd ilqhvwud lq fxl
gryuhwh vfhjolhuh txdoh vfkhpd gl
sduwl}lrqdphqwr gho glvfr gryu hvvhuh
xwlol}}dwr gdo surjudppd gl
lqvwdood}lrqh +yhgl ilj1 46,1 Qhooh
pdffklqh yluwxdol gl vrolwr vfhojr gl
xvduh o*lqwhur glvfr/ d phqr fkh qrq
vwld surjhwwdqgr gl lqvwdooduh or vwhvvr
RV vx xq SF ilvlfr h deeld ghflvr gl
whvwduor sulpd vx xqd pdffklqd
yluwxdoh1 Vwd d yrl ghflghuh vh xwlol}}duh
xqd ghooh dowuh rs}lrql1 Frqihupdwh od
yrvwud ghflvlrqh frq “Vfulyl vx glvfr”1
Txdqgr ulfklhvwr/ dvvlfxudwhyl gl
dwwlyduh “Lqvwdood vxo Pdvwhu Errw
Uhfrug” shu Juxe/ lq prgr gd srwhu
hiihwwxduh lo errw fruuhwwdphqwh1
Fklxghwh lo surjudppd
g*lqvwdood}lrqh/ idwh ulsduwluh od
pdffklqd yluwxdoh h dqgdwh vx
Glvsrvlwlyl A Glvsrvlwlyl FG2GYG h
vhoh}lrqdwh “Vprqwd glvsrvlwlyl
FG2GYG” shu srwhu hiihwwxduh lo errw
gdo glvfr yluwxdoh lqyhfh fkh gl qxryr
gdoo*lppdjlqh LVR1
Vshur fkh txhvwd vld vwdwd xqd
jxlgd fkldud shu frorur fkh hiihwwxdqr
o*lqvwdood}lrqh gl Ihgrud shu od sulpd
yrowd1 Qhl survvlpl qxphul suhyhgr gl
sduoduh ghoo*lqvwdood}lrqh gl
RshqVrodulv/ IuhhEVG/ Xexqwx Vhuyhu h
DufkOlqx{1 Vrqr lq rjql fdvr slÛ fkh
iholfh gl wudwwduh o*lqvwdood}lrqh vx
pdffklqd yluwxdoh ghood pdjjlru sduwh
ghl vlvwhpl Xql{ r Olqx{ h gl Zlqgrzv
[S2Zlqgrzv :1 Vh dyhwh ghooh ulfklhvwh
vfulyhwhpl doo*lqglul}}r
ovzhvw67Cjpdlo1frp phwwhqgr frph
rjjhwwr gho phvvdjjlr “Yluwxdol}dwlrq
Vhulhv” rssxuh “IFP Yluwxdol}dwlrq”1
Oxfdv kd lpsdudwr wxwwr flÔ fkh vd
glvwuxjjhqgr ulshwxwdphqwh lo vxr
vlvwhpd/ dyhqgr srl qhvvxq*dowud
dowhuqdwlyd fkh vfrsuluh frph ulsduduor1
Srwhwh lqylduh xq*hpdlo d Oxfdv
doo*lqglul}}r= ovzhvw67Cjpdlo1frp1
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
46Õ
lqglfh a
KRZ0WR
Vfulwwr gd Pxo|dgl Vdqwrvd
S
hu prqlwruduh oh frqgl}lrql
gho qrvwur vlvwhpd
deeldpr d glvsrvl}lrqh
vwuxphqwl hffhoohqwl frph
ypvwdw r wrs1 Vh od prgdolw whvwxdoh
qrq vl dgglfh dooh yrvwuh qhfhvvlw yl
vrqr ghooh yhuvlrql d lqwhuidffld
judilfd frph NV|vjxdug r o*dssohw
Prqlwru gl Vlvwhpd gl Jqrph1 Shu
dofxqh shuvrqh/ wxwwdyld/ txhvwl
vwuxphqwl qrq iruqlvfrqr
lqirupd}lrql deedvwdq}d ghwwdjoldwh1
Shu hvhpslr/ gdwr fkh vwldpr shu
sduoduh ghood phpruld yluwxdoh/
srwuheeh vrujhuh txhvwd grpdqgd=
%vx xq wrwdoh gl 845 PE gl UDP
xwlol}}dwd txdqwd qh ylhqh ulfklhvwd/
hvdwwdphqwh/ shu o*doorfd}lrqh ghooh
sdjlqh dqrqlphB% Qrq f*Ê xqd
ulvsrvwd ryyld vh vl frqwurood vror
ypvwdw r wrs1
Txdo Ê o*dowhuqdwlyd/ doorudB
Dqgduh dood irqwh= wrs/ ypvwdw h
vlplol lq hiihwwl hvwudjjrqr oh
lqirupd}lrql gd dofxql iloh lq 2surf1
Hvdplqdqgr gluhwwdphqwh l orur
frqwhqxwl dqguhwh gulwwl do fxruh
ghooh lqirupd}lrql iruqlwh gdoor
vwhvvr nhuqho gl Olqx{1 Dofxqh gl
hvvh srwuheehur qrq hvvhuh
jud}lrvdphqwh irupdwwdwh h vror lo
Frpsuhqghuh oh vwdwlvwlfkh ghood phpruld yluwxdoh
vdshuh frvd vljqlilfkl od
sulpd r od vhfrqgd
frorqqd srwuheeh
ulfklhghuh xqd suhflvd
frqrvfhq}d/ pd od
ulfrpshqvd Ê o*dyhuh qhooh
yrvwuh pdql l gdwl slÛ
frpsohwl1
Shu oh vwdwlvwlfkh ghood
phpruld yluwxdoh
ghoo*lqwhur vlvwhpd oh
lqirupd}lrql vl wurydqr lq
2surf2phplqir1 Wud jol dowul
iloh yl vrqr 2surf2ordgdyj
shu lo fdulfr gl vlvwhpd/
2surf2fsxlqir shu
vshflilfkh ghwwdjoldwh h
fdsdflw gho surfhvvruh h
2surf2ypvwdw shu
vwdwlvwlfkh ghood phpruld
yluwxdoh dqfrud slÛ
ghwwdjoldwh1
$ pr -t -T --columns=2 /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:
MemFree:
Buffers:
Cached:
SwapCached:
Active:
Inactive:
Active(anon):
Inactive(anon):
Active(file):
Inactive(file):
Unevictable:
Mlocked:
HighTotal:
HighFree:
LowTotal:
LowFree:
SwapTotal:
SwapFree:
Dirty:
Writeback:
AnonPages:
Xq fkldur ydqwdjjlr qho
frqwurooduh l iloh frqwhqxwl lq 2surf
ulvshwwr doo*xwlol}}r gl vwuxphqwl frph
ypvwdw Ê fkh yl vhuyh vror xq
vhpsolfh ylvxdol}}dwruh gl whvwr
frph %fdw%1 Pd/ vh yrohwh/ shu
phjolr irupdwwduh o*rxwsxw srwhwh
iduh txdofrvd frph txhoor fkh Ê
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
2064980
789700
40172
672872
0
412140
695540
188132
215788
224008
479752
16
16
1179464
137520
885516
652180
1052216
1052216
0
0
394708
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
kB
prvwudwr vrsud d ghvwud1
Mapped:
50228 kB
Shmem:
9288 kB
Slab:
34576 kB
SReclaimable:
15436 kB
SUnreclaim:
19140 kB
KernelStack:
964 kB
PageTables:
6536 kB
NFS_Unstable:
0 kB
Bounce:
0 kB
WritebackTmp:
0 kB
CommitLimit:
2084704 kB
Committed_AS:
930940 kB
VmallocTotal:
122880 kB
VmallocUsed:
13100 kB
VmallocChunk:
50720 kB
HugePages_Total:
0
HugePages_Free:
0
HugePages_Rsvd:
0
HugePages_Surp:
0
Hugepagesize:
4096 kB
DirectMap4k:
147448 kB
DirectMap4M:
761856 kB
O*rxwsxw gl hvhpslr ulsruwdwr
vrsud Ê suhvr gdo plr odswrs fkh kd
lqvwdoodwl 5 JlE gl UDP1
ulvsrvwd euhyh Ê= lq judgr gl ulfhyhuh
xq lqglul}}r doo*lqwhuqr ghoor vsd}lr gl
phpruld gho nhuqho/ vld lq prgr
shupdqhqwh fkh wudplwh xqd
pdssdwxud whpsrudqhd1
Frplqfldpr fro slÛ idfloh=
PhpWrwdo1 Hvvr prvwud od
glphqvlrqh ghood yrvwud phpruld
ilvlfd pdssdeloh gdo nhuqho1 Txdo Ê
txl lo vljqlilfdwr gl %pdssdeloh%B Od
Fkh frvd vljqlilfd txhvwrB
Vheehqh lo ELRV +Edvlf Lqsxw Rxwsxw
V|vwhp, ulohyl/ glfldpr/ 5 JlE f*Ê od
srvvlelolw fkh lo nhuqho Olqx{ vld lq
judgr gl ghglfduqh xqd txdqwlwÂ
47Õ
lqglfh a
FRPSUHQGHUH OH VWDWLVWLFKH GHOOD PHPRULD YLUWXDOH
plqruh1 Glshqgh gd frph ylhqh
frqiljxudwr lo nhuqho gxudqwh od
frpslod}lrqh1 Irqgdphqwdophqwh fl
vrqr wuh lpsrvwd}lrql=
0 Ulohyduh ilqr d ;<9 PlE/
frqrvflxwd dqfkh frph %qr
kljkphp%1
0 Ulohyduh wud ;<9 PlE h 7 JlE
0 Ulohyduh ilqr d 97 JlE1
0 Ulfklhgh fkh vld sulpd delolwdwd
xqd fdudwwhulvwlfd gho surfhvvruh
fkldpdwd SDH +Sk|vlfdo Dgguhvv
H{whqvlrq,1
Oh lppdjlql gho nhuqho fdulfdwh
lq prgr suhghilqlwr gdood pdjjlru
sduwh ghooh prghuqh glvwulex}lrql
vrqr lq judgr gl ulohyduh h xvduh ilqr
d 7 JlE1 Shu xvduqh gl slÛ dyuhwh
elvrjqr gl lqvwdooduh xq sdffkhwwr gl
lppdjlqh gho nhuqho fkldpdwr gl
vrolwr fro vxiilvvr %kxjhphp% r
%sdh%1 Frqwuroodwh od
grfxphqwd}lrqh ghood yrvwud
glvwulex}lrqh shu vdshuqh gl slÛ1
Srwhwh dqfkh vhoh}lrqdoh lo prgr
%Kljk Phpru| Vxssruw% ghqwur od
vh}lrqh %Surfhvvru w|sh h ihdwxuhv%
gxudqwh od frqiljxud}lrqh gho nhuqho
h srl frpsloduqh gd yrl lo vrujhqwh1 ª
xqd yrvwud vfhowd1
Od txdqwlw gl phpruld fkh
ylhqh dvvhjqdwd shu qlhqwh Ê
%PhpIuhh%1 Lq prowl VR prghuql/
qrq vror lq Olqx{/ txhvwr fdpsr
whqgh fro whpsr d glplqxluh
udslgdphqwh1 Txhvwr qrq
qhfhvvduldphqwh vljqlilfd fkh f*Ê
xqd doorfd}lrqh gl phpruld
djjuhvvlyd gd sduwh ghooh
dssolfd}lrql1 Srwuheeh dqfkh
vljqlilfduh fkh lo nhuqho ulfruuh prowr
do fdfklqj/ ulgxfhqgr frvÎ od
iuhtxhq}d gl dffhvvr do glvfr1
Od glphqvlrqh wrwdoh gl wxwwh oh
yrvwuh sduwl}lrql h iloh gl vzds sxÔ
hvvhuh ylvwd lq VzdsWrwdo1 Gl qxryr/
vror gl txhool dwwlyl$ VzdsIuhh lqglfd
vhpsolfhphqwh txdqwr vsd}lr Ê
glvsrqleloh/ frvÎ fkh lo jhvwruh gl
phpruld gl Olqx{ srvvd vslqjhuh
ixrul gdood UDP oh sdjlqh lqdwwlyh r
txhooh xvdwh phqr gl uhfhqwh1
L whuplql exiihu h fdfkh kdqqr xq
vljqlilfdwr fkh glvrulhqwd xq sr*1 Lq
hiihwwl hqwudpel vl ulihulvfrqr do sdjh
fdfkh/ vwuxwwxuh gl sdjlqd doorfdwh
fruuhqwhphqwh fkh vrqr xvdwh shu
phprul}}duh whpsrudqhdphqwh l
frqwhqxwl ghl eorffkl ghl glvsrvlwlyl d
fxl vl Ê dffhgxwr gl uhfhqwh1 Vh vl
ghyh dffhghuh do glvfr
glyhuvdphqwh fkh qhood judqxodulwÂ
ghood glphqvlrqh gl sdjlqd +7 NlE
qhooh dufklwhwwxuh Lqwho {;9 d 65
e|wh, yhqjrqr doorfdwl lq prgr
vshflilfr l exiihu +oh phprulh
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
wdpsrqh,1 Yl ilqlvfrqr
lqrgh/ yrfl gl fduwhooh/
vxshueorffkl r l ulvxowdwl
gdo L2R gluhwwr1
G*dowur fdqwr lo fdpsr
fdfkh/ fkh Ê
xq*deeuhyld}lrqh shu sdjh
fdfkh/ frqwlhqh l ulvxowdwl
ghoo*L2R edvdwl vxo ilohv|vwhp1 Vh
hvhjxlwh/ shu hvhpslr/ %fdw
2hwf2vhuylfhv% lo frqwhqxwr gho iloh
ilqlvfh lq %fdfkh% phqwuh o*lqrgh
fkh ghvfulyh l phwdgdwl gho iloh
ylhqh phprul}}dwr
whpsrudqhdphqwh lq %exiihuv%1
L exiihu h od fdfkh qrq vrqr xwlol
vrowdqwr shu oh rshud}lrql gl ohwwxud1
Gxudqwh oh rshud}lrql gl vfulwwxud vl
frpsruwdqr frph phpruld
whpsrudqhd sulpd fkh l frqwhqxwl
vldqr lqyldwl dl glvsrvlwlyl gl
dssrjjlr1 FrvÎ idfhqgr h lq
dvvrfld}lrqh frq o*L2R dvlqfurqr
lpslhjdwr gdo nhuqho Olqx{/ oh
rshud}lrql gl vfulwwxud srvvrqr
hvvhuh gliihulwh dg xq vxffhvvlyr
prphqwr h l wdvn srwuheehur
ulsuhqghuh d iduh txdofrv*dowur slÛ
yhorfhphqwh1 Txhvwr vwloh gl L2R
gliihulwr uhqgh dqfkh srvvlelol oh
rshud}lrql gl vfulwwxud0xqlrqh1
Ulvxowdwr qhwwr= xq dxphqwr gl
suhvwd}lrqh1
48Õ
Od vzds fdfkh Ê xqr vshfldoh
jhqhuh gl fdfkh1 Rn/ vdssldpr fkh
iduh vzdsslqj vljqlilfd vsrvwduh
dofxqh sdjlqh +prowr suredelophqwh
lqdwwlyh shu xq fhuwr shulrgr, yhuvr
o*duhd gl vzds1 Frpxqtxh/ lq xq
vlvwhpd lpshjqdwr/ Ê suredeloh fkh
txhooh sdjlqh vldqr ulsruwdwh d
euhyh qhood UDP1 Ulfkldpduh oh
sdjlqh gdoo*duhd gl vzds ulfklhgh
whpsr shuflÔ/ frq od vwhvvd orjlfd
dssolfdwd dooh qrupdol rshud}lrql gl
ohwwxud ghl iloh/ dofxqh ghooh sdjlqh
wudvihulwh yhqjrqr phprul}}dwh
whpsrudqhdphqwh qhood UDP1 FrvÎ/
txdqgr glyhqwdqr qhfhvvdulh shu
vrgglviduh xq sdjh idxow qrq f*Ê
elvrjqr fkh vld jhqhudwr dofxq L2R
gdo glvfr1
lqglfh a
FRPSUHQGHUH OH VWDWLVWLFKH GHOOD PHPRULD YLUWXDOH
Oh vwdwlvwlfkh vhjxhqwl kdqqr
xqd ydjd uhod}lrqh frq l frqwdwrul
ghooh sdjlqh dwwlyh h lqdwwlyh1 Vrqr l
frqwdwrul uhodwlyl dood phpruld d
edvvr h dg dowr olyhoor +KljkWrwdo/
OrzWrwdo/ KljkIuhh/ OrzIuhh,1 ShufkË
f*Ê od phpruld dg dowr olyhoorB Hffr lo
frqwhvwr1 lq xq vlvwhpd {;9 d 650elw
lo nhuqho kd 4JlE gl vsd}lr lqglul}}r
phqwuh lo prgr xwhqwh qh kd 6 JlE1
FlÔ Ê qrwr frph od glylvlrqh 6=41 Lq
txhvwr lqwhuydoor gl lqglul}}r gl 4 JlE
od UDP ylhqh pdssdwd gluhwwdphqwh1
Frq %gluhwwdphqwh% vl lqwhqgh fkh
ylhqh dwwulexlwd xqd fruulvsrqghq}d
gl lghqwlw +xqd pdssdwxud gl
lghqwlwÂ,/ dg hvhpslr o*lqglul}}r
olqhduh 3{F3333334 Ê o*lqglul}}r
ilvlfr 3{33333334/ o*lqglul}}r olqhduh
3{F3333335 Ê o*lqglul}}r ilvlfr
3{33333335 h frvÎ yld1
Vl sxÔ udslgdphqwh frqfoxghuh
fkh oh sdjlqh ilvlfkh vrsud 4JlE qrq
srvvrqr hvvhuh pdssdwh
gluhwwdphqwh1 Lq uhdowÂ Ê phqr gl 4
JlE> vrqr flufd ;<9 PlE d fdxvd gl
dofxqh uhvwul}lrql fkh yhguhpr
grsr1 Wxwwr flÔ fkh sxÔ hvvhuh
pdssdwr gluhwwdphqwh Ê qrwr frph
phpruld gl edvvr olyhoor hg Ê lqfoxvr
lq xqd }rqd gl phpruld fkldpdwd
]RQHbQRUPDO1
Doorud/ frph rffxsduvl ghood UDP
vxshulruh d ;<9 PlEB Hvvd ylhqh
dqfrud ulohydwd hg hqxphudwd gdo
nhuqho1 Frpxqtxh/ vh txdofrvd
ghyh dffhghuyl Ê qhfhvvdulr fkh vld
pdssdwd/ lq prgr shupdqhqwh r
whpsrudqhr doo*lqwhuqr ghoor vsd}lr
lqglul}}r gho nhuqho1 Qho fdvr gl
doorfd}lrqh gl vsd}lr xwhqwh/ lo nhuqho
fuhhu lq vhjxlwr od pdssdwxud
qhfhvvduld qhoor vsd}lr lqglul}}r
xwhqwh h ulodvfhu od pdssdwxud
qhoor vsd}lr nhuqho1 Shu txhvwd
udjlrqh oh sdjlqh vrsud jol ;<9 PlE
yhqjrqr fkldpdwh phpruld dowd h
lqfoxvh lq ]RQHbKLJKPHP1
Qrwd= qhooh dufklwhwwxuh {97 h
LD97/ od phpruld dowd
vhpsolfhphqwh qrq hvlvwh shufkË or
vsd}lr lqglul}}r sxÔ frsuluh prowr
slÛ gl 4 JlE1
D txhvwr sxqwr sduoldpr ghood
idpljold ghooh vwdwlvwlfkh dwwlyh h
lqdwwlyh1 Sursulr frph dofxqh ghooh
frvh fkh qrl xpdql dftxlvwldpr shu
oh qrvwuh qhfhvvlw txrwlgldqh
srvvrqr hvvhuh xvdwh gl iuhtxhqwh r
lqiuhtxhqwhphqwh/ r ududphqwh/ or
vwhvvr Ê ydolgr shu o*doorfd}lrqh ghood
phpruld1 Vrujh shuÔ xq sureohpd=
txdqgr od phpruld olehud glyhqwd
olplwdwd r lo nhuqho yxroh vslqjhuoh
ixrul gdood UDP/ txdol vrqr oh sdjlqh
suhvh gl pludB
Vl rwwlhqh od ulvsrvwd srqhqgr oh
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
sdjlqh doorfdwh lq gxh fdwhjrulh=
dwwlyh h lqdwwlyh1 Hvvh yhqjrqr
lpsohphqwdwh frph hohqfkl
froohjdwl1 Txhvwl hohqfkl vrqr
xowhulruphqwh vsh}}dwl shu rjql }rqd
gl phpruld= GPD/ qrupdoh h
kljkphp1 Lq sduroh sryhuh/ od }rqd
GPD lqglfd o*duhd gl phpruld fkh
sxÔ hvvhuh ulihulwd dooh rshud}lrql
GPD + 3049PlE lq {;9 650elw,/ od
}rqd qrupdoh frsuh o*lqwhuydoor 490
;<9PlE h kljkphp frsuh lo uhvwr1
Qrwdwh fkh o*hvlvwhq}d ghood }rqd
kljkphp glshqgh gdo idwwr fkh vld r
phqr delolwdwr FRQILJbKLJKPHP
qhood frqiljxud}lrqh gho nhuqho1
Lql}ldophqwh oh sdjlqh yhqjrqr
dvvhjqdwh doo*hohqfr gl txhooh dwwlyh1
Shulrglfdphqwh lo surfhvvr gho
nhuqho nvzdsg ylhqh ulvyhjoldwr hg
hvdplqd wxwwh oh }rqh gl phpruld1
