APPUNTI CORSO PATENTE NAUTICA - capitolo 1

APPUNTI CORSO PATENTE NAUTICA - capitolo 1

#
#%# %
(
"
#
' )%
%
' )%
%
" %# !
'
% #*
%
"
! "
#" "
)
"
%
#
(
" #
!
"
!
" #
!
.
#
#%#
" #(#!
#
%
#
$
%
#
"
#
#% "
%+
623,0
"
#
%
1'22!*
" %
#
(
+
%
.#
'
%
#
!
,
*
!
%
"
$#"
%
%
! #$
%%
% #
(
+ #
",
)% "#
%% " #
"
#
#%#$ # "
%# +
% ",
* %
*
%%
#
#%
12+' !
"
'
"
#
#%#
<" ! % # "
#'$ " :72 %!
#" % " "
72 #! *
#! % " "
72%
%
#
(
#
!
"
%/" #
!
"
0
#
#*
"+ 123,0
#
"+
23,
27'22!*
%
)# % # ,
! $ %% "
"
*
#
!
"
! %(#
#
"+
! "
#
%! %#
! #"
$" "
)
& %% ! # '
+ %% "
#
"
# #
!
*
% #
4'22!*
#( *
% % #
# ' %" #
"
(
62
(
%!
#
'
" ! #"
2+
; '$
",(
! #"
#
%
%+
%
,
*
! #"
2$ #
#
#%#* % !
%*
"
# #
%
#
! %%! ( " !
"
)
"
! %(# ) #
" "
"
)*
"
# # $ %%
# %%!
*
" ! %%!
% *5
%+
4823,0
#
-
%
% #
%% #
#%#*
# %#
#
#
*
9, 62
! %(# % "
!
%
"
(
:72$ '
"
! #"
,
$%
#
% %+
%
9,
"
"
"
)
! %(# %
# "
"$
#
#' +
#,
*
" ! " #! * %*
=3= 2>
*
?
@%
# #
'
)
#
#%#
#
*
! %#
# "$" 23 9 623
+ %# ,
*
" % "
#
"%
# #"
"
"- %
! %(#
#
#
"+
)#
!)"
0
, " 23
#
#
# " ! #"
623
! #% #
! %(# % "
*
+
" 62"
%
! %(# ,
*
?
# #
!)"
@%
)
#
#%#
" "- %
0 # " #+ "
#
, ! #% # ! #"
" .# ; '
@*
" 23 9 123 #
%
" 23
123 #
%
%*
* 9A
*B *
" % "
# #
#
*
"%
# #"
! #"
+
" :72
%
'
,
*
<" ! % # "
"%
! #$ #
'
"
#
#
#% "
"
#!
#' ! %%!
#
#%# + %% ! " '
#
#%
%(#,
*
'
#' ! %%!
#
#%# + " %*C#,0
D2222E!$" " " - %
! %#
#
! # " #! "
#+
:72F72G 4 722,%
'
!
! %#
1=4! #*
"
#
?
#! "
" +"
%
%
"
" # #
% )#
"
#
"
# "H #
# ,0
# " ! #"
$ %% "
#'
! %%! $ - " ! % #
!
+ 1=4! #,
*
$"
'
#
# 0% '
$
#! "
" 0 %
!
"
!
%
#
D=3 #" "
" *
I#
%
$
! #
#
#% "
" ! #0
(# #$!
# 0% # #
#
% C#*
#$
# "H #
#$"
'
"%
#
#
!
#
%
$
'
! ! #%
#
#
#% "
"
#!
!
" "
#
%
*
#! "
" $
%
"
" # #
% )#
" #
$! % #
%
""
%%
%% #
# "%
* & #'J ! #"
#
#
%
- "
#! "
"
#
#% " "
!
%
#*
#*
%
<" ! % # "
"
<+ %% $%
#
<"
!
,
#
#%
"
"
!
# + % ' ,"
% #
(
#
#%#
" $ #
$ #0
" ! #"
' " " (% ! <*
!
"
(% 0" =3 #
4D # "
#*
%
%
4D(%
#
#% "
4D # "
# *
! !
# #"
#
#
#
% % (% '
!
# "
#
# #
% "
#
#%#
#* (% " .# ; '%
"
.H +
.# ; '! #"
! , (% 2*.
