docganmartebi T ileqsikoni
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ganmartebi T ileqsikoni
ganmartebiTi leqsikoni meore nawili ganaTlebis specialistebisaTvis wignze muSaobdnen simon janaSia Sorena saZagliSvili mzia wereTeli kaxa gabunia zaqro giunaSvili nana dalaqiSvili nino doborjginiZe giorgi zedginiZe ekaterine korZaZe irina samsonia naTia saRinaZe TinaTin salayaia marina CxikvaZe ISBN 978-9941-0-0541-1 (yvela nawilis) ISBN 978-9941-0-0542-8 (meore nawilis) sarCevi ganmartebiTi leqsikoni sarCevi................................................................................................... 3 winasityvaoba.......................................................................................6 unar-Cvevebi:.........................................................................................7 asertuloba..........................................................................................7 kognicia................................................................................................7 kognituri.............................................................................................7 kompetencia...........................................................................................7 metakognicia......................................................................................... 8 socialuri kognicia........................................................................... 8 tolerantoba....................................................................................... 8 Teoriebi:...............................................................................................9 gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb....................9 golmanis Teoria emociuri inteleqtis Sesaxeb.............................9 diuis ganaTlebis koncefcia........................................................... 10 vizualur-sivrciTi inteleqtis mqone adamianebi.........................12 interpersonaluri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi...........................13 intrapersonaluri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi...........................13 kolbis Teoria swavlis stilis Sesaxeb.........................................13 kolbergis moralurobis ganviTarebis Teoria............................ 15 lingvisturi inteleqtis mqone adamianebi.................................... 17 maTematikur-logikuri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi.................. 17 musikaluri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi......................................18 “naturalisturi” inteleqtis mqone adamianebi............................18 perkinsis Teoria swavlis Sesaxeb....................................................18 rojersis gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli swavleba........................ 19 socialur-kognituri Teoria (bandura, miSeli).......................... 20 selmanis Teoria socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb............................................................. 22 sxeulebriv-kinesTetikuri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi............ 23 swavlebis bihevioristuli midgoma (skineri)............................... 23 uznaZis midgomebi TamaSsa da swavlaze.......................................... 24 saswavlo procesi.............................................................................. 27 diferencirebuli swavleba.............................................................. 27 drois organizeba.............................................................................. 27 TvalsaCinoeba..................................................................................... 28 metakurikulumi................................................................................. 28 moderacia............................................................................................ 