O*hvdph srwuheeh dqfkh yhulilfduvl
txdqgr yl Ê xqd fduhq}d gl sdjlqh
olehuh1
Shu rjqxqd ghooh }rqh/ hvvr
frqwurood vh oh sdjlqh olehuh vrqr
dqfrud vrsud xqd fhuwd vrjold1 Vh or
vrqr doorud xq fhuwr qxphur gl
sdjlqh vdudqqr vsrvwdwh qhoo*hohqfr
ghooh lqdwwlyh1 Lq vhjxlwr yhqjrqr
dqfkh hvdplqdwl jol hohqfkl ghooh
sdjlqh lqdwwlyh1 Txhooh xvdwh phqr
gl uhfhqwh yhqjrqr vsrvwdwh ixrul
ghoor vzds ilqr dg xqd fhuwd vrjold
49Õ
suhghilqlwd1
Lo uhfhqwh vyloxssr gho nhuqho
glylgh txhvwl hohqfkl lq txhool fkh
frqwhqjrqr oh sdjlqh dqrqlph h
txhool fkh frqwhqjrqr oh sdjlqh
dvvrfldwh d iloh +iloh0edfnhg,1 Or
vfrsr Ê irfdol}}duvl vxo uhfxshur
ghooh sdjlqh dvvrfldwh d iloh h
vrsudwxwwr djjluduh oh sdjlqh
dqrqlph1 Jol vyloxssdwrul gho nhuqho
vrqr jlxqwl d txhvwd frqfoxvlrqh
grsr dyhuh dqdol}}dwr sduhffkl
fdulfkl gl odyrur1 Txhvwd srolwlfd/
frpxqtxh/ srwuheeh fdpelduh
+dqfkh udglfdophqwh, qho ixwxur1 Xq
dowur ydqwdjjlr gl txhvwd
vhsdud}lrqh Ê lo vhjxhqwh= qrq Ê
qhfhvvdulr fkh nvzdsg hvdplql
o*lqwhur hohqfr shu fhufduh lq prgr
vshflilfr vrowdqwr oh sdjlqh dqrqlph
r txhooh dvvrfldwh d iloh1
Sdvvdqgr do fdpsr SdjhWdeohv/
txhvwr srwuheeh frvwulqjhuyl d
uliohwwhuh shu dofxql vhfrqgl1
Lqqdq}lwxwwr/ frv*Ê xqd Sdjh0Wdeoh
+wdehood gl sdjlqd}lrqh,B « xqd
vwuxwwxud gl gdwl fkh dlxwd xq flufxlwr
kdugzduh fkldpdwr PPX +Phpru|
Pdqdjhphqw Xqlw, d wudgxuuh jol
lqglul}}l yluwxdol lq lqglul}}l ilvlfl1 Xqd
wdehood gl sdjlqd}lrqh Ê frph xqd
pdssd fkh g xq*lqglfd}lrqh vx
frph hiihwwxduh xqd wdoh wudgx}lrqh1
Dg hvhpslr/ jxdugdqgr oh yrfl gl
lqglfh a
FRPSUHQGHUH OH VWDWLVWLFKH GHOOD PHPRULD YLUWXDOH
xqd wdehood gl sdjlqd}lrqh/ o*lqglul}}r
yluwxdoh 433 srwuheeh hvvhuh ulvrowr
qhoo*lqglul}}r ilvlfr 43331 Txhvwr Ê lo
irqgdphqwr ghood prgdolw surwhwwd
gryh dg rjql ixq}lrqh ylhqh gdwr xq
glvwlqwr vsd}lr lqglul}}r gho wdvn1
Rjqxqr gl orur/ txlqgl/%vhqwh% gl
srvvhghuh shu vË o*lqwhud UDP1
Od glphqvlrqh gl xqd vlqjrod
wdehood gl sdjlqd}lrqh yduld lq
ixq}lrqh ghoo*dufklwhwwxud ghood
pdffklqd1 Prowr suredelophqwh Ê r
gl 7 NlE r gl ; NlE1 Txhvw*xowlpd Ê
xwlol}}dwd vh vl delolwd SDH qho nhuqho
lq hvhfx}lrqh1 Frq SDH srwhwh
lqglul}}duh od UDP ilvlfd ilqr d 97 JlE
frq l qrupdol surfhvvrul {;9 d 650elw1
SlÛ phpruld doorfdwh/ slÛ yrfl vduÂ
qhfhvvdulr djjlxqjhuh dooh wdehooh gl
sdjlqd}lrqh1 Oh vwhvvh wdehooh gl
sdjlqd}lrqh frqvxpdqr UDP/
shufkË qrq Ê srvvleloh phwwhuoh vx
xq*dowud phpruld1 Wxwwdyld/ jud}lh
door vfkhpd gl sdjlqd}lrqh
pxowlolyhoor lpsohphqwdwr qho nhuqho
Olqx{/ lo frqvxpr gl phpruld ghooh
wdehooh gl sdjlqd}lrqh sxÔ hvvhuh
ulgrwwr do plqlpr1
Oh yrfl FrpplwwOlplw h
FrpplwwhgbDV lqglfdqr/
ulvshwwlydphqwh/ o*dwwxdoh ulvhuyd gl
phpruld h lo olplwh pdvvlpr
xwlol}}deloh1 O*doorfd}lrqh hiihwwlyd gl
phpruld ylhqh hiihwwxdwd lq
pdqlhud gliihulwd/ h flrÊ ylhqh idwwd
txdqgr Ê gdyyhur qhfhvvduld1
O*lqglfdwruh vl dssolfd qho prphqwr
lq fxl Ê lqqhvfdwr xq sdjh idxow/ fkh
vld xqr pdjjlruh r plqruh1 FlÔ fkh
dffdgh yhudphqwh txdqgr xq
surjudppd ulfklhgh ghood phpruld/
glfldpr shu ph}}r ghood ixq}lrqh
pdoorf+, 0 Ê vror doorfd}lrqh ghoo*duhd
gl phpruld yluwxdoh +YPD,/ r vl
wudwwd gl hvwhqghuh o*hvlvwhqwh
doo*lqwhuqr gl xq fhuwr vsd}lr lqglul}}r
gl surfhvvrB Srwhwh uhqghuyl frqwr
fkh txhvwr Ê lo shufkË vld ghfulwwr
frph %frpplwwbb% / flrÊ %Pl
lpshjqr d iruqluwl 45; NlE gl UDP%1
Lo fdpsr DqrqSdjhv +Sdjlqh
Dqrqlph, lqglfd oh sdjlqh doorfdwh
fkh qrq kdqqr phpruld gl
dssrjjlr1 FlÔ srwuheeh hvvhuh lo
ulvxowdwr gl pdoorf+, r ppds+, frq
o*lqglfdwruh PDSbDQRQ\PRXV1 FlÔ
kd xqd uhod}lrqh deedvwdq}d vwuhwwd
frq od vrppd gl wxwwd od glphqvlrqh
ilvvd lqwhuqd ghl wdvn +uhvlghqw vhw
vl}h/ gl iuhtxhqwh deeuhyldwr lq UVV,1
Vh yrohwh yhghuh lo uhdoh frqvxpr gl
phpruld suredelophqwh Ê txhvwr lo
fdpsr fkh vwdwh fhufdqgr1 Oh
sdjlqh dqrqlph yhqjrqr vslqwh
ixrul gdoo*duhd gl vzds qhooh
vlwxd}lrql gl phpruld olplwdwd/
txhvwr Ê lo frqwudulr gho sdjh fdfkh1
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
Hvvh yhqjrqr vhpsolfhphqwh
uljhwwdwh qho glvfr1
Vwdwlvwlfkh Kxjh sdjh
Dghvvr wudwwhuhpr
KxjhSdjhvbWrwdo/ KxjhSdjhvbIuhh/
KxjhSdjhbUvyg +sdjlqh hqrupl
ulvhuydwh,/ KxjhSdjhvbVxus +sdjlqd
hqruph vxusoxv, h Kxjhsdjhvl}h1
Pd/ sulpd gl wxwwr/ frv*Ê xqd sdjlqd
hqruphB Frph vxjjhulvfh or vwhvvr
qrph vl lqwhqgrqr sdjlqh od fxl
glphqvlrqh Ê slÛ judqgh gl txhood
qrupdoh doorfdwd gdo nhuqho Olqx{1 Lo
vlvwhpd {;9 vxssruwd ydulh
glphqvlrql gl sdjlqd= 7NlE/ 5PlE h 7
PlE> oh xowlph gxh glshqgrqr gd
fhuwl lqglfdwrul1 Gl vrolwr Olqx{
suhihulvfh xvduh frph glphqvlrqh gl
sdjlqd l 7NlE1 Pd/ lq dofxqh
rffdvlrql/ glphqvlrql gl sdjlqd slÛ
judqgl dssruwdqr ghl ehqhilfl1
Lppdjlqdwh txhvwr vfhqdulr1 Xq
surfhvvr qhfhvvlwd gl doorfduh 7PlE
gl UDP1 Vh lo nhuqho xvd xqd sdjlqd
gd 7NlE vhuyludqqr 4357 doorfd}lrql
gl sdjlqd iudph/ vhq}d phq}lrqduh
od sdjlqd doorfdwd shu oh wdehooh gl
sdjlqd}lrqh1 Rud/ vh xvldpr xqd
glphqvlrqh gl sdjlqd gd 7 PlE/
dyuhpr elvrjqr vror gl xqd
doorfd}lrqh gl sdjlqd shu yrowd h gl
xqr vsd}lr lqihulruh shu od wdehood gl
4:Õ
sdjlqd}lrqh1 Lq hiihwwl lo uhdoh
ehqhilflr ulvlhgh lq xq flufxlwr
fkldpdwr WOE +Wudqvodwlrq Orrn0
dvlgh Exiihu,1 Lo flufxlwr WOE
phprul}}d whpsrudqhdphqwh
dofxqh ghooh xowlph wudgx}lrql gl
lqglul}}r1 Frph srwhwh lqwxluh/ xqd
glphqvlrqh gl sdjlqd slÛ judqgh
ulfklhgh phqr yrfl qhooh wdehood gl
sdjlqd}lrqh1 Gxqtxh/ dqfkh WOE
phprul}}d phqr yrfl1 FlÔ
dffhohuhu xowhulrul ulfhufkh
g*lqglul}}r/ xq ydqwdjjlr shu oh
dssolfd}lrql fkh dffhgrqr
iuhtxhqwhphqwh dood UDP1
Oh dssolfd}lrql srvvrqr
ulfklhghuh oh sdjlqh hqrupl xvdqgr
od oleuhuld kxjhwoeiv1 Oh vwdwlvwlfkh/
gxqtxh/ vrqr uliohvvh qhl fdpsl fro
suhilvvr %KxjhSdjh%1 L fdpsl
KxjhSdjhvbWrwdo/ KxjhSdjhbIuhh
vrqr idflol gd frpsuhqghuh1
Uliohwwrqr/ ulvshwwlydphqwh/ od
glphqvlrqh wrwdoh ghooh sdjlqh
hqrupl h gl txhooh olehuh1
KxjhSdjhbUvyg lqglfd od txdqwlwÂ
ghooh sdjlqh hqrupl lpshjqdwh/ slÛ
r phqr frph lo vljqlilfdwr gl
FrpplwwhgbDV1 KxjhSdjhbVxus
lqglfd od glphqvlrqh ghooh sdjlqh
hqrupl dggl}lrqdol fkh yhqjrqr
doorfdwh gdo nhuqho vh
xq*dssolfd}lrqh fhufd slÛ sdjlqh
hqrupl gl KxjhSdjhvbWrwdo1 Txhvwr
lqglfh a
FRPSUHQGHUH OH VWDWLVWLFKH GHOOD PHPRULD YLUWXDOH
qxphur qrq sxÔ hffhghuh
2surf2v|v2yp2qubryhufrpplwbkxjhs
djhv1 Od glphqvlrqh ghood sdjlqd Ê
lqglfdwd gd Kxjhsdjhvl}h1
Vwdwlvwlfkh Ypdoorf
Shu o*xwhqwh phglr gl Olqx{ h shu
jol vyloxssdwrul/ od fkldpdwd gl
ixq}lrqh pdoorf+, Ê suredelophqwh od
slÛ frqrvflxwd shu doorfduh od
phpruld1 Wxwwdyld/ qhoor vsd}lr
nhuqho/ yl vrqr prowh ixq}lrql fkh vl
rffxsdqr ghoo*doorfd}lrqh gl
phpruld1 Od pdjjlru sduwh gl
txhvwh ixq}lrql vhuyrqr shu doorfduh
sdjlqh ilvlfdphqwh frqwljxh1 ª idfloh
suhgluh fkh/ vh vl yxroh ulfklhghuh
xqd sduwh uhodwlydphqwh judqgh gl
phpruld/ od suredelolw fkh pdqfkl
Ê dowd/ vshfldophqwh lq xqd phpruld
yluwxdoh dowdphqwh iudpphqwdwd1
Od vrox}lrqhB Lqyhfh gl dvshwwduh
ghooh sdjlqh ilvlfdphqwh frqwljxh/
shufkË qrq ghooh sduwl gl phpruld
yluwxdophqwh frqwljxhB
Frqiljxudqgr oh yrfl ghood wdehood gl
sdjlqd}lrqh/ oh sduwl vsdusdjoldwh
ghl iudph gl xqd sdjlqd vdudqqr
ylvwl frph frqwljxl/ sursulr frph flÔ
fkh hiihwwlydphqwh yhgldpr qhoor
vsd}lr xwhqwh +qrq yh qh uhqghwh
frqwr/ yhurB,1 Lo qrph ghood ixq}lrqh
fkh id txhvwr Ê ypdoorf+,1 O*xqlfd
frvd ulpdvwd gho urpslfdsr Ê gryh
vrqr pdssdwh oh sdjlqh gdo nhuqhoB
ª vxiilflhqwh gluh fkh ghqwur or
vsd}lr lqglul}}r gho nhuqho +oxqjr
4JlE, l 45;PlE vxshulrul vrqr
ulvhuydwl d ypdoorf h dood pdssdwxud
ghood phpruld dowd/ hwf1 Doo*lqwhuqr gl
txhvwr vsd}lr lqglul}}r ulvhuydwr/
ypdoorf+, sxÔ pdssduh oh sdjlqh
rwwhqxwh1 Lo fdpsr YpdoorfWrwdo
lqglfd od oxqjkh}}d ghoor vsd}lr
ulvhuydwr d ypdoorf1 YpdoorfXvhg fl
lqirupd gho txdqwlwdwlyr wrwdoh gl
sdjlqh wudwwdwh gd ypdoorf+,1 Lqilqh/
YpdoorfFkxqn lqglfd or vsd}lr
lqglul}}r slÛ oxqjr gryh oh sdjlqh
doorfdwh gl uhfhqwh gd ypdoorf
srwuheehur hvvhuh pdssdwh1
Vwdwlvwlfkh GluhfwPds=
Ulfrugdwh fkh qhooh dufklwhwwxuh
{;9 d 650elw od UDP Ê glylvd lq }rqh
h lo nhuqho Ê pdssdwr doo*lqwhuqr
ghoor vsd}lr lqglul}}r vxshulruh d
4JlE1 Txhvwr vsd}lr lqglul}}r kd xqd
lghqwlfd pdssdwxud wud l iudph gl
sdjlqd ilvlfd/ d frplqflduh
gdoo*lqglul}}r 3/ h o*lqglul}}r yluwxdoh
fkh frplqfld sursulr vrsud l 6JlE1
Srvvldpr sursulr fkldpduor
pdssdwxud gluhwwd1
Fl vrqr srvvlelolw fkh txl vldqr
qhfhvvdul prowl iudph gl sdjlqd1 Shu
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
vrgglviduh txhvwd qhfhvvlwÂ
o*doorfdwruh gl phpruld xwlol}}d rjql
glphqvlrqh gl sdjlqd glvsrqleloh
iruqlwd gdo vlvwhpd1 Frph deeldpr
dffhqqdwr qhood vh}lrqh sdjlqh
hqrupl/ deeldpr frph vfhowh 7NlE h
7PlE/ slÛ 5 PlE vh lo nhuqho kd SDH
delolwdwr +qho fdvr gho vxssruwr gl
97JlE gl kljkphp,1 Gxudqwh
o*lql}ldol}}d}lrqh gho vlvwhpd/ lo nhuqho
xvhu od slÛ dowd glphqvlrqh gl
sdjlqd glvsrqleloh shu pdssduh
o*lqwhur vsd}lr lqglul}}r gho nhuqho1 Lq
vhjxlwr/ shu vrgglviduh ulfklhvwh gl
phpruld slÛ slffroh/ dofxqh gl
txhvwh judqgl sdjlqh yhqjrqr
glylvh lq sdjlqh slÛ slffroh1
L fdpsl GluhfwPds7n r
GluhfwPds7P uliohwwrqr od
glphqvlrqh gl UDP fkh ylhqh
pdssdwd xwlol}}dqgr sduwlfrodul
glphqvlrql gl sdjlqd1
Fdpsl plvwl=
Fdpsr Porfnhg= ghwhuplqd
o*dpprqwduh gl phpruld doorfdwd
fkh Ê uljrurvdphqwh surlelwr fkh
yhqjd holplqdwd gdooh sdjlqh1
Dofxqh dssolfd}lrql/ prowr
yhurvlplophqwh txhooh vhqvlelol dood
odwhq}d h txhooh lq whpsr uhdoh/
idqqr txhvwr jhqhuh gl rshud}lrqh1
Dwwudyhuvr porfn+, h porfndoo+, xq
4;Õ
surjudppdwruh sxÔ fklhghuh do
jhvwruh gl phpruld gl ilvvduh qhood
UDP fhuwh duhh gl phpruld1 ShufkË
gryuheeh hvvhuh qhfhvvduld
xq*rshud}lrqh vlplohB Dvvlfxudqgrvl
fkh hvvd qrq yhqjd vfdpeldwd/ qrq
vl yhulilfkhudqqr huurul frq oh sdjlqh
judqgl1 Txlqgl ylhqh jdudqwlwr fkh lo
whpsr gl dffhvvr dood phpruld vld lo
slÛ yhorfh srvvleloh1
Fdpsr Gluw|= Qr/ qrq vljqlilfd
fkh txdofxqr gryuheeh sruwduh
dofxql ghl yrvwul edqfkl gl phpruld
UDP dood odydqghuld slÛ ylflqd =,
Ulfrugdwh fkh/ dwwudyhuvr od sdjh
fdfkh/ od vfulwwxud vx glvfr ylhqh
idwwd lq prgr gliihulwr1 FrvÎ/ lq fhuwl
prphqwl/ oh sdjlqh qhood UDP h l
orur eorffkl gl gdwl gl ulqiru}r qhood
phpruld/ srwuheehur qrq frqwhqhuh
jol vwhvvl gdwl1 Txhvwr Ê flÔ fkh
fkldpldpr %sdjlqh vsrufkh%1 Xq
judqgh qxphur gl sdjlqh vsrufkh
vljqlilfd fkh yl Ê lq fruvr prowd
vfulwwxud do yror gho glvfr1
Fdpsr Zulwhedfn= lqglfd
o*dpprqwduh gl iudph gl sdjlqh
vsrufkh qhood UDP +lq NlE, fkh ylhqh
dqfrud ulvfulwwd vxood phpruld gl
ulqiru}r1 Orjlfdphqwh %zulwhedfn%
qrq sxÔ hffhghuh %gluw|%1 Gl qxryr/
qhl vlvwhpl ohjdwl doo*L2R/ txhvwr
qxphur srwuheeh vhpsuh hvvhuh
lqglfh a
FRPSUHQGHUH OH VWDWLVWLFKH GHOOD PHPRULD YLUWXDOH
pdjjlruh gl }hur/ lo fkh Ê qrupdoh1
Pd/ vror shu suhyhq}lrqh/ Ê phjolr
gduh xq*rffkldwd d
2ydu2orj2phvvdjhv lq fdvr yl vldqr
huurul gl vfulwwxud L2R1
Fdpsr ZulwhedfnWps= kd xqd
uhod}lrqh deedvwdq}d ydjd frq
%Zulwhedfn%1 Gdood wudffldwxud gho
frglfh vrujhqwh/ vhpeud fkh txhvwd
vwdwlvwlfd vld froohjdwd vror frq IXVH
+Ilohv|vwhp rq Xvhu Vsdfh,1 Rjql
yrowd fkh xq surfhvvr yxroh vfulyhuh
yhuvr xq ilohv|vwhp IXVH/ yhqjrqr
doorfdwh sduhffklh sdjlqh fkh
vlpxodqr ghl exiihu vsrufkl1 Txhvwl
exiihu vsrufkl yhqjrqr srl lqyldwl
yhuvr lo %glsrvlwlyr gl dssrjjlr%1 Or
vfulyr wud ylujrohwwh shufkË/ frph
vdshwh/ IXVH srwuheeh viuxwwduh
txdvl wxwwr frph ilohv|vwhp= VVK/
IWS/ KWWS h frvÎ yld1 Txlqgl/ lq
txhvwr vhqvr/ exiihu gl vfulwwxud
srwuheeh lq hiihwwl vljqlilfduh
vfulyhuh gdwl vx relhwwlyl uhprwl/
xwlol}}dqgr fhuwl surwrfrool/ vhq}d
frpsruwduh rshud}lrql vxl eorffkl1
Fdpsr Erxqfh= glphqvlrqh
ghood UDP ilvlfd fkh Ê xwlol}}dwd
frph wudqvlwr whpsrudqhr/
fkldpdwd exiihu erxqfh +phpruld
wdpsrqh gl ulpedo}r, shu lo ioxvvr gl
gdwl wud fhuwh duhh gl phpruld
+yhurvlplophqwh qhood }rqd ghood
phpruld dowd, h glvsrvlwlyl frph
VFVL r SFL1 Gxudwh oh rshud}lrql
GPD/ dofxql gl txhvwl glvsrvlwlyl qrq
srvvrqr lqglul}}duh slÛ gl 4JlE/ frvÎ
lo nhuqho doorfd lo erxqfh exiihu lq
xqd }rqd gl phpruld edvvd h sulpd
frsld oÎ l gdwl1
Rjjljlruqr txdvl wxwwl
SFL2SFLh{2VFVL2VDWD hwf1 srvvrqr
lqglul}}duh ilqr d 7JlE1 FrvÎ/ frq
o*dssursuldwr vxssruwr ghl gulyhu gho
glvsrvlwlyr/ lo erxqfh exiihu qrq Ê