#% ! % #
#
% %
#
%%)
! %#
+
" 2 4:$
#"
4
#
% % "
4 #
%
%$
#
# $K *
*
*
,
#
" (% % "
(
* # " (% " .# ; '% "
!5
"
% "
#$% "
%! # " #
' (%
% #(#% * " % ! ?
(G 2% LG 7
"# # 2
(% 7*
#
#% "
# " .# ; '0- " "
"?
!G ( +
L,G 2 7
# %! ?
(G =% LG
#
#% "
! G (+
L,G =9 G 7
)#
" " #)) % ! # %% #
# ! # "
# " .# ; '* & ( 0
%%
#
"
" * " % ! $%
#
!
@
%% # !
% # ! #" ) #
" ' (G 4+ %%
% 0 % ", !
0
= %% !
# (%
# ! ?
LG ( ! G 4 =G :
%% % !
!
*
"
'
#" "
"
#
#% "
72M =G D!
+
" ! ,
#! "
"
#
#% "
4D2M72G D%
"+
" ! ,
%
@ %% # ! ' (G D*
:2
! 4*
D=
%
'
G ( ! G ' D=! G 2=!
G 473 =
$
!! "
#'
D434 :2> 9 23D= :4> G =:328 24>
(
(#
"
#'
D:3:8 47>
=3D1 :2> G
483D1 =7>
#
%
"
%" ##
%
)# ' $ ' 0
#
##
- "
#
!
"
#
%
+
" %"
#
"
"
% " ! #"
2,
* "
%!
D=3 = 42> 9 =3 2 2>B G D=3 = 42> =3 2 2>G :232= 2>
D=3 = 42>
=3 2 2>B G D=3 = 42>9 =3 2 2>G 7234= :2>
%%
" %
" " ! " #!
# #%(#
! # %
"
" ! " #! $% " "
! # "%
" #72$ #
#
" "?
D:3:8 47> G D:3:8*
=
' %
D: #" :8*
= #! *
!
# %% # " #!
" ! " #" *
%
, %
#
# " 62"
%- "#
% ! #"
N
),(# % #
##
%- "#
(
'
) % %% #
,#
#
#
"
"
)% "
%- "#
",! % # #
! %% +
! #, "%
"
"
#
#
,# # # - % "%
% )#
" #
#"
"
#
! #"
(
,
# % )#
" #"
#"$ #!
" ! "
,
!
#%(#
! #
# "$ #!
%
"*
, %
#
# " 62"
%- "#
),(# % #
##
%- "#
(
'
)%
,#
# ! #"
"
"
",! % # #
! %% +
! #,
! #"
#
,# # # - % "%
% )#
"
#
(
,
# % )#
" #"
#
# "$
,
!
$ #%(#
! #
# "$ #!
%
#
N
%% #
)% "
%- "#
"%
"
"
#"
"
#
#!
" ! "
%
"*
&
%
$
$
#
##
#
"
"
#
"
"
" ! #"
## "
N
% %%
"
"
#
## "
N
% %% ! #"
( "
' # #%
! # * %!)
C ! 0C
"
%
%
,#%
# +
"#
#
(
#
"
#
"
! #% #
"#
#
# %#* %% $"
" + %% #
#,0
#
" % ",
#
! #% #
!!
#0
"
*
#
"% "
+(
(
"#
K%
"
"
#
)
#
#%#
! #% #
#
K*
"#
"
%!
)
#
" % "*
#
#%#* %% "
"
%!
)
#
%
#,%
"
! " K+
! #"
%%
"#
# " #' ! %%!
"
%
! %%! 0
'
# #
% N)#
# "
*
#
# "# !
#
%
! #"
%
#%
% " # %
$
!
'
! #"
*#
!
% ! %
%
"#
%% "# ! '
! #% #
# ! #" *
#
# "# !
#
!
#
%
)% %
#
"H #
#*
(
(
"0-
# "
" "(
(
#
!
#'
"
# %
#
'
"
"
)
#
# %#
#
%
"
*
- " N
"
#
# "# !
! 0 N(
" %
#*
%
# #
% " %
# 0 (# #
:22!
*
#
&" % !
# #
% " %
# 0% # #
4222!
*
#
%% "# !
#
%
#
)% %
#
"H #
#
!
#
! #"
% %%
"(
(#
%
!
#
!