28 moduli................................................................................................ 29 saaTobrivi bade................................................................................. 29 sivrcis organizeba............................................................................ 29 silabusi............................................................................................. 30 swavlis tipebi (stili).................................................................... 30 teqnikur sacnobaro aparati............................................................31 ganaTlebis sistema............................................................................ 32 akademiuri xarisxi............................................................................ 32 akreditacia........................................................................................ 32 araformaluri profesiuli ganaTleba.......................................... 33 atestati............................................................................................. 33 atestacia............................................................................................ 33 bavSvTa uflebaTa konvencia............................................................ 33 bakalavri............................................................................................ 34 bakalavriati...................................................................................... 34 gamocdebis erovnuli centri.......................................................... 34 ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnuli centri................................. 35 genderi................................................................................................ 35 gzamkvlevi........................................................................................... 36 diagrama.............................................................................................. 36 diplomi............................................................................................... 36 direqcia.............................................................................................. 37 diskriminacia..................................................................................... 37 erovnuli profesiuli saagento..................................................... 37 erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centri....................... 37 eqsterni.............................................................................................. 38 vauCeri................................................................................................ 38 zogadi ganaTlebis sistema.............................................................. 38 zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba............................................ 39 TanasworTa swavleba......................................................................... 39 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb................................................. 39 klasteri............................................................................................. 39 krediti (evropuli sakredito sistema (ECTS)............................ 40 licenzireba.........................................................................................41 magistratura..................................................................................... 42 magistri.............................................................................................. 42 maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri....................... 42 maswavleblis asistenti................................................................... 43 maswavleblis profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi.................................... 43 maswavleblobis maZiebeli................................................................ 