txdvl slÛ qhfhvvdulr1 Wxwwdyld/ frph
wxwwl qrl vdssldpr ehqlvvlpr/ l
vhuyhu h l ghvnwrs htxlsdjjldwl frq
7 JlE gl UDP vrqr slxwwrvwr frpxql1
Shu fhuwh hvljhq}h/ hvvl yhqjrqr
suhvwr djjlruqdwl d ;JlE/ 49JlE r
dqfkh slÛ1 Shu rffxsduvl gl xqd frvÎ
judqgh phpruld dowd l erxqfh
exiihu srwuheehur dqfrud hvvhuh
qhfhvvdul1
Fdpsr Pdsshg= yl prvwud
o*dpprqwduh wrwdoh ghl frqwhqxwl ghl
iloh jl pdssdwl hqwur or vsd}lr
lqglul}}r gl xq surfhvvr/ h fkh vrqr
vwdwl ulfkldpdwl lq phpruld1 Txdqwr
dl iloh fkh yhqjrqr ohwwl pd qrq
pdssdwl lq phpruld/ hvvl yhqjrqr
vhpsolfhphqwh hvfoxvl gd txhvwh
vwdwlvwlfkh1
Gl vhjxlwr vslhjkldpr Vode/
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
VUhfodpdleoh h VXquhfodlp1 Vode Ê
xq wlsr gl fdfkh shu fhuwh vwuxwwxuh
gdwl gho nhuqho1 Jud}lh d vode / lo flfor
sdjlqh doorfdwh0olehuh0doorfdwh sxÔ
hvvhuh dffhohudwr srlfkË dofxqh
vwuxwwxuh gl gdwl qrq yhqjrqr
olehudwh gdyyhur pd vrowdqwr
pdufdwh frph ulxwlol}}delol1
Doo*lqwhuqr gl txhvwd fdfkh/ hvvh
yhqjrqr fodvvlilfdwh frph
uhfodpdelol r qrq uhfodpdelol1 Frph
vxjjhulvfh lo qrph/ uhfodpdelol
vljqlilfd fkh srvvrqr hvvhuh
gdyyhur olehudwh +ulphvvh frph
sdjlqh olehuh, lq fdvr gl fduhq}d gl
phpruld olehud1 Gdoo*dowud sduwh/ qrq
uhfodpdelol vljqlilfd fkh qrq
srvvrqr hvvhuh olehudwh gdo jhvwruh
gl phpruld gho nhuqho1 Srvvrqr
hvvhuh olehudwh vrowdqwr
gdoo*ruljlqdulr doorfdwruh1
Xqhylfwdeoh Ê xq vxshulqvlhph gl
vwdwlvwlfkh gl porfnhg/ pd kdqqr
doo*lqflufd or vwhvvr vljqlilfdwr= l
iudph gl sdjlqd ulpdqjrqr lq UDP/
qrq lpsruwd flÔ fkh vxffhgh1 Hffr
dofxqh ghooh udjlrql shu fxl hvvh
srwuheehur qrq hvvhuh ulprvvh=
dssduwhqjrqr do ilohv|vwhp edvdwr
vxood UDP +shu hvhpslr udpiv/ pd
qrq vkpiv$,/ pdqfdq}d gl vsd}lr
vzds/ xqd sduwh gl phpruld
frqglylvd eorffdwd h frvÎ yld1
4<Õ
Vh xvdwh QIV srwuhvwh yrohu
frqwurooduh lo fdpsr QIVbXqvwdeoh1 lo
qrph Ê deedvwdq}d lqwulfdwr pd lq
hiihwwl kd slÛ r phqr or vwhvvr
vljqlilfdwr gl sdjlqd vsrufd1
Yhgldpr xq sr* frph ixq}lrqd QIV=
qho frqwhvwr gl xq prqwdjjlr QIV
dvlqfurqr/ txdqgr l frqwhqxwl
djjlruqdwl ghl iloh yhqjrqr vslqwl gdo
folhqw QIV yhuvr lo vhuyhu QIV/
txhvw*xowlpr ulfhyh l gdwl h ulvsrqgh
lpphgldwdphqwh1 Wxwwdyld l gdwl qrq
vrqr dqfrud vwdwl vfulwwl qhood
phpruld1 Ilqr d fkh dffdgh/ hvvl
yhqjrqr hqxphudwl frph lqvwdelol1
Fdpsr Vkphp= lqglfd
o*dpprqwduh gl phpruld frqglylvd
xvdwd gdo juxssr+l, gl surfhvvl1
Prowr yhurvlplophqwh vrqr sdjlqh
doorfdwh shu lo V|vwhp Y LSF +Lqwhu
Surfhvv Frpxqlfdwlrq, pd yl vrqr
dowuh srvvlelolwÂ= oh sdjlqh qho
ilohv|vwhp wpsiv/ oh sdjlqh
frqwudvvhjqdwh frph Frs| Rq
Zulwh/ oh sdjlqh shu or JHP
+Judsklfdo H{hfxwlrq Pdqdjhu 0 xq
jhvwruh shu od phpruld ghood JSX,1
Lqgrylqdwh frvd vljqlilfd nhuqho
vwdfnB Vh shqvdwh dg xqd
dssolfd}lrqh/ lo whuplqh vwdfn qrq Ê
vwudqr1 ª gryh yhqjrqr vslqwl l
ydorul ghl sdudphwul h jol lqglul}}l gl
lqglfh a
FRPSUHQGHUH OH VWDWLVWLFKH GHOOD PHPRULD YLUWXDOH
ulwruqr/ wud oh dowuh frvh1 Pd txdqgr
oh dssolfd}lrql hqwudqr qhood
prgdolw nhuqho shu ph}}r ghooh
fkldpdwh gl vlvwhpd/ txhvwr vwdfn
qhoor vsd}lr xwhqwh qrq Ê xwlol}}dwr1
Txl or vwdfn ghood prgdolw nhuqho
vrvwlwxlvfh lo uxror ghoor vwdfn ghoor
vsd}lr xwhqwh1
Lo fdpsr %NhuqhoVwdfn% uliohwwh
vhpsolfhphqwh od txdqwlw gl
phpruld ghglfdwd d txhvwd
hvljhq}d1 SlÛ surfhvvl dyhwh h slÛ
vwdfn gho nhuqho yhqjrqr doorfdwl1
Qrwd= dwwxdophqwh lo nhuqho sxÔ
hvvhuh frqiljxudwr shu xvduh vwdfn
gd 7NlE +prgdolw suhghilqlwd, r
;NlE1 Xwlol}}duh glphqvlrql gl vwdfn
slÛ slffroh frqvhqwh do nhuqho gl
hiihwwxduh fkldpdwh gl vlvwhpd shu
slÛ surfhvvl1
Ulihulphqwl=
Od grfxphqwd}lrqh lqwhuqd gho
ilohv|vwhp 2surf lq
Grfxphqwdwlrq2ivlohv|vwhp2surf1w{w
Vslhjd}lrqh gho exiihu erxqfh
kwws=22zzz1olqx{1ruj2grfv2ogs2krzwr2
LR0Shui0KRZWR2ryhuylhz1kwpo
JHP frqwur WWP
kwws=22ozq1qhw2Duwlfohv25;6:<62
Sdqrudplfd gl Olqx{ QIV/ IDT h
Grfxphqwd}lrqh KRZWR
kwws=22qiv1vrxufhirujh1qhw2
Ulqjud}ldphqwl1
Yruuhl ulqjud}lduh oh vhjxhqwl
shuvrqh shu o*dlxwr h oh orur lghh=
Plwohvk Wkxnudo/ Shwhu ]lomvwud/
Klpdqvkx Fkdxkdq +jud}lh shu
o*dyhupl gluhwwr yhuvr oh pdfur
ghilql}lrql ulfklhvwh, h Euhqr Ohlwdr1
Ulqjud}lr dqfkh od vtxdgud fruuhwwrul
gl er}}h gl IFP shu dyhu phvvr d
sxqwr ruwrjudild h judppdwlfd1
Pxo|dgl Vdqwrvd Ê xq wuhqwxqhqqh
lqgrqhvldqr fkh ylyh d Mdnduwd1
Odyrud frph vfulwwruh iuhhodqfh/
frqihuhq}lhuh h doohqdwruh h lo vxr
eorj Ê= kwws=22wkh0
k|gud1eorjvsrw1frp1 Shu xowhulrul
glvfxvvlrql vx txhvwr duwlfror r dowul
txhvlwl vx Olqx{ fkh srwuhvwh dyhuh/
srwhwh frqwdwwduor doo*lqglul}}r=
pxo|dgl1vdqwrvdCjpdlo1frp
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
53Õ
lqglfh a
OD PLD VWRULD
Vfulwwr gd Jrug Fdpsehoo
Q
ho 533: hud hylghqwh
fkh lr h od pld ixwxud
vsrvd flqhvh
dyuhppr dyxwr
rjqxqr xq sursulr frpsxwhu1
Plr iljolr slÛ slffror vl hud
olehudwr gl xq sdlr gl SF
ghsrvlwdqgrol lq fdqwlqd/ shuflÔ
qh suhvl xqr h yl surydl Xexqwx1
VhpeuÔ ixq}lrqduh ehqh/ frvÎ
vrvwlwxÎ lo slffror kdug glvn frq
xq*xqlw gd 583 JE h frpsudl
xq prghuqr prqlwru OFG1
Fhufdl rqolqh xqd vfkhgd
zluhohvv fkh srwhvvh “vror
ixq}lrqduh” h frpsudl xqd G0
Olqn GZO0J843 +lo urxwhu vl
wuryd vxo odwr rssrvwr ghood
vwdq}d/ pd xq oxqjr fdyr
Hwkhuqhw vduheeh vwdwr/ frph
plqlpr/ vjudghyroh,1 Frq xqd
vshvd plqlpd hur jl surqwr h
rshudwlyr1 Od pld qxryd prjolh
srwË lpsrvwduh frph olqjxd
sulqflsdoh lo flqhvh vhpsolilfdwr
qhood vxd pdffklqd Zlqgrzv [S
+suhfhghqwhphqwh pld,1
ulwludwr1 Oxqjr lo fdpplqr od
pld fduulhud ghylÔ yhuvr txhood
gl hglwruh ghooh slÛ hplqhqwl
ulylvwh shu o*lqgxvwuld
lqirupdwlfd gho Fdqdgd h yhuvr
vhwwh dqql frph edgdqwh d
whpsr slhqr +od pld sulpd
prjolh pruÎ gl vfohurvl
pxowlsod,1 Gxh yrowh kr jhvwlwr
xq judqgh glsduwlphqwr h
hqwudpeh oh yrowh kr ghwhvwdwr
iduor1 Lo plr fxruh edwwh shu od
whfqrorjld1
Vrqr vwdwr gluhwwruh gl xq
judqgh juxssr gl
xwhqwl gl
frpsxwhu h shu
wuh dqql
suhvlghqwh ghood
vxd dqqxdoh
frqihuhq}d
fkh
ulfkldpdyd
slÛ
gl plooh iuhtxhqwdwrul1
Rqhvwdphqwh/ txdqgr surjhwwdl
h frvwuxÎ xqd sruwd vhuldoh
kdugzduh shu lo plr Frpprgruh
SHW/ lpsdudl fkh vh kdl xq
kdugzduh xqlfr ghyl vfulyhuwl
wxwwr lo vriwzduh gd wh1 Prowr
phjolr ulpdqhuh ylflql do
wudgl}lrqdoh1
Wudgl}lrqdoh/ vÎ/ pd dood ilqh
kr wurydwr Zlqgrzv
lqwroohudeloh1 Dssoh Ê wurssr
fdud/ frvÎ Olqx{ hud od
vxffhvvlyd rs}lrqh1 Jxwv|
Jleerq dyhyd
wxwwr flÔ gl
fxl dyhyr
elvrjqr=
dssolfd}lrql
shu xiilflr/
hpdlo/
qdyl
Kr odyrudwr qhoo*lqgxvwuld
lqirupdwlfd gd txdqgr dyhyr
yhqw*dqql h rud pl vrqr vhpl0
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
54Õ
jd}lrqh zhe h prowr dowur1 Pl
sldfh vfdwwduh irwr h JLPS pl
shuphwwh gl ulwrffduoh1 Pl vrqr
suhvr o*lqfdulfr gd uhylvruh
yrorqwdulr shu Ixoo Flufoh
Pdjd}lqh1 Dyhyr xqd zhefdp
hfrqrplfd fkh dyhyr frpsudwr
lq Flqd h Fkhhvh pl shuphwwh gl
xvduod shu uhjlvwuduh ghl ylghr1
Iluhir{/ dqfru slÛ lpsruwdqwh/
kd ixq}lrqdwr sldfhyrophqwh
fro plr eurnhu rqolqh/ \rxwxeh/
Idfherrn h Delolw| Rqolqh
Vxssruw Qhwzrun/ xq vlwr shu
jlrydql frq glvdelolw r
sureohpl gl vdoxwh1
D phw 533</ vl jxdvwÔ
o*dolphqwd}lrqh qho plr yhffklr
frpsxwhu h ghflvl fkh dyhyr
elvrjqr/ frvd frpsohwdphqwh
lqjlxvwlilfdwd/ gl xq vlvwhpd
dowdphqwh shuirupdqwh1 Dyhyr
vsrvwdwr frpsrqhqwl wdqwh
yrowh/ pd txhvwd ix od sulpd
yrowd fkh frvwuxÎ xq frpsxwhu
lql}ldqgr gd xq fdvh yxrwr1 Lq
uhdow lqvwdoodl Olqx{ Plqw :/ xqd
yduldqwh gl Xexqwx1
“Vhpsolhfhphqwh ixq}lrqdyd”1
Jol xqlfl frpsrqhqwl suhvl gdo
suhfhghqwh vlvwhpd ixurqr lo
lqglfh a
OD PLD VWRULD
prqlwru h od vfkhgd zluhohvv1
Txdqgr pld prjolh wruqÔ lq
Flqd shu xq oxqjr yldjjlr/
hvwudvvl o*kdug glvn gdo vxr
frpsxwhu/ or plvl lq xq dowur h
srl lqvwdoodl Nduplf Nrdod/ fkh
ixq}lrqÔ shuihwwdphqwh1
Lqvwdoodl dqfkh xq vhuyhu ODPS
shu whvwduh or vyloxssr gl
txdofkh vlwr zhe vx fxl vwdyr
odyrudqgr1 Wxwwr
“vhpsolfhphqwh ixq}lrqdyd”1
Fro plr vlvwhpd “dowdphqwh
shuirupdqwh” surydl txdofkh
prqwdjjlr ylghr1 Frpsudl xqd
ylghrfdphud srfr frvwrvd h
xvdl Flqhohuud1 Fl vrqr xq vdffr
gl jxlgh rqolqh h lo surjudppd
“ixq}lrqdyd”1 Prowr judghyroh1
Xvdl dqfkh Vn|sh shu
iuhtxhqwl ylghr0frqihuhq}h
phqwuh pld prjolh hud lq Flqd1
Lq lqyhuqr f*Ê xq ixvr rudulr gl
45 ruh wud od Flqd h Wrurqwr/
frvÎ fkldffklhudppr gl vhud gd
ph Š pdwwlqd gd ohl Š h fl
idfhppr fhqql o*xq o*dowud/ fkh
Ê xq prgr prowr fdulqr gl
whqhuvl lq frqwdwwr1
qxryl/ r txdqwrphqr ol
lqglul}}r qhood jlxvwd gluh}lrqh1
Oh vwhvvh grpdqgh ulvsxqwdqr
frqwlqxdphqwh h suryr d hvvhu
wroohudqwh lqyhfh gl gluh
“shufkË qrq fhufkl vx jrrjoh lo
wxr sureohpdB”1 Dghvvr fxur od
frorqqd G)U gl Ixoo Flufoh1 Qrq
srvvr ulvsrqghuh d rjql frvd/
pd vrqr yhudphqwh eudyr d
fhufduh frq Jrrjoh1
Jud}lh do plr Xexqwx urpsr
frq od wudgl}lrqh1 Kr surydwr
Fdlur Grfn h o*kr wurydwr
lqwhuhvvdqwh pd qrq wdqwr xwloh
txdqwr l qrupdol phqÛ1 H|h
fdqg| lq Frpsl} Ê RN/ pd qrq
wdqwr dghjxdwl d ph1 Pl sldfh
vpduwglpphu/ xq surjudppd
fkh rvfxud lo plr prqlwru
doo*lpeuxqluh h or looxplqd
doo*doed1 Kr surydwr glyhuvh
dowuh glvwur/ pd/ shu ph/
Xexqwx ulpdqh oÎ gry*Ê1
Vrqr dwwlyr vxl Iruxp
Xexqwx gryh suryr d
ulvsrqghuh d grpdqgh gdl
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
OD PLD VWRULD
Vfulwwr gd Gdylg Pd|ghz
D glfhpeuh kr frpsudwr xq
Dfhu Dvsluh Rqh ]D6/ doldv
DR:84k/ h ilqr dood ilqh gl Jhqqdlr
kr vriihuwr frq Zlqgrzv Ylvwd
Krph Edvlf suh0lqvwdoodwr1 Hur
ghoo*rslqlrqh gl frpsuduh
Zlqgrzv : ilqr d txdqgr qrq
vrqr dqgdwr suhvvr lo plr Foxe gl
Udglr Dpdwrul orfdoh/ gryh xq wl}lr
dyhyd txdofrvd fkldpdwr Xexqwx
vxo vxr sruwdwloh1 Grsr xq sdlr gl
ruh d fkldffklhuduh h d jlrfduh/
vrqr vwdwr frqylqwr sursulr gd
frph irvvh glyhqwdwr idfloh Olqx{/
wdqwr fkh od pdwwlqd grsr pl vrqr
exwwdwr h pl vrqr fuhdwr gd vror
xqd shqqd XVE dyyldeloh frq
Xexqwx <1431 Ehqh/ grsr
48 plqxwl/ grsr dyhu
sruwdwr d whuplqh oh
grpdqgh gxudqwh
o*lqvwdood}lrqh h dyhu
frpsohwdphqwh vsd}}dwr
yld Zlqgrzv gdo plr kdug
glvn/ kr lqvwdoodwr frq
vxffhvvr lo qxryr VR1
Vdshyr fkh fl vduheehur
vwdwl ghl sureohpl shu
o*DR:84k/ frq od JPD833
h lo vxrqr/ pd fhufdqgr
vxo Zlnl Xexqwx/ kr
wurydwr oh vrox}lrql h111
55Õ
ehqh/ fkh srvvr gluylB Vrqr
dvvroxwdphqwh xq pdqldfr gl
Xexqwx rud$
Gdwr fkh vrqr xq udglr
dpdwruh/ dyhuh wxwwr txho
vriwzduh dgdwwr do plr kree| wud
oh pdql Ê idqwdvwlfr1 Pl vrqr
phvvr vxelwr doo*rshud frq [dvwlu
DSUV h/ grsr dyhu gdwr
xq*rffkldwd dl jlrfkl/ kr ulylvvxwr
od pld vflxsdwd jlryhqwÛ frq
Rrolwh lqvlhph dg dowul jlrfdwrul1
Jud}lh udjd}}l shu xq VR wdqwr
xvdeloh/ h shu dyhu idwwr wruqduh
dqfrud xqd yrowd lo glyhuwlphqwr
qhoo*lqirupdwlfd$$
lqglfh a
OD PLD RSLQLRQH Qrq pl lqwhuhvvd gl JQX r ghoor vodvk
Vfulwwr gd Urelq Fdwolqj
yhur/ dplfr plr1 Lo prqgr
lq jhqhudoh qrq vl suhrffxsd
gl *JQX* r gl *Vodvk*1 R/ shu
od vwudjudqgh pdjjlrudq}d/
qhdqfkh gl Olqx{1
ª
Vldpr lq txhood fkh fkldpldpr
*vwdjlrqh pruwd*= txho shulrgr frq
srfkh qrwl}lh wud l jlruql ihvwlyl/ o*rud
ohjdoh/ oh ydfdq}h lq fdpshjjlr/ h
od pdqfdq}d gl vwrulh yhuh1 Lo
shulrgr lq fxl or vfrrs gho
frqgxwwruh whohylvlyr Ê xqd txdovldvl
qrwl}ld sulyd gl lqwhuhvvh1 Qho prqgr
ghoo*rshq vrxufh jhqhudophqwh vl
dvvlvwh dg xq*hvsorvlrqh gl
srohplfkh shu od *fruuhwwd*
whuplqrorjld1 VÎ/ dplfl plhl/ frph l
sxulvwl qrq vl vwdqfdqr pdl gl glufl/
greeldpr iduh ulihulphqwr do qrvwur
vlvwhpd rshudwlyr suhihulwr frph
%JQX0vodvk0Olqx{%1
Hg hffr shufkË gryuhvwh
ljqruduol=
™ Shu od pdjjlru sduwh ghooh
shuvrqh vxo sldqhwd/ xqr Jqx Ê xq
phpeur sduwlfroduphqwh vfrqwurvr
ghood idpljold ghooh Dofl1 Vodvk Ê lo
udjd}}r frq lo fdsshoor ulglfror h od
shupdqhqwh gd eduerqflqr ghl Jxqv
*q* Urvhv1 Olqx{ Ê xq ulyhvwlphqwr lq
ylqloh shu sdylphqwl lpsruwdwr1
Frph qrph gl xqd sldwwdirupd
vriwzduh qrq kd pdl suhvr slhgh/ h
pdl or iduÂ1 Fhufduh gl lqvhjqduh do
prqgr gl fkldpduor *fruuhwwdphqwh*
JQX0vodvk0Olqx{ Ê frph fhufduh gl
lqvhjqduh dg xq shvfh dg dqgduh
vxo prqrflfor1
*Eoxh0Ud|* r *Krryhu*1
™ JQX Ê xq dfurqlpr ulfruvlyr=
%JQX Qrq Ê Xql{%1 Qrq ulhvfh d
ghilqluh frvd vld JQX h/ shjjlr
dqfrud/ lqwurgxfh xq*dowud sdurod
vwudqlhud= Xql{1 Vror shu xq jhhn jol
dfurqlpl ulfruvlyl vrqr lq txdofkh
prgr dwwudhqwl1 Phqwuh l idqer|
ulgdffkldqr shqvdqgr d txdqwr vld