% # %
#
#
%
)
#
#%#*
$$
#
#
#%
#$
#( "
%
#
%
#
# #
"! %
? 22222 !
'
<$ %%
222! # +
#
N !
(#
!
#%
#
! #%
#
E!,
*+ K? # " "
+"
#
#%
#
#%
!
#
#
#
"
#
#
#
"
%
! "
+"
#
#
#
"
%
! "
# " +"
#
#
#
"
%
#
#
!
#"
#
#
!
# % %%
%!
#
#
#
!
#
%
% % "
% #
(
%% #
#
# " +"
?
:!
"
"
#
"!
%
!
%
#
#%# # #
*
# <* %*
?
! #
,
*
?! ,
?!
?
4=2222,
?
4=2222
?
722222
?
72222,
?
4222,
#
"
% #
(
#
#%# %
$# " "
#" #
*5 %
" # 0 %%
#
$"
#
"H #
#0#
"% # *
#
"
# "# ! *
'
" #
# #%#
%
!
'*
$
#
#
#
"
% #
( "
"# *
0 #
& "
" #
#
" !
0# #%
)
!
I
"
#'J
%
# *
) %
0
#
#
%
"#
-
#%
! #"
%
#$%
* %%
"
- %
%
# )% %
#
"#
#
#
#
#
+
% "
"
H #
#,(
# #
# # <" %
"# (
"
#
%% "# ! ' *
# # <"
# "H #
#%
%
?
! #"
%
# #%
!
#
- "%
#
*
#
%
# #%
!
#
#
$!
%
- "%
*
%%
# <" "(
(#
"
"
"%
#"
#
!
!
"
"
#
#
%
+
"
#%
,
! #"
#
(#
!
#
"#
# "
#
# % ""%(
# # <" %
$#
#
"
%
# #%
)
!
#
'
#
%
! #"
% %%
*
#
%% "# ! ' $ - " % # (#
! %
)$
# (
*
%%
#
#%
'
# "H #
#
! %# "
"%
" #
< %% # #% % !
%
%
+ #
,"
" $"
' %
"
"%
#!
#
#% " "
!
*
#" #
< %% #
#
"
%
"
"
" ! #
#%% $ - "
% %%
" " (#
!
"
"
#
*
#
+
"( %
"
%
"
#
#
%
#!
-
,' "
#
# # $
#%
#
")
"
(*
#
#
# !
"
# * " %? #
#
66D
D7$ *D$
7 #
*
#
# #
*
#
"#
% '
#
%"
%% # # # %
'
"
" %# %
# % %% * %
"
%
" "
%
+ * *1: )# ,
%
"
"
4!
)%
#
"
(%
#
"
'
"
!)
$%
#
"#
%" !
# % "!
%- "#
%
#
%
$ %%
! " '
! #%
)
#
%
% *#
!
"
#
H "
%- "#
#
#
!
% !
" #
" #
# *
% " %
+
%
$( " ) %%
*
, #
" #
< %% #
%
"
%
* (
# #
#
!
" %- "#
# #
#
#% #
# *
# # #
) #'
" #
#
# $
#
! #(#!
##
#
# *
H% #
"
"#
+ ! ,
, %
#
#
#
% "
%- "#
%
#
"#
),L # % #
##
%- "#
#
"#
(
'
#
%% #
"
! #"
,
#
! %
"
%- "#
#
#% "
! #"
%
0
%
#
",
%
#
#"
# %%
# %
" " - "#
#
%
%%
!
"* - % %
#! "
#$
# F
- "#
#
#
<
# #
% #
! " "
%)
#
%
%
"
# # % %
%- "# *
H% #
"
"%
"
#
,
"
! %% )
# %
# #
#
#% "
"
"
! # " #! %
#
"
# * " %!
= #! *
),L #
!! #
! %%
#
" > # #>" ! %% ! % # *
,H % ##
! %%
#%
# #!
" ! " #!
!!
$
# # "
#
#% "
# #%
#
"
#
L
"
#
*
", !! #
! %# #
#%
#
#
! #
" #!
!!
#
,
#
" " '
#! 0
!
! " # #
#
,
" #%
'
!
G
"
# #
##$0 %%)
#
72 ! " "
# "# !
G + O72,MI
$
!
#
"%
"
MI
%
" # #
#
*
!
" # #
#
#
"
!
!
<"
!
*H % #
)#
#
"
%
%
#