44 matrica............................................................................................... 44 mentori............................................................................................... 44 miznobrivi jgufi.............................................................................. 44 monacemTa baza.................................................................................... 45 pedagogika........................................................................................... 45 pedagogiuri personali.................................................................... 46 pedagogiuri sabWo............................................................................ 46 profesia.............................................................................................. 46 profesiuli ganaTleba..................................................................... 46 profesiuli ganviTareba.................................................................. 47 profesiuli saganmanaTleblo standarti..................................... 47 profesiuli standarti.................................................................... 47 profesiuli studenti...................................................................... 47 profesiuli swavlebis centri/profesiuli saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba.......................................... 47 sagnobrivi kaTedra........................................................................... 47 sameurveo sabWo................................................................................. 47 saxelobo ganaTleba.......................................................................... 48 sertifikati....................................................................................... 48 skolis TviTSefasebis sistema......................................................... 49 skolis Sinaganawesi........................................................................... 50 umaRlesi profesiuli ganaTleba................................................... 50 uwyveti ganaTleba............................................................................. 50 fokus -jgufi (fokusirebuli diskusia)....................................... 50 formaluri profesiuli ganaTleba............................................... 52 SemTxvevis analizi (Seswavla)......................................................... 52 bibliografia..................................................................................... 54 winasityvaoba amjerad gTavazobT ganmartebiTi leqsikonis meore nawils. masSi Sevida 100-mde termini. gansakuTrebuli aqcenti gakeTda ganaTlebis sferoSi arsebul Teoriebze. ganmartebiTi leqsikoni pedagogebs, ganaTlebis specialistebs, ganaTlebis fsiqologebs da sxva dainteresebul pirebs gaacnobs im ZiriTad terminebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi, saswavlo gegmebis pilotirebis da danergvis treningprogramaSi da, zogadad, ukavSirdeba ganaTlebis sistemis reformas da mis safuZvelze ganxorcielebul swavlebisa da swavlis Tanamedrove gagebas. leqsikoni struqturirebulia Semdegnairad: terminebi dajgufebulia oTx ZiriTad kategoriaSi: unar-Cvevebi, Teoriebi, saswavlo procesi da ganaTlebis sistema. TiToeul kategoriaSi ki terminebi dalagebulia anbanTrigze. ganmartebiTi leqsikoni gankuTvnilia ganaTlebis sferoSi moRvawe sxvadasxva profesiis adamianebisTvis. es leqsikoni maT daexmareba gamoyenebul leqsikaSi erTnairi mniSvnelobebi mianiWon yovel termins. es maT gauadvilebT saswavlo miznebis miRwevas da xels Seuwyobs maT Soris profesiuli dialogis warmarTvas. aseve, leqsikoni daexmareba maswavleblebs sasertifikacio gamocdebisaTvis momzadebaSi. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centri 2008 weli unar-Cvevebi unar-Cvevebi: asertuloba - asertuloba aris adamianis unari, Tamamad gamoxatos sakuTari azri sxvisi Seuracxyofis gareSe da sxvebTan daamyaros efeqturi komunikacia. am dros adamiani pativs scems sakuTar Tavs da sxvebs. asertuloba aZlevs adamians sxvebTan Ria komunikaciis saSualebas. asertuli qceva aZlevs saSualebas adamians rom daicvas sakuTari pozicia, maSinac ki, roca sxvebs gansxavebuli azri aqvT. asertuli qceva gulisxmobs Semdegi unarebis gamoyenebas: 1. uaris Tqma: rogor Tqva “ara” Sesatyvis situaciaSi da Sesatyvis dros. sakuTari piziciis gamoxatva - “ara, ar SemiZlia” mizezebis axsna - “dRes dakavebuli var” gageba - “imedi maqvs, rom TqvenTvis Sesabamis sxva saqmes moZebniT” 2. grZnobebis gamoxatva: uTxra adamianebs, Tu ras grZnob. dadebiTi grZnobebis gamoxatva: “Sen Zalian kargad Seasrule davaleba” uaryofiTi grZnobebis gamoxatva: “Senma saqcielma me guli matkina” 3. Txovna: informaciis, ganmartebis miRebis Txovna. problemis Camoyalibeba / ganmartebis Txovna: “me Tqven ori urTierTsawinaaRmdego davaleba momeciT; Tu SeiZleba, “SegiZliaT amixsnaT, zustad ra gsurT, rom gavakeTo?” kognicia - kognicia aris Semecneba, informaciis gadamuSavebis sxvadasxva operaciaTa erToblioba, dawyebuli informaciis miRebiT da dasrulebuli misi gadamuSavebiT. kognituri - SemecnebiTi. kompetencia - kompetencia niSnavs konkretuli amocanis SesrulebisaTvis saWiro unars. igi moicavs unarebis, codnisa da qcevis erTobliobas. unar-Cvevebi metakognicia - metakognicia niSnavs sakuTari SemecnebiTi (azrovnebis) procesebis – azrebis, fiqrebis – gacnobierebas da marTvas. sxva sityvebiT, metakognicia aris azrovneba azrovnebis Sesaxeb. es aris codna sakuTari kognituri sistemisa da misi funqcionirebis Sesaxeb da misi kontrolis unari. metakogniciis dros xdeba imis Semecneba, Tu ra viciT (metakognituri codna), imis gacnobiereba, Tu ras vakeTebT, rogor viqceviT (metakognituri unari), an rogoria Cveni mimdinare kognituri da emociuri mdgomareoba (metakognituri SegrZneba). metakognicia moicavs metakomponentebs – marTvis procesebs, romlebic informaciis gadamuSavebis konkretul procesebs aregulireben. es komponentebia: problemis arsebobis aRiareba, problemis gacnobiereba da im procesebis amorCeva, romlebic gamodgeba problemis gadasaWrelad, strategiis arCeva, mentaluri reprezentaciis SerCeva, gonebrivi resursebis ganawileba, problemis gadawyvetis msvlelobaze kontroli, problemis gadawyvetis efeqtianobis Sefaseba. rodesac metakognicia exeba sakuTari swavlis procesebis gacnobierebas, maSin adgili aqvs swavlis swavlas - adamianis mier sakuTari swavlis marTvas, romelic moicavs swavlis dagegmvas, Sefasebas da mudmiv monitorings. socialuri kognicia - socialuri kognicia anu Semecneba exeba pirovnebis mier sxva adamianebis azrebis, grZnobebis da ganzraxvebis gacnobierebis process. socialuri Semecneba safuZvlad udevs socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. kerZod, socialur Semecnebas mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravs imas, Tu rogori damokidebuleba Camouyalibdeba bavSvs sxva bavSvebis da ufrosebis mimarT; rogor ganuviTardeba mas sxvaTa pativiscemisa da urTierTgagebis Cvevebi, rac Cveni erovnuli saswavlo gegmis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizania. tolerantoba - tolerantoba aris adamianis SesaZlebloba aRiaros, pativi sces an gaiTvaliswinos sxva adamianis rwmena, qceva, Rirebulebebi. tolerantuli Rirebulebebis ganviTarebis mizania, rom moswavleebs SeeZloT araZaladobis gziT gansxvavebul kulturis, rasis, sqesisa da religiis mqone adamianebTan efeqturi urTierTobis damyareba. Teoriebi Teoriebi: gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb amerikelma fsiqologma h. gardnerma (Gardner, 1943-) ganaviTara “mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Teoria,” romlis mixedviT arsebobs 8 erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli inteleqtis saxe da misi Sesabamisi swavlis stili. inteleqtis es saxeebia: lingvisturi, maTematikur-logikuri, vizualur-sivrciTi, sxeulebriv-kinesTetikuri, musikaluri, interpersonaluri, intrapersonaluri da naturalisturi (ix. TiToeuli tipis ganmarteba anbanuri TanmimdevrobiT). TiToeul bavSvs gaaCnia zemoT CamoTvlili inteleqtis ramdenime saxeoba. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebeli acnobierebdes sxvadasxva adamianis sxvadasxva xarisxiT midrekilebas sxvadasxva inteleqtisadmi, rom moswavleebs sakuTari SesaZleblobebis mravalmxrivad gamoxatvis da ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba misces. golmanis Teoria emociuri inteleqtis Sesaxeb - amerikeli fsiqologi golmani (Goleman, 1946-) ayalibebs Teorias emociuri inteleqtis Sesaxeb, romelic aris adamianis unari, gaigos sakuTari grZnobebi, gamoxatos sxvis mimarT empaTia da moaxdinos emociebis efeqturi regulireba/marTva. sainteresoa, rom emociuri inteleqtis done/xarisxi ar dgindeba gonebrivi inteleqtis sazomi testebiT. am Teoriis mixedviT, adamianis warmatebis winaswarmetyvelebisaTvis ufro mniSvnelovania maRali donis emociuri inteleqtis qona, vidre maRali donis zogadi inteleqtisa. ganasxvaveben emociuri inteleqtis xuT ZiriTad unars: TviTSemecneba, TviTregulacia, motivacia, empaTia da socialuri unar-Cvevebi. TviTSemecnebis dros adamiani acnobierebs sakuTar gancdebs, rac mas exmareba gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da sakuTari SesaZleblobebis sworad SefasebaSi. TviTregulacia gulisxmobs adamianis mier sakuTari emociebis marTvis unars, rac moicavs stresuli situaciebis daZlevas, imedgacruebis da marcxis gadatanas. Teoriebi motivacia gulisxmobs miznis misaRwevad iniciativis sakuTar Tavze aRebis unars. empaTia anu Tanagancda niSnavs sxva adamianebis grZnobebis gagebis unars. am emociur unars sxvanairad “adamianuri urTierTobis” unarsac uwodeben. es aris sxva adamianebis TanagrZnobasa da emociebis gagebaze damyarebuli urTierTobis unari, romelic mJRavndeba sxvebis mimarT keTilganwyobasa da socialuri situaciebis swor SefasebaSi. mkvlevarebi fiqroben, rom emociuri komunikaciis 90% araverbaluria. sxva emociuri unarebis msgavsad, empaTia aris Sinagani Tviseba, romelic yalibdeba gamocdilebiT. Cvili bavSvebi 3 wlis asakSi ganicdian empaTias, roca isini gamoxataven wuxils sxva bavSvis tirilze. ufro patara asakSic ki bavSvebi imitaciis saSualebiT swavloben reaqciis gamoxatvas sxva adamianis mwuxarebaze. Tumca am unaris ganviTarebisTvis saWiroa ufrosebma SeamCnion da xeli Seuwyon maTi emociebis ganmtkicebas. socialuri unar-Cvevebi, Tavis mxriv, moicavs: (1) urTierTobis warmarTvisa da socialuri situaciebis zusti aRqmis unars; (2) urTierTobis dros zomierebis dacvas; (3) sxvebis advilad dayoliebis, liderobis, molaparakebebisa da diskusiebis warmarTvis unars da (4) urTierTTanamSromlobisa da gunduri muSaobis safuZvelze problemebis gadaWris unars. gansakuTebiT mniSvnelovania emociuri inteleqtis unarCvevebis ganviTareba skolaSi. skolas SeuZlia moaxdinos “emociuri ganaTlebis” programis danergva. es programa aswavlis moswavleebs sibraziT, imedgacruebiT da martoobiT gamowveuli emociebis marTvas. ganaTlebis specialistebi miuTiTeben amgvari unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis did mniSvnelobaze, radgan moswavleebi, romlebic depresiaSi an gabrazebulni arian da konfliqtebi aqvT TanatolebTan, ver SesZleben swavlaSi warmatebis miRwevas. diuis ganaTlebis koncefcia - amerikeli filosofosi, fsiqologi da ganaTlebis specialisti jon diui (Dewey, 1859- 10 Teoriebi 1952) aris progresuli ganaTlebis principebis aqtiuri ideologi. misi ganaTlebis koncefcia efuZneba or ZiriTad amosavals: (1) ganaTleba unda emyarebodes gamocdilebas, radgan gamocdileba mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravs adamianis momavals da (2) ganaTleba socialuri funqciis matarebeli unda iyos, radgan swored ideebisa da gamocdilebis gaziarebiT miiRweva socialuri progresi. ganaTlebaSi diuis gavlenam gamoxatuleba hpova gamocdilebiTi ganaTlebis koncefciaSi. am koncefciis mixedviT, ganaTleba gamocdilebis ganviTarebaa. tradiciul skolaSi moswavleebi iReben