™ Qhvvxqr do gl ixrul gho vhwwruh LW r lqjhjqrvr o*dfurqlpr JQX/ r
suhglfdqr shu vslhjdufl shufkË jol
gl dofxql dssdvvlrqdwl ghoo*rshq0
lghdol ghl irqgdwrul gl JQX
vrxufh kd txdofkh lghd gl frvd
gryuheehur hvvhuh ulfrqrvflxwl/ lo
srvvd hvvhuh Olqx{1 Dqfkh vh
uhvwr gho prqgr vwd julgdqgr %sduod
fhufdwh gl vslhjduh fkh vl wudwwd gl
lqjohvh/ udjd}}r$%1 Lo uhvwr gho
xq vlvwhpd rshudwlyr/ d qhvvxqr
prqgr yxroh hwlfkhwwh h pdufkl
lpsruwd frvd vld xq vlvwhpd
rshudwlyr1 D phqr fkh qrq greeldwh ulfrqrvflelol/ frpsrvwl gd qrpl
lqvwdooduh xq surjudppd gl Zlqgrzv sursul frph *Grofh ) Jdeedqd*1 P0
)0P*v Ê dsshqd dffhwwdeloh/ shufkË
gd vrol +h plolrql gl shuvrqh qrq or
fl vlhwh fuhvflxwl lqvlhph1
idqqr,/ shqvhuhwh fkh Zlqgrzv Ê lo
frpsxwhu1 Od pdjjlru sduwh ghjol
™ Qhvvxqr/ pd sursulr qhvvxqr/
xwhqwl qrq kdqqr lghd fkh o*lSkrqh
fhufd gl pdqwhqhuh xqd glvwlq}lrqh
kd elvrjqr gl xq vlvwhpd rshudwlyr
wud oh sduwl fkh frpsrqjrqr xq
shu ixq}lrqduh1 Vhpsolfhphqwh
xqlfr pdufklr/ vrsudwwxwwr txdqgr
ixq}lrqd1 Od pdjjlru sduwh ghooh
xqd sduwh Ê hiihwwlydphqwh vwruld
yrowh1 Txdofkh yrowd1 Shuorphqr Ê
dqwlfd/ frph Hqljpd/ od pdffklqd
vhpsuh dood prgd/ hg Ê txhvwr fkh
shu ylroduh l frglfl/ h od fdofrodwulfh
frqwd1 Shu od pdjjlru sduwh ghjol
Fdvlr1 Qho prphqwr lq fxl lqvhulwh od
xwhqwl/ xq whohirqr *Dqgurlg* Ê xq
vodvk glyhqwdwh shgdqwl1 Qhvvxq
pdufklr frq jdudq}ld gl
dowur vl suhrffxsd gho idwwr fkh JQX
frpsdwlelolwÂ/ frph dg hvhpslr lo
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
56Õ
h Olqx{ vrqr/ gl idwwr/ glyhuvl/ r gho
shufkË dyhwh elvrjqr gl xqd vodvk
shu lqglfduh od uhod}lrqh
hqwudpel2r2h2pdjdul2iruvh2qrl1 Or
vodvk vxrqd wurssr ylrohqwr/ h
greeldpr fhqvxuduor sulpd fkh l
qrvwul iljol fuhvfhqgr glyhqwlqr ghl
vhuldo0nloohu1
™ Od jhqwh vphwwh gl dvfrowduh1
™ Od ylwd Ê wurssr euhyh1
Qhvvxqd vfxvd/ gxqtxh/ shu Pu1
Vwdoopdq/ r shu od Iuhh Vriwzduh
Irxqgdwlrq/ r shu o*Rshq Uljkwv
Jurxs/ r shu l ydul dffdghplfl gd
Ehunhoh| d R{irug fkh srvvrqr
ohjlwwlpdphqwh dujrphqwduh frq l
sursul grfxphqwl h olfhq}h h
gldjudppl gl Yhqq1 Qrq kr
lqwhq}lrqh gl vwxglduh od olvwd ghooh
%Sduroh gd hylwduh +r xvduh frq
fdxwhod, shufkË vrqr shvdqwl r
lqwulfdwh%/ shufkË JQX0vodvk0Olqx{ Ê
hvvr vwhvvr shvdqwh h lqwulfdwr1 Od
edwwdjold qrq Ê vror shugxwd/ pd
lqxwloh h luulohydqwh1 Edvwd fkldpduor
Olqx{ hg lqvwdooduor vx wxwwl l
glvsrvlwlyl vx fxl ulxvflwh d phwwhuh
oh pdql1
lqglfh a
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
57Õ
lqglfh a
UHFHQVLRQH
lUrerw dSdg
Vfulwwr gd Nqljkwzlvh
Q
ho fruvr ghjol xowlpl
jlruql/ pl vrqr glyhuwlwr
frq xq wdeohw SF
Dqgurlg/ frpsdudqgror
frq o*dpelhqwh Dssoh
lSkrqh2lSrg2lSdg1 Lq txhvwr duwlfror/
suryhuÔ d gduyl xq*lghd gl txhoor
fkh shqvr gl txhvwl glvsrvlwlyl
wrxfk wdeohw/ fhufdqgr gl hylwduh gl
iduh lo idqdwlfr gl txdofxqr gl hvvl1
ShuflÔ ulqxqfhuÔ do ulwr vdfulilfdoh
ghood pld fduwd Ylvd vxoo*dowduh gl
Vwhyh Mrev h suryhuÔ d qrq
glyhqwduh sursulr rud xq wudvdqgdwr
vpdqhwwrqh gl Dqgurlg1 FhufkhuÔ gl
gduh xq*rffkldwd d wxwwl l glvsrvlwlyl/
h ulvsrqghuh doo*xqlfd grpdqgd fkh
txhoor fkh vdqqr iduh phjolr=
vfrqiljjhuh wxwwr flÔ fkh Ê
srsroduh surgxfhqgror dg xqd
iud}lrqh gho suh}}r1 H vdshwh xqd
frvdB D yrowh ixq}lrqd1 D yrowh
Dpphwwldpror/ jhqwh= o*lSdg gl
hiihwwlydphqwh idqqr xq surgrwwr
Dssoh frvwd flufd txdqwr xq
fkh Ê ghfhqwh/ d exrq phufdwr/ hg
wudsldqwr gl uhqh> ehk/ iruvh qrq
Ê xqd exrqd dssurvvlpd}lrqh gl
sursulr/ pd/ shu frorur fkh qrq
vrqr lqioxhq}dwl gdood uhdow glvwruwd flÔ fkh Ê srsroduh vxo phufdwr1 D
yrowh1 Dowuh yrowh surgxfrqr
gl Vwhyh Mrev/ srwuheeh hvvhuh
dqfrud xq vdffr gl ghqdur1 Pd/ fkh ihvvhulh fkh dvvrpljoldqr d flÔ fkh
Ê srsroduh1 O*lUrerw dSdg Ê xq sr*
frvd elvrjqd iduhB L sulqflsdol
hqwudpeh oh frvh1 Sduwldpr frq lo
frqfruuhqwl frph Plfurvriw h Ghoo
suh}}r1 Kr sdjdwr flufd 533 hxur
vrqr dqfrud lq fruvd shu rwwhqhuh
shu txhvwr slffror jlrfdwwror +flufd
od orur yhuvlrqh ghoo*lSdg gdl orur
… 483,1 Vh vl fhufd lq jlur vx
vyloxssdwrul h phwwhuod lq olqhd gl
surgx}lrqh1 FrvÎ/ jud}lh d Glr shu l Jrrjoh r hEd|/ suredelophqwh vl
flqhvl1 Txhvwl pdhvwul wurydqr d phqr1 FrvÎ shu lo suh}}r
gl xq lSdg vl dftxlvwdqr 5 r dqfkh
gho Nlui +Nhhs Lw Uhdo
6 gl txhvwl1 Od grpdqgd Ê= vh or
Idnh 0 Lo yhur idovr,
phulwdB
qrq kdqqr
vwudydjdqwl FHR fkh
Frqih}lrqdphqwr= l udjd}}l
ulilxwdqr gl lqgrvvduh
fkh kdqqr idwwr od vfdwrod kdqqr
xqd fudydwwd h
hvdplqdwr dwwhqwdphqwh od vfdwrod
sduodqr ghood
ghoo*lSdg h kdqqr idwwr xqd frsld
%pdjld%/ frph vh
qrwhyroh1 Lo orjr Dqgurlg vxo ildqfr
irvvh xq prghoor gl
lqglfd fkh qrq Ê xq surgrwwr Dssoh1
exvlqhvv1
O*lpedoodjjlr Ê ehoor= o*dSdg Ê
Txhvwl
shuvrqdjjl glvwhvr vx xq ulyhvwlphqwr lq
vfklxpd frq vrwwr wxwwl l vxrl
flqhvl
dffhvvrul1 Shu o*lplwd}lrqh gl xq
idqqr vror
Ê lpsruwdqwh txl vx
Nqljkwzlvh1frp= frvd sxÔ iduh shu
qrl txhvwd whfqrorjld1
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
58Õ
glvsrvlwlyr d exrq phufdwr/ Ê xqd
exrqd suhvhqwd}lrqh1
Kdugzduh= o*lUrerw dSdg Ê xq
wdeohw wrxfkvfuhhq gd : sroolfl fkh
dvvrpljold dg xqd yhuvlrqh
vrwwrglphqvlrqdwd ghoo*lSdg1 Kd xq
surfhvvruh Urfnfkls h xqd
phpruld lqwhuqd gd 4 JE1 F*Ê xqr
vorw shu xqd plfur VG vxo irqgr/
lqvlhph d gxh frqqhwwrul plfur
XVE1 Lqvlhph do sxovdqwh srzhu h d
xq frqqhwwruh gl dolphqwd}lrqh
+8Y, fl vrqr dowul 5 sxovdqwl vxo
glvsrvlwlyr/ xqr vrsud shu dffhghuh
dooh ixq}lrql gl phqx/ h xqr gl
iurqwh shu wruqduh dood vfkhupdwd
lql}ldoh1
Lo wrxfk vfuhhq uhvlvwlyr Ê
slxwwrvwr uhdwwlyr h lo vhqvruh gl
prylphqwr frqvhqwh gl
fdsryrojhuh odwhudophqwh
o*lppdjlqh vxo glvsod| d ;33{7;3/
sursulr frph xq lSrg1 Or vfkhupr
yd ehqh/ pd lq qhvvxq prgr
sdudjrqdeloh do +wuh yrowh slÛ
frvwrvr, glvsod| gho lSdg/
frpxqtxh ixq}lrqd slxwwrvwr
judghyrophqwh door vfrsr1 Lo
glvsrvlwlyr ylhqh iruqlwr frq ZlIl
e2j h dowrsduodqwl lqwhjudwl1
lqglfh a
UHFHQVLRQH 0 LURERW DSDG
Txhvw*xowlpd frvd qrq yd ehqh
shufkË uhqgh o*dSdg lqxwloh frph
phgldsod|hu d vË vwdqwh1 ª
qhfhvvdulr froohjduh ghjol
dowrsduodqwl hvwhuql r oh fxiilh shu
dvfrowduh ghood pxvlfd1 Lo frusr Ê
ehq idwwr= Ê frvwuxlwr shu vhpeuduh
xq lSdg +od pld yhuvlrqh Ê duulydwd
frq xqd lplwd}lrqh vfdghqwh gho
orjr gl Dssoh/ dqfkh vh qrq wxwwl fh
o*kdqqr,/ frvd fkh qrq dyuheehur
gryxwr iduh/ lq txdqwr lo glvsrvlwlyr
ulpdqh ydolgr shu vh vwhvvr/ vhq}d
gryhu fhufduh gl lplwduh lo vxr
frqfruuhqwh1
Vriwzduh= o*dSdg Ê iruqlwr frq
Dqgurlg 418 hg xqd frqjuxd
grwd}lrqh gl dssolfd}lrql1 Dqfkh vh
kr fdpeldwr oh lpsrvwd}lrql lq
%Lqjohvh%/ dofxqh ilqhvwuh gl gldorjr
vrqr dqfrud ylvxdol}}dwl lq
jldssrqhvh r flqhvh1 Fl vrqr xq
sr* gl dssolfd}lrql lqvwdoodwh frph
txhood shu Idfherrn/ xq folhqw shu
o*dffrxqw Jpdlo/ xq sod|hu dxglr h
ylghr h dqfkh dofxql jlrfkl1 Od
vfkhupdwd lql}ldoh Ê grwdwd gl xqd
eduud gl ulfhufd gl Jrrjoh fkh
frqvhqwh gl dffhghuh do zhe frq lo
eurzvhu iruqlwr lqvlhph do vlvwhpd
rshudwlyr1 Xqd yrowd fkh vl Ê
frqiljxudwr lo ZlIl/ vl Ê surqwl shu
qdyljduh1 O*dSdg qrq kd fdsdflwÂ
6J/ pd gryuheeh vxssruwduh lo
whwkhulqj frq xqd fkldyh 6J r xq
fhooxoduh1
Suhvwd}lrql= o*dSdg Ê xq
glvsrvlwlyr prowr surphwwhqwh=
edvvr frvwr/ ehq frvwuxlwr/ xqr
vfkhupr gljqlwrvr h xq rwwlpr
vlvwhpd rshudwlyr1 Lo uryhvflr ghood
phgdjold Ê fkh g o*lpsuhvvlrqh gl
hvvhuh xq sr* ildffr1 D yrowh lo
glvsrvlwlyr Ê xq wdqwlqr ohqwr d
ulvsrqghuh1 Vh txhvwr vld gryxwr
dg xq surfhvvruh
vrwwrglphqvlrqdwr +lpsuredeloh/
srlfkË l ylghr ixq}lrqdqr ehqh, r
dg xqd vfhowd kdugzduh vfdghqwh
gho wrxfk0vfuhhq/ qrq Ê fkldur1
Txdqgr vl hvhjxrqr wurssh
dssolfd}lrql vxo glvsrvlwlyr lq xqd
vrod yrowd +vÎ/ txhvwr elper Ê
pxowlwdvnlqj,/ o*dSdg glyhqwd xq sr*
ohqwr/ pd fklxghqgr dofxqh
dssolfd}lrql h ulsxohqgr od
phpruld/ dffhohud1
Ydokdood shu jol vpdqhwwrql1
Folhqw VVK/ LUF/ dssolfd}lrql shu
l srgfdvw/ lqwhjud}lrqh frq Jrrjoh=
wx ol qrplql h o*Dqgurlg Pdunhw fh
o*kd1 Vrqr frvÎ sldfhyrophqwh
vrusuhvr gdoo*dpelhqwh Dqgurlg fkh
suredelophqwh vrwwhuuhuÔ suhvwr lo
plr EodfnEhuu| lq idyruh gl xq
glvsrvlwlyr Dqgurlg1
Qho frpsohvvr= o*dSdg qrq Ê
xq lSdg/ pd frq txhvwr qrq yrjolr
gluh fkh qrq vld dowuhwwdqwr ydolgr1
Fl vrqr sxqwl lq fxl txhvwr slffror
glvsrvlwlyr wdeohw vl sld}}d prowr do
gl vrwwr ghl sdudphwul lpsrvvlelol
vwdelolwl gdo vxr vxshulruh gl
Fxshuwlqr1 Txhvwr Ê shu or slÛ yhur
vh o*dSdg fhufd gl hvvhuh xq lSdg1
Od vxd txdolw frvwuxwwlyd Ê ydolgd/
pd qrq dood sdul ghoo*lSdg1 Od
txdolw ghoor vfkhupr Ê exrqd/ pd
qrq txdqwr txhood ghoo*lSdg1 Vl
wudwwd frpxqtxh gl xq whu}r gho
suh}}r ghoo*lSdg$ Shu txhvwr suh}}r/
vl rwwlhqh xq glvsrvlwlyr xq sr* slÛ
slffror +iruvh slÛ sruwdwlohB, fkh yl
g xq vdffr gl vrgglvid}lrql1 Oh
shuvrqh fkh glfrqr fkh xq exrq
glvsrvlwlyr ghyh hvvhuh frvwrvr
vrqr lq huuruh1 Lo pljolru glvsrvlwlyr
qrq Ê qhfhvvduldphqwh lo wdeohw gd
933 hxur fkh wl shuphwwh gl
qdyljduh vxo Zhe/ pd sxÔ hvvhuh lo
glvsrvlwlyr gd 533 hxur fkh wl
shuphwwh gl iduh +txdvl, od vwhvvd
frvd shu prowr phqr1 Lo ylqflwruh
sxÔ hvvhuh lo glvsrvlwlyr fkh kd lo
pljolru udssruwr txdolwÂ0suh}}r1
Txhvwd frvd uhqgh o*lUrerw dSdg
phulwhyroh gl xq*rffkldwd1
Nqljkwzlvh1frp
OlehuwÂ= o*xqlfd frvd fkh uhqgh
idqwdvwlfr txhvwr wdeohw Ê
o*deerqgdq}d gl dssolfd}lrql
Dqgurlg1 Gdwr fkh lo vlvwhpd
rshudwlyr Dqgurlg Ê prowr slÛ rshq
ulvshwwr d txhoor ghoo*lSkrqh/ vl
wuryhudqqr prowh slÛ dssolfd}lrql
dgdwwh djol vpdqhwwrql1 Fhuwr/ fl vl
srwu lpedwwhuh lq dssolfd}lrql
iduorffkh pd o*Dqgurlg pdunhw Ê lo
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
59Õ
lqglfh a
LQWHUYLVWD DL PRWX
Mrqdwkdq Fduwhu
Wudwwr gd ehklqgprwx1zrugsuhvv1frp
Ehklqg PRWX Ê xq vlwr fkh
sursrqh lqwhuylvwh d shuvrqh
frqrvflxwh frph %Pdvwhu ri wkh
Xqlyhuvh% +PRWX,1 Vrqr xqd
vtxdgud gl yrorqwdul fkh kd or
vfrsr gl jhvwluh l sdffkhwwl
doo*lqwhuqr ghl uhsrvlwru|
Xqlyhuvh h Pxowlyhuvh1
HwÂ= 5:
OrfdolwÂ= FlwwÂ
Gho Fdsr/ Vxg
Diulfd
Qlfn LUF=
kljkyrowdjh
Olqx{ dood txdoh Pdun vwd
odyrudqgr/ vl fkldpd Zduw|%1 Hud
xqd suh0uhohdvh gl Xexqwx 7143/
fkh kr lqvwdoodwr shu od sulpd
yrowd vx xq vhuyhu1 Gd doorud vrqr
glyhqwdwr xq xwhqwh gl Xexqwx1
Txdqgr vhl vwdwr frlqyrowr qho
juxssr PRWX h lq fkh prgrB
Hur d Orqgud qho 5338 shu lo
vxpplw Hgxexqwx gryh kr
lqfrqwudwr Rolyhu Judzhuw/ lo plr
sulpr phqwruh PRWX1 Lq txho
shulrgr lo odyrur lqwhuihulyd fro
Gd txdqwr whpsr xwlol}}l Olqx{ h
plr surjuhvvr gl PRWX1 Sulpd
txdo Ê vwdwd od wxd sulpd
ghoo*duulyr gl Xexqwx/ xqd ghooh
glvwulex}lrqhB
plh dvslud}lrql hud glyhqwduh xq
exrq Gheldq Frqwulexwru/ h
Xvr Olqx{ gdo 4<<<1 Kr lql}ldwr
pdjdul xq jlruqr or glyhuuÔ=
frq Uhg Kdw h vrqr vdowdwr gd xqd
Xqlyhuvh/ shuÔ/ vhpeud gdyyhur
glvwulex}lrqh doo*dowud1 Dood ilqh pl
xq exrq sxqwr gl sduwhq}d1
vrqr ihupdwr vx Gheldq qho 53361
Gd txdqwr whpsr vwdl xwlol}}dqgr
XexqwxB
Fkh frvd wl kd dlxwdwr dg
lpsduduh d sdffkhwwl}}duh h frph
odyrudqr l juxssl gl XexqwxB
Vwdyr odyrudqgr shu od
Vkxwwohzruwk Irxqgdwlrq lq txho
prphqwr h lo plr pdqdjhu kd
odvfldwr fdghuh xq FG vxood pld
vfulydqld h glvvh txdofrvd frph=
%Txhvwd Ê od qxryd glvwulex}lrqh
Lql}ldophqwh glhgl xqr vjxdugr
dood Gheldq Qhz Pdlqwdlqhuv
Jxlgh/ pd pl dffruvl fkh ohjjhuh
lo Gheldq Srolf| Pdqxdo hud prowr
slÛ xwloh1 Kr vhpsuh dyxwr exrqh
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
hvshulhq}h qho ulyrojhuh grpdqgh
qho fdqdoh LUF &xexqwx0prwx1
Dqfkh jol vyloxssdwrul h
sdffkhwwl}}dwrul slÛ hvshuwl vrqr
vhpsuh frugldol h dffrjolhqwl1
Txdo Ê od frvd fkh wl sldfh gl slÛ
qho odyruduh frq l PRWXB
Pl sldfh lpsduduh= lo juxssr ghl
PRWX Ê prowr dshuwr h qrq kdqqr
sureohpl d frqglylghuh
lqirupd}lrql h frqrvfhq}h1 Kr
odyrudwr lq d}lhqgh lq fxl od jhqwh
whph od frqglylvlrqh ghooh sursulh
frqrvfhq}h shufkË txhvwr sxÔ
iduoh dssduluh phqr lpsruwdqwl vh
dowuh shuvrqh kdqqr oh orur vwhvvh
frqrvfhq}h1 L PRWX vrqr
eudylvvlpl qho ulvroyhuh sureohpl h
dg dlxwduh jol dowul d iduh or vwhvvr1
Txdofkh frqvljolr shu frorur fkh
yrjolrqr dlxwduh l PRWXB
Vldwh sd}lhqwl1 Od
sdffkhwwl}}d}lrqh sxÔ hvvhuh d
yrowh gliilfloh/ vld fkh vl wudwwl vror
gl iduh xqd fruuh}lrqh gl exj vld
fkh vl wudwwl gl vyloxssduh xq
vriwzduh gho wxwwr qxryr qhjol
dufklyl1 Lqrowuh/ qrq deeldwh sdxud
5:Õ
gl iduh huurul= dqfkh l
sdffkhwwl}}dwrul hvshuwl vrqr
xpdql h frpphwwrqr huurul1 Qrq
f*Ê vwdwr pdl dofxq PRWX fkh pl
deeld ulpsuryhudwr r fkh vl vld
vsd}lhqwlwr gho idwwr fkh lr qrq
vdshvvl qxood= txlqgl exwwdwhyl
ghqwur h idwh frq fdopd1
Idl sduwh gl txdofkh juxssr orfdoh
Olqx{2XexqwxB
VÎ/ kr idwwr sduwh shu dofxql dqql
gho frplwdwr Olqx{ Xvhuv Jurxs gl
Flww Gho Fdsr h gr xqd pdqr qho
jxlgduh lo juxssr Xexqwx0]D
+deeldpr gxh ohdghu fkh vl
vxgglylgrqr oh uhvsrqvdelolwÂ,1
Vwr shu odvflduol hqwudpel lq
txdqwr lo survvlpr dqqr odyruhuÔ
prowr lq dowul sdhvl1 Lq ixwxur vduÔ
dqfrud frlqyrowr lq hqwudpel h
srwuhl qxrydphqwh dvvxphuh lo
uxror gl jxlgd1
Vx txdoh dvshwwr gl Oxflg wl
frqfhqwuhudlB
Shu Oxflg kr lqwhq}lrqh gl
frqfhqwudupl vx Hgxexqwx h
odyruhuÔ dqfkh lq xsvwuhdp vx
OWVS Foxvwhu1 Fl vrqr prowh frvh
lqglfh a
LQWHUYLVWD DL PRWX
fkh qrq vrqr dwwxdophqwh
sdffkhwwl}}dwh h fkh vduheehur
xwlol lq dpelhqwh Xexqwx
Hgxfdwlrqdo h pl sldfhuheeh
sruwduqh txdqwr slÛ srvvleloh lq
Xexqwx1
frvh vxl vhuyhu1 Kr wdqwh lghh/
frvÎ xq jlruqr/ txdqgr Hgxexqwx
glyhqwhu xq sÔ slÛ qrlrvr/ pl
vsrvwhuÔ gl slÛ yhuvr lo odwr vhuyhu1
Frph wudvfruul lo wxr whpsr
olehurB
Vrqr lqwhuhvvdwr d xq vdffr gl
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
Qlhqwh gl vshwwdfroduh= dvfrowr
pxvlfd/ ydgr lq sdohvwud shu
fhufduh gl fruuhjjhuh jol hiihwwl
gho whpsr fkh sdvvr vhgxwr
gdydqwl d xq frpsxwhu h vwr frq
jol dplfl1 Kr vhpsuh yroxwr
irqgduh xqd edqg/ frvÎ/ txdqgr
kr whpsr/ vxrqr lq jlur frq
5;Õ
Jdudjh Edqg +hkp/ vÎ jlud vx xq
Pdf,1 Vshvvr wudvfruur xq sr* gl
whpsr d jlrfduh frq wxwwl l wlsl gl
jdgjhw= grphqlfd vfruvd kr
sdvvdwr exrqd sduwh ghood
jlruqdwd lqvwdoodqgr txdovldvl wlsr
gl vriwzduh olehur vxood pld Zll
wudplwh Krpheuhz Fkdqqho1
lqglfh a
LQWHUYLVWD DL WUDGXWWRUL
Iruqlwd gd Dpehu Judqhu
Jud}lh d xqd judqgh frpxqlwÂ
gl wudgxwwrul yrorqwdul fkh/
vhq}d vwdqfduvl/ odyrudqr dood
orfdol}}d}lrqh gl rjql sduwh gho
vlvwhpd rshudwlyr dg rjql
ulodvflr/ Xexqwx ylhqh iruqlwr
djol xwhqwl qhood orur olqjxd1 Lq
txhvwd vhulh gl lqwhuylvwh
frqrvfhuhpr orur/ od orur olqjxd
h frph odyrudqr1
Frruglqdwruh gho juxssr lwdoldqr gl wudgx}lrqh
Frph h txdqgr vhl glyhqwdwr xq
wudgxwwruh gl XexqwxB
Kr frplqfldwr d frqwulexluh dooh
wudgx}lrql gl Xexqwx vxelwr grsr
lo ulodvflr gl Zduw|= d txho whpsr
gdyr jl xqd pdqr d wudgxuuh
JQRPH1 Txdqgr kr lql}ldwr d
frqwulexluh/ qrq f*hud xq yhur
juxssr lwdoldqr/ pd vxelwr grsr
ixl frqwdwwdwr gd Pdwwkhz Hdvw h
lql}ldppr d fuhduh h d gduh xqd
vwuxwwxud d xq juxssr frq txhoor
vfrsr1
D txdol dowul surjhwwl ghood
frpxqlw frqwulexlvflB
Sxrl glufl txdofrvd gl wh h ghood
olqjxd lq fxl wx gdl xqd pdqr d
wudgxuuhB
Plor Fdvdjudqgh
Vrqr lpshjqdwr pdjjlruphqwh
qhood frpxqlw lwdoldqd gl
Xexqwx slxwwrvwr fkh lq txhood
lqwhuqd}lrqdoh1 Kr vfulwwr ghood
grfxphqwd}lrqh lq sdvvdwr shu
lo juxssr Grfxphqwd}lrqh1 Rjjl
vrqr slÛ frqfhqwudwr vxooh
wudgx}lrql shu od frpxqlwÂ
lwdoldqd h dqfkh lq dofxql dvshwwl
%jhvwlrqdol% ghood vwhvvd
frpxqlwÂ1
Vrqr xqr vyloxssdwruh Mdyd/
frqylqwr xwhqwh
Xexqwx2JQRPH2Olqx{1 Gr xqd
pdqr qho frruglqduh lo juxssr
lwdoldqr gl wudgx}lrqh gl Xexqwx/
pd dqfkh qho wudgxuuh Xexqwx lq
txhood ehood olqjxd urpdq}d fkh
Idl sduwh gl xq OrFr whdpB Vh vÎ/
Ê o*lwdoldqr1
txdohB
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
VÎ/ gho phudyljolrvr OrFr whdp
lwdoldqr$
txdofrvd lq txhood sdjlqd qrq Ê
fkldud> txlqgl/ shu idyruh/
idwhfhor vdshuh$
Frph sxÔ frplqflduh fkl yrjold
gduh xqd pdqr d wudgxuuh
Xexqwx h wxwwh oh vxh sduwl qhood
yrvwud olqjxdB
Txdo Ê o*hvshulhq}d ghvnwrs shu
jol xwhqwl gl Xexqwx qhood yrvwud
olqjxdB ª srsroduh Xexqwx lq
LwdoldB
Vh txdofxqr yxroh lql}lduh d
gduh xqd pdqr qho wudgxuuh
Xexqwx lq lwdoldqr/ lo sxqwr slÛ
lpsruwdqwh Ê lvfulyhuvl dood
qrvwud pdlolqj olvw1 Wxwwh oh
frpxqlfd}lrql yhqjrqr idwwh oÎ h
od frpxqlfd}lrqh Ê xq dvshwwr
fkldyh gho qrvwur odyrur1 Txhoor
fkh fklhgr Ê gl qrq dqgduh lq
jlur vx Odxqfksdg odvfldqgr xqd
wudgx}lrqh txl h xqd oÂ> vh qrq
fh or frpxqlfdwh/ Ê prowr
gliilfloh shu qrl vdshuh vhpsuh
frvd dffdgh1 Deeldpr xqd
sdjlqd zlnl kwws=22zlnl1xexqwx0
lw1ruj2JuxssrWudgx}lrqh fkh
hohqfd wxwwl l ydul sdvvl
suholplqdul +fuhduh xq dffrxqw
vx Odxqfksdg/ xqd sdjlqd zlnl/
111,/ oh olqhh jxlgd fkh rjqxqr
ghyh vhjxluh/ l qrvwul frqwdwwl h
frph ixq}lrqd lo odyrur1 Glfr
vhpsuh gl idufl vdshuh vh
Shqvr fkh o*hvshulhq}d ghvnwrs
lwdoldqd gl Xexqwx vld idqwdvwlfd/
yhudphqwh1 Vh xq vriwzduh
ulfdgh vrwwr lo qrvwur gluhwwr
frqwuroor h yhuu ulodvfldwr
xiilfldophqwh lq Xexqwx/ qrl
idffldpr vÎ fkh txho vriwzduh
vld frqiruph dl qrvwul vwdqgdug
vxooh wudgx}lrql1 Vh qrq f*Ê xqd
wudgx}lrqh/ qh iruqldpr xqd
rssxuh uhylvlrqldpr txhood
hvlvwhqwh1 Ulwhqjr fkh od
wudgx}lrqh lwdoldqd gl Xexqwx vld
srsroduh wud jol lwdoldql/ dqfkh
vh dofxql plhl froohjkl xvdqr
Xexqwx lq lqjohvh1 Pd od
pdjjlru sduwh ghjol xwhqwl
lwdoldql fkh frqrvfr xvdqr
Xexqwx lq lwdoldqr1
5<Õ
Lq txdol dvshwwl lo wxr juxssr kd
elvrjqr gl dlxwrB
lqglfh a
LQWHUYLVWD DL WUDGXWWRUL
Lq xsvwuhdp$ Deeldpr elvrjqr
gl xqd pdqr lq xsvwuhdp +lq
prgr gd sdvvduh l zhhnhqg lq
vsldjjld,$ Shqvr fkh dghvvr lo
juxssr vwld odyrudqgr do phjolr1
Fl vrqr slffroh sduwl gho vlvwhpd
fkh qrq vrqr frpsohwdphqwh
wudgrwwh/ pd gl vrolwr vl wudwwd gl
sduwl qrq sursulr ylvlelol shu
o*xwhqwh1 Fl sldfhuheeh
yhudphqwh fkh oh shuvrqh
yhqjdqr frlqyrowh qhl ydul
juxssl gl wudgx}lrqh xsvwuhdp
+JQRPH/ lo Wudqvodwlrq Surmhfw/
NGH, h gduh xqd pdqr oÎ/ gl
prgr fkh od vwhvvd wudgx}lrqh
frqioxlvfd lq Xexqwx vhq}d
dofxq lqwhuyhqwr gd sduwh
qrvwud1 Vh txdofxqr ghvlghud idu
sduwh gho juxssr ghl wudgxwwrul
lwdoldql gl Xexqwx gdqgr xqd
pdqr qhooh wudgx}lrql xsvwuhdp/
qrl srvvldpr jhvwluh dqfkh
txhvw*dvshwwr= or deeldpr idwwr
h or idffldpr dqfrud1
Vhl do fruuhqwh gl txdofkh
surjhwwr r gl rujdql}}d}lrql
gryh Xexqwx Ê xvdwr qhood wxd
olqjxdB
Sxuwurssr qr1 Vr fkh dofxqh
xqlyhuvlw lwdoldqh xvdqr Xexqwx
qhl orur oderudwrul/ pd qrq vr vh
lq lqjohvh r lq lwdoldqr1 Vduheeh
xqd lqirupd}lrqh lpsruwdqwh gd
frqrvfhuh/ dqfkh shu fdsluh
gryh frqfhqwuduh l qrvwul viru}l
h shu dyhuh xq frqwdwwr gluhwwr
frq txdofxqr fkh yhudphqwh
lpslhjd Xexqwx qhood qrvwud
olqjxd1
Txdoh ulwlhql vld od sduwh slÛ
vrgglvidfhqwh qho wudgxuuh
XexqwxB
Vhfrqgr ph Ê rvvhuyduh lo
ulvxowdwr gho qrvwur odyrur/
txdqgr ylhqh xvdwr gd dowuh
shuvrqh1
F*Ê txdofrv*dowur vxo wxr juxssr
r vxo odyrur gl wudgx}lrqh fkh
qrq kr fklhvwr h gl fxl wl
sldfhuheeh sduoduhB
Qlhqw*dowur lq txhvwr prphqwr1
Frph glyhqwduh xq wudgxwwruh gl Xexqwx
Frqrvfl oh olqjxhB Xqlvflwl dood qrvwud frpxqlw gl wudgx}lrqh h uhqgl Xexqwx dffhvvleloh d wxwwl
qhood orur olqjxd1 Sxrl=
frqwdwwduh xq juxssr gl wudgx}lrqh +kwwsv=22wudqvodwlrqv1odxqfksdg1qhw2.jurxsv2xexqwx0
wudqvodwruv, r fuhdqh xqr wx
+kwwsv=22zlnl1xexqwx1frp2Wudqvodwlrqv2NqrzohgjhEdvh2VwduwlqjWhdp,
Dlxwd d wudgxuuh txhvwd olqjxd= kwwsv=22wudqvodwlrqv1odxqfksdg1qhw2xexqwx
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
63Õ
lqglfh a
Euhw Iohwwhumrkq
LQWHUYLVWD DL OrFr
Iruqlwd gd Dpehu Judqhu
Xq OrFr Whdp Ê xqd FrpxqlwÂ
Orfdoh gl xwhqwl Xexqwx1 Xq OrFr
sxÔ hvvhuh lpshjqdwr qhood
surpr}lrqh d olyhoor orfdoh/ qho
vxssruwr qho olqjxdjjlr orfdoh/ qho
vxssruwr lq jhqhudoh djol xwhqwl gho
oxrjr h prowr dowur1 Od frvd slÛ
lpsruwdqwh wxwwdyld Ê fkh shuphwwh
dood jhqwh gl wuryduh dowul xwhqwl gl
Xexqwx ylflql h gl vshulphqwduh lq
sulpd shuvrqd od Frpxqlw Xexqwx1
Xexqwx Shqqv|oydqld OrFr Whdp
WhdpB
Shqqv|oydqld Orfr Whdp= Vrqr lo
irqgdwruh h lo frqwdwwr gho juxssr1
XV0Whdpv= Txdqgr Ê sduwlwd
o*lql}ldwlyd ghoo*Xexqwx XV0
Shqqv|oydqld Orfr WhdpB Txdqwr
whpsr fl Ê yroxwr shu hvvhuh
dssurydwl gdo prphqwr lq fxl
dyhwh frplqfldwrB
SD OrFr Whdp= Deeldpr lql}ldwr
qho Pdu}r gho 533: h deeldpr
rwwhqxwr lo yld qho Jlxjqr 533:1
XV0Whdpv= Txdol vrqr jol vwuxphqwl
fkh xwlol}}dwh shu od yrvwud
vtxdgudB Pdlolqj Olvw/ iruxp/ LUF/
vlwl zhe/ vlwl gl plfur0eorjjlqj/
hwf1
Lq txhvwd lqwhuylvwd Euhw fl sduod
ghjol vwuxphqwl fkh lo whdp
xwlol}}d/ ghjol hyhqwl fkh
iuhtxhqwdqr h gl frph
frqwulexlvfrqr dg hvvl/ h gho
vxjjhulphqwr fkh SD OrFr Whdp
gduheeh dg dowuh vtxdguh/ dl
phpeul ghood frpxqlw h prowr
dowur dqfrud$
SD OrFr Whdp= Pdlolqj Olvw/ Iruxp/
LUF/ vlwr zhe/ qrqfkË Wzlwwhu h
Lqghqwl1fd
XV0Whdpv= Gxudqwh od idvh gl
dssuryd}lrqh gho OrFr/ txdol vrqr
vwdwh oh vilgh fkh od vtxdgud kd
lqfrqwudwr h frph kd idwwr d
vxshuduohB
SD OrFr Whdp= Od suhvd gl
frvflhq}d1 Lq txho prphqwr prowh
shuvrqh qrq dyhydqr lghd gl frvd
irvvh xq OrFr1
XV0Whdpv= Txdol vrqr rud oh slÛ
judqgl vilgh fkh od wxd vtxdgud
ghyh diiurqwduh/ h gl txdol
vwudwhjlh vl dyydoh shu vxshuduohB
SD OrFr Whdp= D Ilodghoild
dyhydpr prowl gluljhqwl1 Od
pdjjlru sduwh ghoo*dwwlylw yhqlyd
vyrowd oÎ1 Rud deeldpr shuvr xq
phpeur fkldyh/ frvÎ vwldpr
dwwudyhuvdqgr xq prphqwr gl
udoohqwdphqwr1 Pl dxjxur fkh
srvvldpr vyloxssduh slÛ
pdqlihvwd}lrql lq wxwwr or Vwdwr/
pd qrq vldpr slÛ lo juxssr
“qxryr” frq od vwhvvd hxiruld fkh
kd xq juxssr jlrydqh1 Yruuhl2dyuhl
elvrjqr gl ulxvfluh d uhqghuh lo
juxssr qxrydphqwh hqwxvldvwd h
surqwr dg dqgduh dydqwl1 Vwr
shqvdqgr dg xq Xexqwx
Shqqv|oydqld Eduehfxh +SD EET,
gd|/ frq juxssl lq wxwwr or Vwdwr
fkh rujdql}}dqr juljoldwh qhoor
vwhvvr jlruqr/ shu udiiru}duh od
frhvlrqh d olyhoor uhjlrqdoh1
XV0Whdp= Fl sxrl gluh txdofrvd
uljxdugr wh h lo wxr uxror qho OrFr
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
64Õ
XV0Whdpv= D txdol wlsl gl dwwlylwÂ
sduwhflsd lo OrFr WhdpB Fl vrqr
hyhqwl fkh vsrqvrul}}dB
SD OrFr Whdp= Dl Vriwzduh
Iuhhgrp Gd|v1 Deeldpr odyrudwr
frq xq sdlr gl Froohjh +Ploohuvylooh/
Kduulvexuj Duhd Frppxqlw|
Froohjh h Shqq Vwdwh, frq ghjol
hyhqwl h iruqlwr rulhqwdphqwr shu
xowhulrul fruvl h surjudppl shu
Xexqwx1 Deeldpr dqfkh odyrudwr
frq xq sdlr gl rujdql}}d}lrql qr0
surilw +frph od Er|v dqg Jluov
foxev ri Dphulfd, lqvwdoodqgr
Xexqwx vx pdffklqh uhjdodwh/ vld
shu oh orur vwuxwwxuh fkh gd grqduh
dooh idpljolh elvrjqrvh1
XV0Whdpv= Txdol vrqr dofxql ghl
surjhwwl lq fxl lo wxr OrFr Whdp kd
odyrudwrB Txdol l survvlpl surjhwwl
fkh od Frpxqlw gl Xexqwx sxÔ
dvshwwduvl gdo OrFr Whdp gxudqwh
lo survvlpr flforB
SD OrFr Whdp= Vwldpr odyrudqgr
dood sduwhflsd}lrqh dood Fhqwudo SD
Rshq Vrxufh Frqihuhqfh dqfkh
txhvw*dqqr1 Txhvwr lq Rwwreuh1 Lq
txhvwr prphqwr/ greeldpr
suhphuh gl qxryr vxoo*dffhohudwruh
lqglfh a
LQWHUYLVWD DL ORFR WHDP
shu o*dxwxqqr1 Pl sldfhuheeh
yhghuh dophqr wuh r txdwwur
hyhqwl Vriwzduh Iuhhgrp Gd| lq
wxwwr or Vwdwr1 Vwldpr odyrudqgr
dqfkh frq o*KDFF +Kduulvexuj Duhd
Frppxqlw| Froohjh, frq xq
lpplqhqwh fruvr qhood sulpdyhud
gho 5344 vxoor vyloxssr ghoo*Rshq
Vrxufh/ shu riiuluh ulvruvh/
glyhqwduh od sldwwdirupd suhihulwd
+dwwxdophqwh Ihgrud h FhqwRV
vrqr xwlol}}dwl lq dowuh fodvvl, h
iruvh idu frpsuhqghuh lo Sdfndjlqj
gl Xexqwx h frph od frpxqlw Ê
vwuxwwxudwd1
SD OrFr Whdp= Rqhvwdphqwh/
shqvr fkh oh prowh shuvrqh fkh
fuhgrqr lq Xexqwx h lq flÔ fkh
udssuhvhqwd/ yrjoldqr vshqghuh
sduroh h frqglylghuh lo vhqwlphqwr
ghood frpxqlw frq lo pdjjlru
qxphur gl shuvrqh srvvleloh1
SD OrFr Whdp= Gl viuxwwduh
o*lql}ldoh hqwxvldvpr h suhqghu
sduwh dg xq vdffr gl hyhqwl lq
fruvr1 Lo yrvwur hqwxvldvpr Ê
frqwdjlrvr1 Qrq wdjoldwh ixrul od
jhqwh/ deeudffldwh wxwwl h suhvwdwh
dvfrowr d wxwwh oh lghh1 Odyrudwh
frq oh vfxroh h oh rujdql}}d}lrql
XV0Whdpv= Txdo Ê vwdwr lo
qr0surilw1 L OXJ vrqr l yrvwul dplfl1
prphqwr slÛ judwlilfdqwh hg
Djjlxqjhwh iljxuh ulgrqgdqwl
hfflwdqwh shu lo Orfr Whdp dg rjjl/ qhoo*dpplqlvwud}lrqh ghood yrvwud
h shufkËB
vtxdgud +qrl deeldpr dophqr 6
dpplqlvwudwrul shu rjql duhd/ gdood
SD OrFr Whdp= Yhghuh h
pdlolqj olvw/ d odxqfksdg/ do vlwr
frqglylghuh o*hqwxvldvpr gho
zhe/ d LUF/ h do iruxp,1
whdp1 Shqvr fkh vl vslhjkl gd vË1
XV0Whdpv= Txdol vrqr dofxql ghl
XV0Whdpv= Txdol frqvljol/ wuxffkl/
RN/ hffr xq dowur prphqwr
phwrgl frq fxl lo OrFr uhfoxwd
vwuxphqwl/ ulihulphqwl/ hff
judwlilfdqwh= dood Fhqwudo Shqq
dwwlydphqwh qxryl phpeulB Txdol
vxjjhuluhvwl doo*dpplqlvwud}lrqh gl
Rshq Frqihuhqfh o*dqqr vfruvr/
ulvruvh dyhwh fuhdwr r xvdwr +shu
xq OrFr WhdpB
dyhydpr xqr vwdqg/ h txdqgr oh