gamocdilebas, magram ar SeuZliaT misi dakavSireba momavalTan, misi cxovrebiseul situaciaSi gamoyeneba. gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli ganaTlebis ZiriTadi problemaa iseTi awmyo gamocdilebis SerCeva, romelic nayofierad da SemoqmedebiTad aamoqmedebs moswavles. Sesabamisad, saWiroa axali ganaTlebisaTvis Sesaferisi masalebis, meTodebisa da socialuri urTierTobebis SemuSaveba, romlebic uzrunvelyofen ganaTlebis Tanmimdevrul uwyvetobas da gangrZobiTobas. TiToeuli gamocdileba, romelsac adamiani SeiZens, cvlis mas, rogorc am gamocdilebaSi monawiles da momdevno gamocdilebaSi raRaciT Secvlili, gansxvavebuli adamiani gadadis. adamianis yoveli gamocdileba misi ganviTarebis mamoZravebeli Zalaa. igi gavlenas axdens survilebis, miznebis da damokidebulebebis Camoyalibebaze. pedagogis movaleobaa saTanadod Seafasos ra mimarTulebiT viTardeba axalgazrdis gamocdileba, ra damokidebulebebi da tendenciebi uyalibdeba mas, raTa ganasxvavos, maT Soris romelia Semdgomi zrdisTvis xelSemwyobi da romeli - saziano. amisaTvis ki mas unda hqondes moswavleTa gagebis unari da maT mimarT keTilganwyobili unda iyos. amavdroulad, pedagogebma unda icodnen, Tu rogori garemo uwyobs xels samomavlo zrdisa da ganviTarebisTvis xelsayreli gamocdilebis SeZenas da rogor gamoiyenon arsebuli fizikuri da socialuri garemo am miznebisTvis. ufro metic, saWiroa Seiqmnas ganaTlebis iseTi sistema, romelic obieqtur pirobebs sistematurad dauqvemdebarebs individTa “Sida,” subieqtur pirobebs, anu maswavlebeli, wigni, saswavlo inventari moemsaxureba mozardTa uSualo midrekilebebis 11 Teoriebi gamovlenasa da ganviTarebas. amrigad, maswavlebelma sworad unda gansazRvros is garemo, romelic efeqtur urTierTqmedebaSi mova moswavleTa kompetenciasTan da moTxovnilebebTan, rac xels Seuwyobs Rirebuli gamocdilebis dagrovebas. swavlebis meTodebis SerCeva unda moxdes imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra sargeblobas moutans igi konkretul dros konkretul adamians. amavdroulad, pedagogis movaleobaa TiToeuli individis da sagnis codnis safuZvelze SearCios iseTi saswavlo jgufuri aqtivobebi, romelSic yvela individs SeuZlia sakuTari wvlili Seitanos da romelSic yvela moswavle erTad monawileobs. am situaciaSi maswavlebels ekisreba pasuxismgebloba ise warmarTos moswavleTa urTierTobebi, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes jgufis, rogorc erTi organizmis, muSaoba. amgvarad, maswavlebeli jgufuri saqmianobis lideris funqcias iZens. meore mxriv, azrovnebis da pirovnebis ganviTarebisaTvis metad miSvnelovania garkveuli Tavisuflebis xarisxi, romelic moswavleebs ganuviTarebs miznebis dasaxvisa da am miznebis ganxorcielebis unarebs. diuis azriT, aseve mniSvnelovania Tavisuflebis garegnuli mxarec. kerZod, fizikuri Tavisufleba, radgan mxolod fizikurad Tavisufal garemoSi aris SesaZlebeli moswavleebma gamoavlinon Tavisi namdvili buneba, xolo siCume da usityvo morCileba xels uSlis maswavlebels gaicnos moswavleebi. amgvarad, gamocdilebiTi ganaTlebis erT-erTi mTavari ideaa saswavlo saqmianobaSi moswavleTa maRali CarTulobis uzrunvelyofa, rac SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes e.w. ”keTebiT swavlebis” da ”socialuri swavlebis” dros. vizualur- sivrciTi inteleqtis mqone adamianebi - am tipis inteleqtis mqone adamianebs aqvT vizualuri (mxedvelobiT mocemuli) samyaros zusti aRqmisa da vizualuri gamocdilebis gamoyenebis kargi unari. isini yvelaze kargad swavloben vizualuri warmodgenebis (xati, ferebi, suraTebi, grafikuli naxatebi) saSualebiT da iyeneben maT xelovnebis dargSi sxvadasxva saqmianobebis dros (ix. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb). 12 Teoriebi interpersonaluri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi - am inteleqtis tipis adamianebs aqvT sakuTari samuSaos kargad dauflebisa da sxvebis motivirebis unari. maT SeuZliaT sxvaTa grZnobebis, xasiaTisa da survilebis Tanagancda. TanaugrZnoben sxvebs, esmiT maTi “gasaWiri,” xSirad asruleben mediatoris an lideris rols ama Tu im konfliqtis mogvarebaSi. isini yvelaze kargad sxvebTan urTierTobisas swavloben (ix. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb). intrapersonaluri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi - am tipis inteleqtis mqone individebs aqvT sakuTari Tavis Secnobis, sakuTari cxovrebisa da swavlis procesis marTvis unari. isini kargad icnoben sakuTar Tavs, kargad xvdebian, ra surT da cdiloben sakuTari miznebis ganxorcielebas. es exmareba maT gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros arsebuli codnis sworad gamoyenebaSi. aseTi tipis adamianebs uyvarT marto da damoukideblad muSaoba. isini yvelaze kargad “marto” swavloben (ix. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb). kolbis Teoria swavlis stilis Sesaxeb - amerikeli ganaTlebis specialisti d. kolbi (Kolb, 1939-) gvTavazobs zrdasrulTa swavlis Teorias, e.w. ”zrdasrulTa swavlis cikls,” romelic aRweriTi xasiaTisaa. am ciklis mixedviT, arsebobs swavlis oTxi safexuri, romlebic erTmaneTs mosdevs. swavla iwyeba konkretuli gamocdilebis miRebiT, romelsac mosdevs am gamocdilebis gacnobiereba ukve arsebul codnaze dayrdnobiT (pirovnuli refleqsia). es SesaZloa gagrZeldes zogadi wesebis da kanonzomierebebis aRmoCeniT (cnebebis da Teoriebis Camoyalibeba, ganzogadeba) da damTavrdes maTi gamocdiT manamde arsebuli gamocdilebis gasaumjobeseblad. kolbis mixedviT, maswavlebeli unda iTvaliswinebdes am safexurebs da moswavles usvamdes iseT SekiTxvebs, romlebic xels Seuwyobs am safexurebis ZiriTadi amocanebis Sesrulebas. esenia: konkretuli gamocdilebis miReba, refleqsia, ganzogadeba, ideebis gamocda. swavlis ciklis safuZvelze kolbma Tavis kolegebTan erTad Camoayaliba swavlis tipebis klasifikacia. maT Seqmnes 13 Teoriebi kvlevis specialuri instrumenti, romelic adgens imas, Tu swavlis romel tips miekuTvneba individi. d. kolbis klasifikacia eyrdnoba or ganzomilebas, kerZod, (1) horizontalurs - amocanis da moswavlis urTierTqmedebis da (2) vertikalurs - moswavlis azrovnebis da emociuri procesebis xasiaTs. horizontaluri ganzomilebis marcxniv gvaqvs amocanis Sesruleba (keTeba, dagegmva, hipoTezis Semowmeba), xolo marjvniv - amocanaze dakvirveba (ganWvreta, refleqsia, ganxilva); vertikaluri ganzomilebis SemTxvevaSi ki zeda nawilSi gvaqvs konkretuli gamocdileba (grZnoba da SegrZneba), xolo qveda nawilSi - abstraqtuli azrovneba (ganzogadeba) da daskvnis gakeTeba. konkretuli gamocdileba (SegrZneba/ grZnoba) aqtiurad moqmedi refleqturad moazrovne refleqsia / dakvirveba (ganxilva/yureba) hipoTezis gamocda - axali situacia (keTeba/dagegmva) pragmatisti Teoreti kosi abstraqcia da ganzogadeba (azrovneba/daskvna) 14 Teoriebi kolbis klasifikaciis mixedviT, gamoiyofa swavlebis oTxi tipi. aqtiurad moqmedi individi swavlobs keTebiT, qmedebiT. upiratesobas aniWebs axal, saintereso gamocdilebas. igi aqtiurad erTveba proeqtebSi, jgufur diskusiebSi, problemebis gadawyvetaSi, TamaSebSi da simulaciebSi. misi ZiriTadi filosofiaa ”erTxel yvelaferi unda scado.” pragmatisti swavlobs azrovnebiT, fiqriT. mas axasiaTebs ideebis, Teoriebis gadasinjva, raTa darwmundes maT WeSmaritebaSi. cdilobs axali ideebis praqtikaSi danergvas, uyvars praqtikuli problemebis gadaWra da damoukideblad swavla. xSirad svams kiTxvas: ”rogor SemiZlia amis praqtikaSi ganxorcileba?” misi ZiriTadi filosofiaa - ”Tuki praqtikaSi amarTlebs, e.i. kargia.” Teoretikosi swavlobs dakvirvebiT da ganWvretiT. misTvis ideebi Zalzed mniSvnelovania, xSirad svavs kiTxvas ”amas aqvs azri?”, swavlis dros axasiaTebs analitikuri, konceptualuri midgoma, romelic mWidrod ukavSirdeba logikur azrovnebas da racionalur Sefasebas. is ukeT sawavlobs direqtivebis saSualebiT, rodesac meti yuradReba eTmoba Teoriebs da sistemur analizs. misi ZiriTadi filosofiaa - ”Tu logikuria, e.i. kargia.” refleqturad moazrovne swavlobs SegrZnebebsa da gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT. misTvis jgufSi da wyvilebSi muSaobiT