hvhpslr pdqlihvwl/ yrodqwlql/
shuvrqh sdvvdydqr sduodydpr
eljolhwwl gd ylvlwd/ vwulvflrql/ hwf,B
SD OrFr Whdp= Pdqwhqhuh vdogd od
frq orur fklhghqgrjol vh
vtxdgud1 Fuhgr fkh vld frph xq
SD OrFr Whdp= Deeldpr dyxwr xqr frqrvfhydqr Xexqwx/ h xqd odujd
jlrfr gl suhvwljlr1 Vl ghyh iduh lq
pdjjlrudq}d gl txhool fkh vl
vwulvflrqh vwdpsdwr h xwlol}}dwr
prgr gl lqjoreduh txdqwh slÛ
lqwudwwhqhydqr xvdydqr Xexqwx1
srvwhu/ yrodqwlql h eljolhwwl gd
shuvrqh srvvleloh qho whdp1 Qrl
Prowl lq d}lhqgd1 Pl vrqr vwxslwr gl fhufkldpr gl gduh od srvvlelolw d
ylvlwd shu sxeeolfl}}duh lo whdp1
txdqwl or xvdydqr qhooh duhh gl
Qrqrvwdqwh txhvwr/ od pdjjlru
fklxqtxh gl iduh flÔ fkh ghvlghud/
odyrur fulwlfkh ghooh orur dwwlylwÂ1
sduwh ghooh qrvwuh dghvlrql vrqr
qrq shuphwwhqgr dg xqd id}lrqh
shuyhqxwh fro sdvvdsdurod1
gl hvwudqlduqh xq*dowud1
XV0Whdpv= Txdol vxjjhulphqwl
Qrqrvwdqwh txhvwl dssurffl
sursrql dl OrFr whdp gl qxryd
glyhuvl/ vl dyu dqfrud elvrjqr gl
XV0Whdpv= Txdoh shqvl fkh vld
o*dvshwwr pljolruh gho idu sduwh gho irupd}lrqh r dl juxssl gl odyrur lq irfdol}}duh o*relhwwlyr lq ylvwd ghood
dwwhvd gl dssuryd}lrqh lq txhvwr
Orfr WhdpB
phwd ilqdoh/ rvvld surpxryhuh
prphqwrB
Xexqwx lq pdqlhud frqvlvwhqwh1
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
65Õ
XV0Whdpv= Txdqgr vl shqvd dood
frpxqlw gl Xexqwx h door vslulwr
gl Xexqwx/ lq fkh prgr lo OrFr
lqfduqd h frqglylgh txhvwr
vslulwrB
SD OrFr Whdp= Shqvr fkh vld lo
fdphudwlvpr/ lo vhqvr gl
dssduwhqhq}d/ lo ghvlghulr gl
dlxwduh ulvsrqghqgr dooh grpdqgh
ghood jhqwh h ulvroyhqgrqh l
sureohpl/ qrqfkË o*dxwhqwlfr
vhqwlphqwr gl frqglylghuh Xexqwx1
XV0Whdpv= F*Ê txdofrv*dowur vxo
OrFr Whdp/ r vxjjhulphqwl shu xq
hiilfdfh OrFr Whdp gl vxffhvvr/
fkh yruuhvwl frqglylghuhB
SD OrFr Whdp= Shuphwwhuh
o*lqjuhvvr gl qxryd olqid ylwdoh qho
Whdp1 Hvfrjlwduh xq prgr shu
udjjlxqjhuh }rqh fduhqwl gho
sursulr Sdhvh +shu jol Vwdwl slÛ
judqgl Ê txhvwd od slÛ judqgh
vilgd$,1 Dvfrowduh l sursul
frpsdjql gl vtxdgud1
Shu vdshuqh gl slÛ vx Xexqwx
Orfr Whdp ylvlwdwh lo vlwr=
kwwsv=22zlnl1xexqwx1frp2OrFrWhdp
v
lqglfh a
Vldpr olhwl gl sxeeolfduh rjql phvh dofxqh ghooh pdlo fkh ulfhyldpr1 Vh yrohwh sursruuh xqd ohwwhud
shu txhvwr vsd}lr/ gl fulwlfkh r frpsolphqwl/ srwhwh lqylduod d= ohwwhuvCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj1
DWWHQ]LRQH= dofxqh ohwwhuh srwudqqr hvvhuh wdjoldwh shu udjlrql gl vsd}lr1
OHWWHUH
Vwuhdplqj yhuvr SV6B
shqvr fkh txhvwl slffrol dwwdffkl
pxowl0sldwwdirupd exwwlqr xq sr*
r ohwwr xq duwlfror fkh jlÛ lo exrq qrph gl Xexqwx1
Vrqr vlfxur fkh djol xwhqwl Olqx{
vslhjdyd frph
qrq sldfh txdqgr od jhqwh ol
wudvihuluh iloh
lqglylgxd frph %wurssr lq
pxowlphgldol lq
vwuhdplqj gd Xexqwx d xqd [er{ eroohwwd shu xvduh xq glyhuvr
vlvwhpd rshudwlyr%1 Shqvr fkh
693/ h pl fklhghyr vh txhvwd
Ixoo Flufoh Pdjd}lqh ixq}lrqhuÂ
srvvlelolw hvlvwh dqfkh shu od
phjolr txdqgr vdu slÛ srvlwlyd
Sod|vwdwlrq 6 h vh yhguhpr r
h fhufkhu gl frvwuxluh oh frvh/
phqr xq duwlfror dqdorjr vxo
slxwwrvwr fkh glvwuxjjhuoh1 H/ shu
whpd1 Jud}lh shu od idqwdvwlfd
od furqdfd/ lr qrq srvvlhgr xq
ulylvwd1
lSdg h fdpeldl lo Pdf dqql id1
K
Dqwkrq| Sduu
Hg1 F*Ê txdofxqr o ixrul qho
prqgr gl IFP fkh vl suhqgd od
euljd gl vfulyhuh xqd jxlgd
ghwwdjoldwd vx frph frqglylghuh
iloh pxowlphgldol lq vwuhplqj gd
Xexqwx d SV6B Idwhpl vdshuh1
P|Sdg
L
r dgrur Ixoo Flufoh Pdjd}lqh
h vrqr xq ohwwruh gl oxqjd
gdwd/ pd lq ixwxur
srwuhppr iduh d phqr ghl
fduwrql fkh djjuhglvfrqr od
DssohB Qrq vrqr glyhuwhqwl1 Gluh
%P|Sdg% qrq lqjdqqd qhvvxqr/ h
Dpr dqfrud od yrvwud ulylvwd1
Jud}lh shu lo yrvwur whpsr h shu
od frqvlghud}lrqh1
Gdq Vzhqvhq
Hg1 Vror xqd yrowd lq xqd oxqd
eox deeldpr vwdpsdwr od sdurod
%P|Sdg% pd/ fuhghwhpl/ od
txdqwlw gl yrowh fkh l uhylvrul
ghyrqr ulpxryhuh l whuplql
Zlqgr}h/ Zlqeorzv/ Zlqgrz'/
P' h vlplol Ê ihqrphqdoh$ Oh
riihvh +gdjol xwhqwl Olqx{ srvvr
djjlxqjhuh, vrqr prowr shjjlr
gl txhoor fkh vl sxÔ shqvduh/ qrl
qrwldpr h ulpxryldpr lo <<( gl
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
txhvwh/ pd vh o*4( vflyrod qhood
uhwh/ fuhgr fkh vwldpr idfhqgr
xq exrq odyrur1
L vrqgdjjl glfrqr
K
r vfrshuwr od yrvwud
ulylvwd wudplwh xq
djjlxqwd lq Xexqwx
Xvhu/ qh kr vfdulfdwr
glyhuvl qxphul h kr shqvdwr
vxelwr fkh irvvh judqgh/ frvÎ qh
kr vfdulfdwl gl slÛ hg kr
vfrshuwr fkh whpsr id dyhwh
frqgrwwr xq vrqgdjjlr frq
ulvxowdwl lqwhuhvvdqwl1
Grsr fkh dyhwh hvsrvwr l
ulvxowdwl d jhqwh frph ph
vwdpsdqgrol/ srwuhvwh frqgxuuh
xq qxryr vrqgdjjlr shu yhghuh
vh h frph l ulvxowdwl vldqr
fdpeldwlB
Vr fkh od yrvwud ulylvwd vl
ulyrojh dg Xexqwx/ pd pl
sldfhuheeh prowr o*lghd gl xqd
frshuwxud wlsr %Pljolruh Glvwur%
rjql wuh phvl r jlÛ gl ol1
66Õ
Jdu| Jrugrq
Hg1 Vduhl lqwhuhvvdwr dqfkh lr
d frpsduduh ghl qxryl ulvxowdwl
frq txhool gl txdofkh phvh id1
Ohwwrul/ frvd qh shqvdwhB ª
whpsr gl xq qxryr vrqgdjjlrB
Yrohwh sduwhflsduh do vrqgdjjlrB
Idwhfl vdshuh1
D fldvfxqr lo vxr
phvwlhuh
K
r ohwwr o*duwlfror
vxoo*lSdg gl Urelq
Fdwolqj frq prowr
lqwhuhvvh1 Qrq kr pdl
srwxwr frpsuduh xq surgrwwr gd
xq iruqlwruh fkh vryudssuh}}d h
eorffd l sursul folhqwl frph id
Dssoh1
Kr dftxlvwdwr xq Nlqgoh h shu
ohjjhuh grfxphqwl or suhihulvfr
lq rjql fdvr doo*lSdg1 Lqglfr vror
gxh frvh fkh od Dssoh qrq sxÔ
iduh1 Srwuhl ohjjhuh l plhl oleul
vxo Nlqgoh dqfkh vrwwr lo slÛ
oxplqrvr vroh diulfdqr/ vhq}d
dyhuh qhvvxq sureohpd gl
ohwwxud1 H ohjjr rjql jlruqr
vhq}d gryhu ulfdulfduh od
lqglfh a
OHWWHUH
edwwhuld shu dophqr gxh
vhwwlpdqh1
Vwhyh Mrev qrq kd pdl vhqwlwr
sduoduh gho ghwwr %D fldvfxqr lo
vxr phvwlhuh%1
Xq plr dplfr kd xq lSdg hg Ê
ulpdvwr deedvwdq}d vfrqfhuwdwr
txdqgr jol kr prvwudwr lo plr
yhffklr sruwdwloh Ixmlwvx Vlhohqv
Oliherrn Wdeohw/ slÛ r phqr ghooh
vwhvvh glphqvlrql pd xq sr* slÛ
vshvvr1 Kd dqfkh xq wrxfk0
vfuhhq/ h vh or do}l h or jlul kd
sxuh xqd wdvwlhud frpsohwd1
Qrq shqvr gl yrohu frpsuduh
pdl xq lSdg/ qhpphqr vh irvvh
Rshq0Vrxufh1 Frpxqtxh qrq fro
suh}}r fkh Dssoh fklhgh shu
o*kdugzduh1
Dqguhz Dpshuv Wd|oru
Olvwd ghl sdffkhwwl
L
q djjlxqwd do phwrgr gsnj=
dsulwh lo Jhvwruh gl Sdffkhwwl
V|qdswlf h dqgdwh vx Iloh A
Vdoyd vhoh}lrql frph1
Vfhjolhwh xq qrph hg xq
shufruvr gryh qrq yhuudqqr
ulvfulwwl gxudqwh
o*djjlruqdphqwr/ dg hvhpslr
xqd fkldyhwwd XVE vh qrq dyhwh
d glvsrvl}lrqh xqd fduwhood
2krph vhsdudwd1 Dvvlfxudwhyl gl
vsxqwduh o*rs}lrqh %Vdoyduh or
vwdwr frpsohwr/ qrq vror oh
prglilfkh% sulpd gl vdoyduh1
Grsr o*djjlruqdphqwr/
lqvhulwh wxwwl l yrvwul vrujhqwl dsw
h dsulwh V|qdswlf/ folffdwh vx Iloh
A Ohjjl vhoh}lrql h vhoh}lrqdwh lo
iloh vdoydwr lq suhfhghq}d1
Folffdwh vx *Dssolfd* h V|qdswlf
vfdulfkhu hg lqvwdoohu wxwwl l
sdffkhwwl lqvwdoodwl lq
suhfhghq}d1
Nzdfnd
Qxryd survshwwlyd gl ylwd
dwwudyhuvr dofxql yrvwul duwlfrol
kr shqvdwr gl xwlol}}duh od
pdffklqd frph xq zhe vhuyhu1
Ryyldphqwh qrq shu wudiilfl
hohydwl/ frpxqtxh xq zhe
vhuyhu1
O*HHH SF +r txdovldvl dowur
qhwerrn, d sulpd ylvwd qrq Ê
xqd vfhowd ryyld shu xq vhuyhu1
Wxwwdyld/ ylvwr lo vxr edvvr
frqvxpr hqhujhwlfr/ lo srfr
uxpruh h oh plqxvfroh
glphqvlrql ilvlfkh or uhqgrqr
lghdoh shu fklxqtxh yrohvvh
dyylduh xq slffror vhuyhu
grphvwlfr vld shu xvr shuvrqdoh
vld vshulphqwdoh1
Yruuhl vror ulqjud}lduyl h
orgduh lo yrvwur odyrur/ lq txdqwr
vhq}d l yrvwul duwlfrol qrq dyuhl
dyxwr qË o*lghd qË od frqrvfhq}d
shu wudvirupduh lo plr HHH SF lq
xq zhe vhuyhu1 Or dyhwh dqfkh
vdoydwr gdo fhvwlqr ghood
vsd}}dwxud r gdo ulwuryduvl lq
xqd qxryd fdvd wudplwh Hed|1
Vwhyhq Eduuhww
O*dgr}lrqh qhjol dxwrvfrqwul gho vlvwhpd dqwl0froolvlrqh
frpsohwdphqwh dxwrpdwl}}dwr kd ulgrwwr lo qxphur
ghjol lqflghqwl sudwlfdphqwh d }hur111
V
rqr vwdwr
sduwlfroduphqwh
lqwhuhvvdwr gd xqd
yrvwud vhulh gl duwlfrol
uhodwlyl dood fuhd}lrqh gl xq
vlvwhpd vhuyhu frq Xexqwx
Vhuyhu1 Uhfhqwhphqwh vrqr
jlxqwr dood frqfoxvlrqh fkh lo
plr Dvxv HHH SF 5J Vxui fkh
srvvlhgr gd 5 dqql vld glyhqwdwr
sudwlfdphqwh lqxwloh h txlqgl
qrq or xvdyr gd xq eho sr*1 Srl
kr jxdugdwr lqglhwur hg
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
WHPSL PRGHUQL
67Õ
lqglfh a
GRQQH XEXQWX
Vfulwwr gd Shqhorsh Vwrzh
Shqhorsh Vwrzh= Glffl
txdofrvd gl wh1
Lvdehoo Orqj= Pl fkldpr Lvdeho
Orqj/ kr 49 dqql/ h dwwxdophqwh
ylyr lq Lqjklowhuud grsr dyhu
wudvfruvr txdwwur dqql lq Iudqfld1
Vrqr prowr lqwhuhvvdwd dood
whfqrorjld h do vriwzduh rshq
vrxufh1 Vrqr xqd frruglqdwulfh
ghood frpxqlw vxo qhwzrun LUF gl
Iuhhqrgh h/ wud oh dowuh frvh/ xq
ilhur phpeur xiilfldoh ghood
frpxqlw Xexqwx1
SV= Frph vhl ulpdvwd frlqyrowd
qho surjhwwr XexqwxB
LO= Fuhgr vld dyyhqxwr flufd
gxh dqql id txdqgr kr idwwr od
frqrvfhq}d gl dplfl fkh xvdydqr
Xexqwx1 Doorud kr frplqfldwr dg
xvduor shu flufd xq dqqr dqfkh vh
lq pdqlhud qrq frqwlqxdwlyd/
ilqfkË kr dyxwr lo plr frpsxwhu h
o*kr olehudwr frpsohwdphqwh gd
Zlqgrzv1 Rud kr Xexqwx vx
hqwudpel l plhl frpsxwhu h gl
Zlqgrzv qhdqfkh o*rpeud$ Lq
phulwr dood pld sduwhflsd}lrqh
qhood frpxqlw Xexqwx/
frpxqtxh/ vrqr glyhqwdwd xq
phpeur xiilfldoh ghood frpxqlw d
pdu}r gl txhvw*dqqr1 Od frvd pl
kd uhvr iholflvvlpd$
SV= Frvd idl shu XexqwxB
LO= Do prphqwr dlxwr Shqhorsh
frq oh lqwhuylvwh shu Ixoo Flufoh
Pdjd}lqh +jlÂ/ Ê vwudqr hvvhuh
%gdoo*dowud sduwh% lq txhvwd
rffdvlrqh$,> pl rffxsr gl
wudgx}lrql vx Odxqfksdg lq
lqjohvh eulwdqqlfr h iudqfhvh>
dlxwr oh shuvrqh qhood vh}lrqh
Dqvzhuv gl Odxqfksdg1 Vrqr
frlqyrowd lq Xexqwx XN h Xexqwx
Zrphq> h txhvwr Ê wxwwr shu rud$
Qrq prowr/ hkB
SV= Frvd wl sldfhuheeh iduh fkh
qrq vwdl jl idfhqgrB
LO= Lq euhyh/ sduwhflsduh dg xq
pdjjlru qxphur gl hyhqwl h
lpsduduh lo wuldjh ghl exj1
SV= Vr fkh vhl dqfrud xqd
vwxghqwhvvd> odyruduh frq Xexqwx
wl kd dlxwdwr lq txhvwrB
LO= Qrq sursulr/ lqidwwl
suhihulvfr pdqwhqhuh od pld ylwd
vfrodvwlfd vhsdudwd gd flÔ fkh
idfflr rq0olqh ixrul gdood vfxrod1
Kr xqd vshudq}d vhssxu gheroh
fkh od pld vfxrod +r txdoxqtxh
dowud$, dffhwwhu Xexqwx r/ lq
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
jhqhudoh/ lo vriwzduh rshq vrxufh/
ylvwr fkh vrqr ihupdphqwh
lqfroodwl d Plfurvriw1 ª xq jurvvr
shffdwr1 Shu ulvsrqghuh
sursuldphqwh dood grpdqgd/
odyruduh frq Xexqwx pl kd
shuvrqdophqwh dlxwdwr dg dyhuh
xqd ylvlrqh slÛ dpsld/
lqvhjqdqgrpl frvh fkh qrq dyuhl
pdl lpsdudwr vh irvvl ulpdvwd
doo*lqwhuqr ghl frqilql
ghoo*lqvhjqdphqwr vrolwr +qrq fkh
od pld lvwux}lrqh vld vwdwd frvÎ
qrupdoh ylvwr fkh kr ylvvxwr lq
sdhvl glyhuvl h kr gryxwr
lpsduduh lo iudqfhvh gd }hur/ pd
txhvwd Ê xq*dowud vwruld$,/ hg kr
dyxwr prgr gl frqrvfhuh dofxqh
shuvrqh vwudruglqdulh hg Ê jud}lh
d orur fkh rud vrqr frlqyrowd1
SV= Frph shqvl fkh od
frpxqlw gl Xexqwx srvvd
rwwhqhuh xq pdjjlru
frlqyrojlphqwr gl jlrydql grqqh
+frvÎ jlrydql frph wh,B Lq frvd
vwldpr jl rshudqgr ehqhB
LO= Grqqh slÛ jlrydqlB Qrq
gryuhppr iruvh frqfhqwudufl frvÎ
wdqwr vxood gliihuhq}ld}lrqh
ihpplqloh ghood txhvwlrqh/ pd
frqfhqwudufl vxo frlqyrojlphqwr gl
68Õ
slÛ jlrydql lq vhqvr jhqhudoh
vhq}d glvwlq}lrql wud pdvfkl h
ihpplqhB Xexqwx \rxwk srwuheeh
+h gryuheeh, hvvhuh vhq}d gxeelr
udyylydwr +iuhtxhqwr lo fdqdoh LUF
h qrq vxffhgh xq judqfkË, h od
vwudgd shu sruwduh Xexqwx qhooh
vfxroh srwuheeh frqwlqxduh dqfkh
vxffhvvlydphqwh/ pd vhq}d
gxeelr frqfrughuhwh frq ph qho
gluh fkh txhvwd vwudgd Ê
hvwuhpdphqwh oxqjd h gliilfloh$
SV= Txdqgr qrq odyrul shu
Xexqwx r qrq vhl lpshjqdwd frq l
frpslwl vfrodvwlfl txdol vrqr l wxrl
lqwhuhvvlB
LO= Dgrur od pxvlfd dood vwuhjxd
ghood whfqrorjld h pl dssdvvlrqr
qhoo*lpsduduh frvh qxryh1
Lpsduduh d vfulyhuh frglfh Ê xqr
ghl plhl relhwwlyl/ hffr shufkË
dwwxdophqwh vwr lpsdudqgr
S|wkrq1 Pl lqwhuhvvr dqfkh gl gdwl/
vwdwlvwlfkh h gl iduh frvh
hffh}lrqdol frq gdwl h vwdwlvwlfkh
olehudphqwh glvsrqlelol/ lo fkh
lqrowuh dolphqwd lo plr judqgh
ghvlghulr gl lpsduduh1 Wxwwr txhoor
fkh idfflr pl glyhuwh1 Sxrl wuryduh
dowur vx gl ph lq jhqhudoh vx
kwws=22lvv|o31fr1xn2
lqglfh a
GIOCHI UBUNTU
Scritto da Edward Hewitt
occupa della grafica, del sonoro,
degli script, dell'IA, della GUI e di
tutte le altre caratteristiche di gioco,
interamente scritto partendo da
zero e senza utilizzare in nessun
modo l'eseguibile originale. Tuttavia,
Cos'è OpenMW?
NON abbiamo sostituito nessun dato
OpenMW è un motore sostitutivo del gioco, per cui dovrete comunque
avere una copia del gioco per poter
del gioco Morrowind. Sostituisce il
file Morrowind.exe ed è opensource. utilizzare OpenMW.
Questo mese ho intervistato
Nicolay Korslund, il principale
sviluppatore del nuovo progetto di
un gioco chiamato OpenMW.
È una sostituzione del motore di
gioco del tutto non ufficiale. Ciò
vuol dire che si tratta di un file
eseguibile a sé stante, che si
Il progetto funziona nativamente
su Windows, Linux, Mac ed altre
piattaforme, e questo è dovuto
principalmente al fatto che sono
state utilizzate esclusivamente
full circle magazine #39
librerie multi piattaforma come
OGRE, OpenAL e Boost.
Qual è l'obiettivo di OpenMW?
Il nostro obiettivo primario è
realizzare un Morrowind migliore. È
un gran bel gioco che tutti noi
amiamo, ma non credo di aver mai
incontrato qualcuno nella comunità
di Morrowind che non avesse una
qualche idea per migliorarlo
ulteriormente. Credo che sia un
gioco che invoglia la gente a
scavare a fondo e ad utilizzare la
propria immaginazione. Ci sono
state tantissime richieste di nuove
funzionalità finora, inclusi una
grafica migliore, la possibilità di
modificare (ancora) più flessibile, la
possibilità di creare script
migliorata, la correzione dei bug ed
un nuovo editor. Tuttavia, capiamo
che prima di realizzare tutti questi
grandi progetti dobbiamo realizzare
un remake funzionante e completo
delle caratteristiche originali del
gioco, come prima cosa. Questa è
quindi la nostra tabella di marcia per
OpenMW 1.0, ricreare un Morrowind
più o meno uguale all'originale.
36
Quanto supporto pensate di
fornire ad Ubuntu Linux?
Mi piacerebbe curare il rilascio di
un file .deb, ma il progetto ha delle
dipendenze che non sono presenti
nelle maggiori distribuzioni ufficiali,
quindi bisogna fornire anche queste
necessariamente. Personalmente io
non ho il tempo di farlo o di curarlo,
ma se qualcuno volesse assumersi il
compito è liberissimo di farlo. Io
sarei contento di aiutare per quanto
mi è possibile.
Come mai avete deciso di basare
il progetto su Morrowind e non su
qualcosa di più recente come
Oblivion?
Beh, la risposta più breve è che
Morrowind è il gioco che piace a me,
nonché quello che avrei preferito
migliorare maggiormente.
Oltretutto, quando ho cominciato a
lavorare su OpenMW (ed era di fatto
un mio hobby privato e lento
nell'avanzamento), Oblivion non
esisteva nemmeno.
Detto questo, ci sarebbe anche
da dire qualcosa sul remake di
indice ^
JLRFKL XEXQWX
yhffkl jlrfkl lq frqwudssrvl}lrqh dl
jlrfkl dwwxdol1 Sulpd gl wxwwr/ od
whfqrorjld Ê slÛ idfloh gd uhsolfduh1
Qrq vrqr vlfxur gl srwhu ulxvfluh d
ulfuhduh Reolylrq1 Gl idwwr/ rud frph
rud/ qrq kr qhpphqr xq frpsxwhu
lq judgr gl idu jluduh Reolylrq1 Lq
vhfrqgr oxrjr/ f*Ê xqd frpxqlwÂ
pdwxud= frorur fkh vrqr ulpdvwl
vxood vfhqd gl Pruurzlqg vrqr txhool
fkh dpdqr yhudphqwh txhvwr jlrfr1
Lq whu}r oxrjr/ yl Ê od srvvlelolw gl
frqiolwwl ohjdol1 Dqfkh vh iduhwh
prowd idwlfd d wuryduh txdofrvd gl
loohjdoh lq surjhwwl frph RshqPZ
+qrq vwldpr lqidwwl lqiudqjhqgr lo
frs|uljkw gl qhvvxqr,/ dofxqh
frpsdjqlh srvvrqr vhqwluvl
frvwuhwwh d wuryduh xq ulphglr vh vl
frplqfld d frpshwhuh frq l orur
jlrfkl slÛ uhfhqwl frq xq surjhwwr
rshqvrxufh1 Exwwdqgrvl lqyhfh vx
xq jlrfr fkh rupdl kd 43 dqql/ qrq
vldpr xqd plqdffld shu qhvvxqr1
Txdqwr dffhvvr kdl dyxwr do
frglfh ruljlqdoh gl Pruurzlqg shu
fuhduh RshqPZB
Dvvroxwdphqwh qhvvxqr1 Qrq
vldpr lq qhvvxq prgr vxssruwdwl gd
Ehwkhvgd/ vld xiilfldophqwh fkh qrq
xiilfldophqwh1 Wxwwr lo frglfh Ê vwdwr
vfulwwr lqwhudphqwh gd }hur h wxwwl l
irupdwl ghl iloh/ oh irupxoh vxood
jlrfdelolw h frvΠyld/ vrqr vwdwh r
vdudqqr iuxwwr gho uhyhuvh
hqjlqhhulqj1 Iruwxqdwdphqwh dofxql
ghl qrvwul surjudppdwrul dyhydqr
jl ghfliudwr lo irupdwr ghl iloh h oh
lqirupd}lrql gl jlrfr/ h dyhydpr
txlqgl xq eho sr* gl grfxphqwd}lrqh
gdood txdoh sduwluh1
Txdqgr fuhghwh fkh RshqPZ
vdu glvsrqleloh gd vfdulfduh h
jlrfduflB
Rk/ txhvwr Ê xq dujrphqwr fxl
whqjr prowr h glshqgh gd txdqwl
vyloxssdwrul vdudqqr glvsrqlelol d
gdufl xqd pdqr/ qrqfkË gd txdqwr
whpsr dyuÔ gd ghglfduh d txhvwr
surjhwwr1 Pd qrq Ê lpsuredeloh fkh
ulxvfldwh d yhghuh xq prwruh gl
jlrfr ilqlwr +uhqghul}}d}lrqh/ vxrqr/
ilvlfd/ vfulsw/ dqlpd}lrql h xqd JXL
frpsohwd, hqwur xq phvh r gxh/ frq
dofxql hohphqwl uhodwlyl dood
jlrfdelolw +gldorjkl/ frpedwwlphqwl/
hohphqwl ghoo*lqyhqwdulr h dowur, fkh
vdudqqr ulodvfldwl lq vhjxlwr/ grsr
srfr whpsr1 Pl sldfhuheeh
dssurqwduh xqd yhuvlrqh
slhqdphqwh jlrfdeloh shu od ilqh
ghoo*dqqr/ pd qrq srvvr surphwwhuh
qxood1
Txdqwr Ê judqgh lo whdp gl
vyloxssrB
Dwwxdophqwh vldpr lq wuh d
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
odyruduh dvvlgxdphqwh/ h srfkl dowul
fkh frqwulexlvfrqr
rffdvlrqdophqwh1 Wxwwdyld/ frph lq
wxwwr lo prqgr rshqvrxufh/ od jhqwh
yd h ylhqh1 Fl vrqr vwdwh shuvrqh
fkh kdqqr frqwulexlwr shu jurvvh
sru}lrql gl frglfh pd fkh rud vrqr
wurssr lpshjqdwh lq dowuh frvh1
Vrqr o*xqlfd shuvrqd fkh Ê
lpshjqdwd qho surjhwwr vlq gdjol
doerul1
vrujhqwh h frpsloduor1 Srwhwh gduh
xq*rffkldwd do qrvwur iruxp h do
qrvwur zlnl1
Shu sduwhflsduh do surjhwwr/ r shu
vdshuqh gl slÛ/ ylvlwdwh
kwws=22rshqpz1frp
Frph vl sxÔ gduh lo sursulr
frqwulexwrB
Vh vlhwh ghjol vyloxssdwrul/ fl
vhuyh lo yrvwur dlxwr1 Od pdqlhud
dvvroxwdphqwh pljolruh shu
frplqflduh Ê vfdulfduh lo frglfh
6:Õ
Hg Khzlww/ doldv Fkhzlw/ Ê xq
jlrfdwruh lqfdoolwr vx SF h d yrowh
shuvlqr vxooh ydulh frqvroh1 ª
dqfkh qho whdp gl vyloxssr gho
surjhwwr Jiluh +soxj0lq gl [iluh shu
Slgjlq,
lqglfh a
G)U
Vh dyhwh grpdqgh vx Xexqwx vfulyhwh d= txhvwlrqvCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj/h
Jrug yl ulvsrqghu qhooh survvlph hgl}lrql1 Shu idyruh lqvhulwh slÛ
lqirupd}lrql fkh srwhwh uljxdugr lo sureohpd1
Vfulwwr gd Jrug Fdpsehoo
G
Lo frpsxwhu fkh
xwlol}}r qrq kd xqd
frqqhvvlrqh lqwhuqhw/
h qdyljr dowuryh frq
xq dowur SF1 Frph srvvr
vfdulfduh ghl sdffkhwwl shu
Xexqwx lq prgr gd phwwhuol
vxood pld shqqd XVE h lqvwdooduol
vxo frpsxwhu vhq}d
frqqhvvlrqhB
U
Ydl vxo vlwr
“sdfndjhv1xexqwx1fr
p”/ txlqgl vhoh}lrqd od
yhuvlrqh fkh xwlol}}l h
oh dssolfd}lrql fkh ghvlghul1
Txdqgr xq*dssolfd}lrqh kd
elvrjqr ghoo*lqvwdood}lrqh gl dowul
sdffkhwwl +glshqghq}h,/ vdu lo
vlwr d iduwhor qrwduh1 Vduheeh
xwloh dyhuh xqd olvwd gl flÔ fkh Ê
jl lqvwdoodwr vxo wxr frpsxwhu/
rwwhqleloh frq lo frpdqgr=
dpkg --get-selections "*" >
Scrivania/apps.txt
Txlqgl frsld lo iloh “dssv1w{w”
vxood wxd shqqd XVE1 Lq txhvwr
prgr sxrl frqwurooduh vh jlÂ
srvvlhgl ghwhuplqdwh
glshqghq}h1 Ghyl vwduh dwwhqwr
gl dyhu lqvwdoodwr oh glshqghq}h
sulpd ghoo*dssolfd}lrqh1
G
Kr lqvwdoodwr gl
uhfhqwh Nxexqwx
ghvnwrs shu suryduor
h shu suhqghuh
glphvwlfkh}}d frq txdofrvd gl
gliihuhqwh1 Rud shuÔ yruuhl
ulpxryhuor1
U
G
U
Ydl d txhvwd sdjlqd=
kwws=22zzz1sv|fkrfdwv
1qhw2xexqwx2sxuhjqrp
h
Gryh srvvr vdshuqh
gl slÛ vx frph
xwlol}}duh od olqhd gl
frpdqgr gl Olqx{/ lo
frvlgghwwr whuplqdohB
Ixoo Flufoh Pdjd}lqh
kd sxeeolfdwr xqd
vhulh gl duwlfrol gdo
wlwror Frpdqgd h
Frqtxlvwd d sduwluh gdoo*xvflwd
qxphur 471 Wxwwh oh yhffklh
xvflwh srvvrqr hvvhuh vfdulfdwh
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
gdo vlwr gl Ixoo Flufoh1 Xq*dowud
ulvruvd sxÔ hvvhuh lo vlwr
kwws=22hq1iorvvpdqxdov1qhw2jqxol
qx{1 Qhood sduwh vlqlvwud ghood
sdjlqd zhe/ yhuvr o*dowr/ f*Ê xq
sxovdqwh hwlfkhwwdwr frph
“Fuhd SGI”1 Sxrl vfdulfduh lo
pdqxdoh gd oÎ1
G
U
Pl kdqqr gdwr xq
yhffklr sruwdwloh frq
589PE gl phpruld1
Txdoh yhuvlrqh gl
Xexqwx pl vxjjhulwhB
Qrq Ê dqfrud xq
phpeur xiilfldoh ghood
idpljold Xexqwx/ pd
Oxexqwx vhpeud
hvvhuh od pljolruh yhuvlrqh gd
xwlol}}duh frq 589PE gl
phpruld= kwws=22oxexqwx1qhw
G
6;Õ
Frph srvvr lqvhuluh
lo vlperor gl
frs|uljkw +‹,B
U
G
Suhpl Fwuo0Vkliw0X/
txlqgl gljlwd d< h
suhpl vsd}lr1 Jxdugd
vx Zlnlshgld od “olvwd
ghl fdudwwhul Xqlfrgh”1
Xwlol}}dqgr Oxflg/
grsr
o*djjlruqdphqwr dood
yhuvlrqh 61919 gl
Iluhir{/ lo eurzvhu vl eorffd
+sursulr qrq ulvsrqgh, txdqgr
ylhqh odqfldwr1
U
G
Fdqfhood lo iloh
vhfprg1ge gdo wxr
surilor gl iluhir{1
Kr xq dgdwwdwruh
zluhohvv ZXVE87JF1
Frph srvvr iduor
ixq}lrqduhB Lo
frpdqgr ovxve ulohyd
o*dgdwwdwruh frph=
Bus 001 Device 002: ID
1737:0077 Linksys
lqglfh a
G)U
U
U
+Jud}lh d E N vxo
Sxrl prglilfduh l
iruxp gl Xexqwx,
glulwwl gl sursulhw h l
Txhoor fkh xvl wx Ê
shuphvvl gl juxssr vxl
ZXVE87JF y6/ qrq
iloh do wxr qrph
ZXVE87JF fkh Ê xq dgdwwdwruh xwhqwh1 Dg hvhpslr lo frpdqgr=
gliihuhqwh1 Idl hvdwwdphqwh frvÎ=
Lq Dffhvvrul2Whuplqdoh gdl=
gksudo gedit
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.con
f
h djjlxqjl txhvwd uljd dood
ilqh=
sudo chown username:username
-R /media/c885571b-a6e5-4a2d937a-78af7050910/george
fdpelhu l glulwwl gl sursulhwÂ
ghood fduwhood 2jhrujh h gl wxwwl l
iloh h oh fduwhooh lq hvvd
frqwhqxwl/ do wxr qrph xwhqwh
dwwxdoh1
blacklist rt2800usb
Vdoyd h fklxgl/ txlqgl uldyyld
lo vlvwhpd h fuhd od wxd
frqqhvvlrqh zluhohvv1
G
Kr froohjdwr xq
yhffklr glvfr uljlgr
do plr frpsxwhu
frph vh irvvh xq
glvfr XVE hvwhuqr/ h yruuhl
ulxvfluh d uhfxshuduh gd hvvr
dofxql iloh1 ShuÔ txdqgr folffr
vxl iloh ylhq ixrul txhvwr dyylvr=
Access to /media/c885571ba6e5-4a2d-937a78af7050910/george/Courses/hi
st388/Passion.doc was
denied."
G
Grsr
o*djjlruqdphqwr dood
yhuvlrqh 43137 +Oxflg
O|q{,/ Vrqjelug qrq
ohjjh slÛ l iloh p7d1 Frph
srvvr ulvroyhuh txhvwr
lqfrqyhqlhqwhB
U
Lq Dffhvvrul2Whuplqdoh
lqvhulvfl l vhjxhqwl
frpdqgl=
cd ~/Songbird
export SB_GST_SYSTEM=1
./songbird
Dffhvvr dood uhwh Lqwhuqhw frq xq prghp XVE
Xqr ghl prgl slÛ vhpsolfl shu frqqhwwhuvl dg lqwhuqhw xvdqgr od
olqhd whohirqlfd Ê frpsuduh xq prghp XVE fkh lo surgxwwruh
dvvlfxud hvvhuh “Frpsdwleloh frq Olqx{”1
™ Lqvwdoodwh JqrphSSS +glvsrqleloh qho jhvwruh gl sdffkhwwl,
™ Dqgdwh vx Vlvwhpd A Dpplqlvwud}lrqh A Xwhqwl h juxssl
™ Folffdwh vx Lpsrvwd}lrql Dydq}dwh +lqvhulwh od sdvvzrug,
™ Dsulwh od vfkhgd Sulylohjl Xwhqwh
Dvvlfxudwhyl fkh fl vld od vsxqwd vx wxwwr +vshfldophqwh vx
“Frqqhwwh d Lqwhuqhw xvdqgr xq prghp” h “Xvd l prghp”,
txlqgl froohjdwh lo yrvwur prghp hvwhuqr +XVE, frpsdwleloh
frq Olqx{ ^lq txhvwr hvhpslr vwr xwlol}}dqgr xq XVUrerwlfv
XVU Prgho 896:1`
™ Dsulwh JqrphSSS/ folffdwh vx Vhwxs/ txlqgl vx Ghwhfw
+JqrphSSS ulohyhu rud lo prghp,/ grsrglfkË fklxghwh od
ilqhvwud Vhwxs h lqvhulwh oh yrvwuh lqirupd}lrql frph orjlq h
sdvvzrug/ qxphur gl whohirqr orfdoh ghoo*LVS h frvÎ yld1
™ Folffdwh vx Frqqhwwl1
Txdqgr od frqqhvvlrqh Ê vwdelolwd/ dsulwh lo yrvwur eurzvhu h
qdyljdwh$
Shu whuplqduh od vhvvlrqh h glvfrqqhwwhuvl/ fklxghwh lo eurzvhu
h folffdwh vx Glvfrqqhwwl1
Odzuhqfh K1 Exon
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
6<Õ
lqglfh a
LO PLR GHVNWRS
Lo plr qrph Ê \xul h txhvwr Ê [xexqwx vxo plr yhffklr
frpsxwhu 0 frq 845PE gl UDP h xq Fhohurq LL1
Qrq pl sldfflqr l whpl fkldul/ h rglr lo eox vxood vfulydqld 0
frvÎ kr vfhowr xq juljlr vfxur1
Erugr ilqhvwud 0 djxdohprq1
Virqgr 0 jxos 0 qrq ulfrugr gryh o*kr wurydwr1
Whpd 0 {ifh0gxvn1
H od eduud dqlpdwd frq lqwhuidffld judilfd +zedufrqilj,1
Vxo sdqqhoor xvr o*dssohw %zlqgrz vzlwfk% shu yhghuh vror oh
lfrqh ghooh dssolfd}lrql1 Sxrl yhghuh od pld vxood vfkhupdwd1
Txhvwd Ê od wxd rffdvlrqh shu prvwuduh do prqgr lo wxr ghvnwrs hvwurvr r lo wxr SF1 Pdqgd
oh wxh vfkhupdwh h irwr d= plvfCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj1 Lqfoxgl xqd euhyh ghvful}lrqh gho
wxr ghvnwrs/ oh fdudwwhulvwlfkh gho wxr SF h dowuh fxulrvlw vxood wxd frqiljxud}lrqh1
Xwlol}}r Xexqwx <1431 Lo plr frpsxwhu kd oh vhjxhqwl
fdudwwhulvwlfkh=
0 Phpruld= 418 JE
0 FSX= DPG Dwkorq
0 Glvfr uljlgr= ;3 JE
0 Whpd Vklnl0Zlvh
Ixq}lrqd shuihwwdphqwh/ h vrqr prowr iholfh shufkÊ ulfrqrvfh
wxwwh oh shulihulfkh fkh kr froohjdwr= xqd zhefdp/ gxh
vwdpsdqwl h xqr vfdqqhu1 Odyrur frq Xexqwx gdood yhuvlrqh
9139/ h rud vwr dvshwwdqgr od 431371
Oxlv Pdulq
\xul
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
73Õ
lqglfh a
LO PLR GHVNWRS
Xvr Xexqwx gdood yhuvlrqh :137/ h rud xvr od <143/ Nduplf
Nrdod/ vx xq Ghoo Lqvslulrq Plql 43 0 frq surfhvvruh Lqwho Dwrp
Q5:3/ 4JE gl UDP/ h xq glvfr uljlgr gl 493JE1 Od ulvrox}lrqh
Ê lpsrvwdwd d 4357{9331 Wxwwr ixq}lrqd do phjolr= vfkhgd
zluhohvv/ Frpsl}/ hphudog/ hwf1 Xvr lo whpd Pdf7Olq shu idu
dvvrpljolduh lo plr Xexqwx dg xq Dssoh +yruuhl dyhuh xq
sruwdwloh Dssoh,1 Kr lqvwdoodwr Dydqw Zlqgrz Pdqdjhu +DZQ,
shu vrvwlwxluh lo sdqqhoor lqihulruh frq lo whpd Fxuyh Eoxh fkh
kr wurydwr vx kwws=22jqrph0orrn1ruj1 Kr dqfkh djjlxqwr
o*rurorjlr Fdlr0forfn dood vfulydqld1 Or virqgr o*kr wurydwr wud
txhool gl Pdf7Olq1 ª hffh}lrqdoh1 Dgrur lo plr Ghoo Plql h
Xexqwx1
Fldr$ Vrqr Ho DfkÊfkh Dqlv/ h kr 54 dqql1
Vrqr xq judqgh idq gl Xexqwx1 Kr lql}ldwr dg xvduor gdood
yhuvlrqh :1371 Rud vrqr phpeur gho OrFr wxqlvlqr gl
Xexqwx1 Hffr frph dssduh lo plr ghvnwrs/ frq Frpsl}
Ixvlrq/ DZQ/ h lo zlgjhw V|vPrqlwru +kr fdpeldwr lo orjr
vwdqgdug gl Xexqwx frq txhoor gl Xexqwx0wq,1
Lo plr sf Ê xq WRVKLED D63304<S frq xq surfhvvruh Lqwho
Fhqwulqr h 6JE gl UDP1
Ho DfkÊfkh Dqlv
Jhgh Vxodgud
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
74Õ
lqglfh a
WRS 8
Vlwl gl grfxphqwd}lrqh Xexqwx
Vfulwwr gd Dqguhz Plq
Grfxphqwd}lrqh gl Xexqwx
Zlnl gl grfxphqwd}lrqh gl Xexqwx
kwwsv=22khos1xexqwx1frp2
kwwsv=22khos1xexqwx1frp2frppxqlw|
Lo sulpr srvwr gryh gryuhvwh fhufduh dlxwr Ê od grfxphqwd}lrqh
xiilfldoh gl Xexqwx1 Frqwlhqh xq vdffr gl xwlol krz0wr vxooh
ixq}lrql gl edvh/ frph dvfrowduh od pxvlfd/ qdyljduh lq lqwhuqhw/
r uhgljhuh ghl grfxphqwl1 Lqrowuh/ od grfxphqwd}lrqh gl Xexqwx
frqwlhqh oh ulvsrvwh dg dofxqh grpdqgh iuhtxhqwl/ frph %ShufkË
lo sruwdfkldyl gl JQRPH pl fklhgh od sdvvzrug rjql yrowd fkh
dffhgrB% ª fxudwr gd xq dssrvlwr juxssr/ Grfxphqwdwlrq
Frpplwwhuv +vror glfldvvhwwh phpeul sduwhflsdqr lq txhvwr
prphqwr,1 Frph ulvxowdwr/ jol duwlfrol vrqr phqr hvdxulhqwl/ pd
vrqr txdvl vhpsuh idflol gd fdsluh h gd ohjjhuh1
Dffdqwr dood grfxphqwd}lrqh xiilfldoh gl Xexqwx f*Ê dqfkh xq zlnl
gl grfxphqwd}lrqh gl Xexqwx1 Kd jol vwhvvl vfrsl ghood
grfxphqwd}lrqh xiilfldoh/ pd/ frph prowl zlnl/ rjql xwhqwh or sxÔ
prglilfduh1 Lo ulvxowdwr Ê fkh ulvxowd prowr slÛ hvdxulhqwh +dqfkh
vh phqr dplfkhyroh, ulvshwwr dood grfxphqwd}lrqh xiilfldoh1
Frqwlhqh fhqwlqdld gl duwlfrol/ gdoo*lqvwdood}lrqh gl Dfuredw Uhdghu
dood frqiljxud}lrqh gl Pdgzlil0qj vx xq PdfErrn Sur vlqr dood
frqiljxud}lrqh gl ]hqrvv1 Frqwlhqh dqfkh ghl frprgl duwlfrol shu
jol xwhqwl fkh lqwhqgdqr pljuduh gd dowul vlvwhpl rshudwlyl1
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
75Õ
lqglfh a
WRS 8 0 VLWL GL GRFXPHQWD]LRQH XEXQWX
Pdqxdoh gl Xexqwx
Xexqwxjxlgh
kwws=22xexqwx0pdqxdo1ruj2
kwws=22xexqwxjxlgh1ruj2
Lo pdqxdoh gl Xexqwx Ê xq*rwwlpd dowhuqdwlyd vld dood
grfxphqwd}lrqh xiilfldoh fkh dood grfxphqwd}lrqh gho zlnl1
Phqwuh txhvwl xowlpl vrqr hqwudpel vwuxwwxudwl frph sdjlqh
zhe/ od vtxdgud gho pdqxdoh gl Xexqwx/ jxlgdwd gd Ehqmdplq
Kxpskuh|/ kd fuhdwr xq oleur lq irupdwr SGI1 Hvvr lqfoxgh
lvwux}lrql gl edvh shu od pdjjlru sduwh ghl vriwzduh lq grwd}lrqh/
fuhdqgr xq pdqxdoh gl ulihulphqwr fkh wl jxlgd sdvvr0sdvvr1
Frpsuhqgh dqfkh hqwudpeh oh yhuvlrql/ shu od vwdpsd h shu or
vfkhupr/ h lq ixwxur frpsuhqghu wudgx}lrql lq glyhuvh olqjxh
+dqfkh vh do prphqwr Ê sursrvwr vror lq lqjohvh,1
Shu dofxql xwhqwl/ lo pdqxdoh gl Xexqwx sxÔ vhpeuduh wurssr
hohphqwduh1 Lq txhvwr fdvr/ surydwh Xexqwxjxlgh1 Fxudwr gdo
Olqx{ Fhqwhu ghoo*Xqlyhuvlw ghood Ohwwrqld/ txhvwd jxlgd qrq
xiilfldoh suhvhqwd/ vrwwrirupd gl oleur/ xq vdffr gl frqvljol h
vxjjhulphqwl +ohjjhuphqwh slÛ dydq}dwl, shu jol xwhqwl gl
Xexqwx/ frph lo gxdo0errw Xexqwx h Pdf RV [/ o*lqvwdood}lrqh gl
YPZduh/ h o*delolwd}lrqh gl frghf sursulhwdul 0 frph olegygfvv51
Lo vlwr rvslwd dqfkh xqd Nxexqwxjxlgh vlploh/ shu jol xwhqwl gl
NGH/ h xq hohqfr gl surjudppl rshq0vrxufh dowhuqdwlyl do
vriwzduh frpphufldoh1
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
76Õ
lqglfh a
WRS 8 0 VLWL GL GRFXPHQWD]LRQH XEXQWX
Uhsrvlwru| Xexqwx Pdq Sdjh
kwws=22pdqsdjhv1xexqwx1frp2
Oh sdjlqh vshflilfkh vx Xexqwx vrqr dffxudwh/ pd d yrowh qrq Ê
Xexqwx vwhvvr od fdxvd gho sureohpd1 Vshvvr jol xwhqwl kdqqr
vhpsolfhphqwh elvrjqr gl dlxwr frq xq surjudppd vshflilfr1 Shu
txhvwr/ lo srvwr pljolruh gd frqvxowduh vrqr oh sdjlqh ghl pdqxdol
gl grfxphqwd}lrqh fkh yhqjrqr lqvwdoodwh frq od pdjjlru sduwh
ghooh prghuqh dssolfd}lrql1 Phqwuh frq lo whuplqdoh Ê srvvleloh
ylvxdol}}duh txhvwh sdjlqh wudplwh lo frpdqgr pdq/ lo uhsrvlwru|
Pdqsdjh gl Xexqwx Ê prowr slÛ hohjdqwh1 Frpsuhqgh sdjlqh
sldfhyrophqwh irupdwwdwh +frpsuhvd xqd eduud odwhudoh frq l
frqwhqxwl d sruwdwd gl pdqr,/ xq soxjlq shu od ulfhufd qho eurzvhu
P|furiw/ h xq srwhqwh prwruh gl ulfhufd1
Lo srgfdvw gl Xexqwx XN Ê suhvhqwdwr gd phpeul ghood
frpxqlw gl Xexqwx Olqx{ gho Uhjqr Xqlwr1
Lo qrvwur relhwwlyr Ê gl iruqluh lqirupd}lrql djjlruqdwh h dwwxdol
vxjol h shu jol xwhqwl gl Xexqwx Olqx{ gl wxwwr lo prqgr1
Wudwwldpr wxwwl jol dvshwwl gl Xexqwx Olqx{ h gho Vriwzduh Olehur
h fl ulyrojldpr d wxwwl/ gdl qxrylvvlpl xwhqwl dl slÛ hvshuwl
surjudppdwrul/ gdood olqhd gl frpdqgr ilqr doo*xowlpd JXL1
Gdwr fkh od wudvplvvlrqh Ê surgrwwd gdood frpxqlw gl Xexqwx
XN/ lo srgfdvw ulvshwwd lo Frglfh gl Frqgrwwd gl Xexqwx hg Ê
txlqgl dgdwwr d wxwwh oh hwÂ1
kwws=22srgfdvw1xexqwx0xn1ruj2
Glvsrqleloh lq irupdwr PS62RJJ lq
Plur/ lWxqhv r dvfrowdwhor
gluhwwdphqwh gdo vlwr1
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
77Õ
lqglfh a
Juxssr Ixoo Flufoh
FRPH FRQWULEXLUH
Vldpr vhpsuh lq dwwhvd gl yrvwul qxryl duwlfrol gd sxeeolfduh qhood ulylvwd
Ixoo Flufoh1 Shu duwlfrol/ jxlgh/ lghh h shu oh wudgx}lrql ghood ulylvwd / gdwh
xq*rffkldwd do qrvwur zlnl= kwws=22zlnl1xexqwx1frp2XexqwxPdjd}lqh
Lqyldwhfl l yrvwul duwlfrol d= duwlfohvCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
Vh ghvlghudwh lqyldufl ghooh qrwl}lh/ vfulyhwh d= qhzvCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
Lqyldwh l yrvwul frpphqwl r hvshulhq}h Olqx{ d= ohwwhuvCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
Oh uhylvlrql Kdugzduh2vriwzduh ydqqr lqyldwh d= uhylhzvCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
Oh grpdqgh vxooh lqwhuylvwh ixwxuh ydqqr lqyldwh d= txhvwlrqvCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
Oh vfkhupdwh ghl Ghvnwrs ydqqr lqyldwh d= plvfCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
111 rssxuh ylvlwdwh lo qrvwur iruxp d= zzz1ixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
IXOO FLUFOH KD ELVRJQR GL YRL$
Xqd ulylvwd qrq Ê xqd ulylvwd vhq}d ghjol duwlfrol h Ixoo Flufoh qrq Ê
xq*hffh}lrqh1 Deeldpr elvrjqr ghooh yrvwuh Rslqlrql/ Ghvnwrs h Vwrulh1
Ghvlghuldpr dqfkh oh yrvwuh Uhfhqvlrql +jlrfkl/ dssolfd}lrql ) kdugzduh,/
duwlfrol Krz0Wr +vx rjql vrjjhwwr N2[2Xexqwx, h txdovldvl grpdqgh/ r
vxjjhulphqwl/ fkh srvvldwh dyhuh1
Lqyldwhol d= duwlfohvCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
78Õ
Fdsr uhgdwwruh 0 Urqqlh Wxfnhu
urqqlhCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
Zhepdvwhu 0 Ure Nhuild
dgplqCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
Pdqdjhu frpxqlfd}lrql 0
Urehuw Folsvkdp
puprqgd|Cixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
Srgfdvw 0 Urelq Fdwolqj
srgfdvwCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj
Hglwlqj h fruuhwwrul gl er}}h
Plnh Nhqqhg|
Gdylg Kddv
Jrug Fdpsehoo
Urehuw Ruvlqr
Oxfdv Zhvwhupdqq
Lo qrvwur ulqjud}ldphqwr yd d
Fdqrqlfdo/ do whdp pdunhwlqj gl
Xexqwx h dl prowl juxssl gl
wudgx}lrqh qho prqgr1
Whuplqh shu lo q1 73=
Grphqlfd 3; djrvwr 53431
Sxeeolfd}lrqh gho q1 73=
YhqhugÎ 5: djrvwr 53431
lqglfh a
LO JUXSSR IFP LWDOLDQR
Frruglqdwruh gho juxssr= Gdulr Fdyhgrq
Kdqqr frooderudwr dood uhdol}}d}lrqh gl txhvwr qxphur=
HQWUD DQFKH WX QHO JUXSSR IFP$
Od ulylvwd Ixoo Flufoh qdvfh gd xqd lghd ghood FrpxqlwÂ
ghjol xwhqwl gl Xexqwx h ylyh gho odyrur gl frorur fkh
kdqqr vfhowr gl ghglfduh sduwh gho orur whpsr olehur dood
ulxvflwd gl txhvwr surjhwwr1 ª xq surjhwwr yhudphqwh
dshuwr= wxwwl srvvrqr frooderuduh/ lq xq prgr r
qhoo•dowur1 F•Ê fkl vfulyh jol duwlfrol/ fkl ol fruuhjjh/ fkl ol
wudgxfh/ fkl ol lpsdjlqd h frvÎ yld1
Dqfkh wx sxrl frooderuduh dwwlydphqwh dood frqwlqxd
fuhvflwd gl txhvwd ulylvwd/ lo fxl xqlfr vfrsr Ê od
gliixvlrqh ghood fxowxud gho Vriwzduh Olehur1
Wudgxwwrul=
DogrOdwlqr
DqwrqlrSlfflqqr
EldqfdNzh|
GdylgOdPrqdfd
GdylghPlfhol
IudqfhvfrSodffr
JlxvhsshFdoÂ
PdufrExrqr
PdufrOhwl}ld
SdrorJduelq
UrdogGhWlqr
Uhylvrul=
DogrOdwlqr
FulvwldqrOxlqhwwl
PdufrExrqr
PdufrOhwl}ld
PlorFdvdjudqgh
Lpsdjlqdwrul=
Dogr Odwlqr
Fulvwldqr Oxlqhwwl
Gdylgh Plfhol
Vh frqrvfl o*lqjohvh h lo Vriwzduh Olehur Ê od wxd
sdvvlrqh/ sxrl frooderuduh=
™ vfulyhqgr duwlfrol lq lqjohvh>
™ wudgxfhqgr lq lwdoldqr l whvwl>
™ uhylvlrqdqgr l whvwl>
™ lpsdjlqdqgrol frq Vfulexv1
L froohjdphqwl shu vfdulfduh wxwwl l qxphul gl Ixoo Flufoh
Pdjd}lqh lq lwdoldqr ol wuryl qho qrvwur Dufklylr1
Vh yxrl vdshuqh gl slÛ/ ylvlwd od sdjlqd Sduwhflsduh
gho qrvwur zlnl1
ghoo*duwlfror1 Idl folf txl shu frqvxowduor$
Rjjl sduwhflsduh h* dqfrud slx* idfloh$
gvmm djsdmf nbhb{jof $4:
Fhufkl xq duwlfror sxeeolfdwr vx IFPB
Qho zlnl wuryl dqfkh o*Lqglfh jhqhudoh gl wxwwl l qxphul
sxeeolfdwl/ frpsuhvlyr gl wlwror/ dxwruh h sdjlqd
Txhvwd ulylvwd Ê vwdwd wudgrwwd gdo Juxssr IFP ghood frpxqlw Xexqwx0lw1
Shu rjql dowud lqirupd}lrqh ylvlwdwh lo qrvwur vlwr zhe= kwws=22zlnl1xexqwx0lw1ruj2Ifp1
79Õ
lqglfh a
Urqqlh
urqqlhCixooflufohpdjd}lqh1ruj