miRebuli gamocdileba yovelTvis Sedegiania, mas ainteresebs adamianebTan urTierTobis emociuri elementebi. misi ZiriTadi filosofiaa - ”asjer gazome, erTxel gaWeri.” kolbergis moralurobis ganviTarebis Teoria - amerikeli fsiqologis, lourens kolbergis (Kohlberg, 1927-1987) Teoria exeba imas, Tu rogor xdeba adamianis moraluri ganviTareba. es ukanaskneli exeba pirovnebis unars, aRiqvas da gaigos sxva adamianebis gansxavebuli perspeqtivebi. roluri unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc moraluri ganviTarebis erT-erTi adreuli safexuri. moralurobis ganviTareba iwyeba 12 wlidan, rodesac mozardisaTvis mTavar amocanas warmoadgens ”sakuTari Tavis identurobis” formireba. bavSvi svams kiTxvebs: “vin var me?” “ra aris CemTvis mniSvnelovani cxovrebaSi?” igi iwyebs sakuTari socialuri kogniciis gagebas, anu cdilobs gaigos, Tu rogor aRiqvamen mas sxvebi. 15 Teoriebi kolbergis mixedviT, bavSvi iqceva sakuTari moraluri gansjis mixedviT, rac gansxvavebulia misi ganviTarebis sxvadasxva safexurze. igi gamoyofs moralurobis ganviTarebis Semdeg sam dones: pre-konvencionalurs, konvencionalurs da post-konvencionalurs, aseve masSi Semaval eqvs sxvadasxva safexurs. pirveli done: pre-konvencionaluri I safexuri: usityvo morCileba (5-6 wlis asaki, baRis periodi) – dasja, waxaliseba; am safexurze bavSvebi moralurobas ganixilaven, rogorc maT gareT, maTgan damukideblad arsebul movlenas. isini fiqroben, rom garkveuli Zalauflebis mqone adamianebi amkvidreben qcevis wesebs, romelsac isini unda daemorCilon. amgvarad, am safexurisTvis damaxasiaTebelia wesebis morCileba, raTa Tavidan aicilon dasja (kargi an cudi saqcieli ganisazRvreba imiT, mohyveba Tu ara mas fizikuri Sedegebi); II safexuri: samarTlianoba/individualoba da gacvla (dawyebiTi klasebi) – pirovnuli jildos miRebis orientacia; am safexurze bavSvebi acnobiereben, rom sxvadasxva adamianebs sxvadasxva Sexedulebebi aqvT. isini fiqroben, rogorc gancalkevebuli individebi da orientirebulebi arian pirovnul jildoze. maT msjelobaSi ar Cans identifikacia ojaxisa da sazogadoebis RirebulebebTan. amgvarad, am safexurze piradi moTxovnileba gansazRvravs, imas, Tu ra aris swori da ra araswori; meore done: konvencionaluri III safexuri: pirovnebaTaSorisi konformuloba (Sua da maRali klasebi, “Tineijerobis” sawyisi etapi) - orientacia ~kargi gogo/kargi biWi~ (qcevas ganapirobebs sxvebis mowoneba da sxvebisTvis siamovnebis miniWeba); IV safexuri: sistemis mimarT pasuxismgebloba (maRali klasebi da ‘Tineijerobis’ gviani etapi) - orientacia ~kanoni da wesrigi~ (wesebis dacva, avtoritetis pativiscema, socialuri wesrigis SenarCuneba); 16 Teoriebi mesame done: post-konvencionaluri V safexuri: principuli sindisi (mozrdili) - socialuri kontraqtis orientacia (kargi ganisazRvreba adamianis uflebebis socialurad SeTanxmebuli standartebiT. mag. konstitucia. am safexurze adamianebi fiqroben, rom yvela sazogadoebas aqvs Tavisi socialurad SeTanxmebuli standartebi); VI safexuri: universaluri eTikuri principi - universaluri eTikuri principis orientacia (kargi ganisazRvreba samarTlianobis, adamianis Rirsebis da Tanasworobis abstraqtuli cnebebis individualuri gacnobierebis safuZvelze; adamianebi fiqroben, rom arsebobs universaluri eTika, romelsac mTliani sazogadoeba unda eTanxmebodes); mozardebis umravlesoba imyofeba moralurobis ganviTarebis mesame, pirovnebaTaSorisi konformulobis safexuze: Tu sxvebs kargi warmodgena eqnebaT Cemze, Sesabamisad, mec kargi warmodgena meqneba sakuTar Tavze. moralurobis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, gadamwyvetia, rom mozards am asakSi vaswavloT damoukidebloba da Tantolebis zewolisagan Tavis daRweva. lingvisturi inteleqtis mqone adamianebi - am tipis inteleqtis mqone adamianebs gaaCniaT metyvelebis kargi unari. SeuZliaT kiTxva, wera, metyveleba. arsebobs profesiebi (magaliTad, advokati, Jurnalisti da a.S.), romlebic moiTxovs am unar-Cvevebs. enisadmi midrekilebis mqone adamianebs saubris dros uyvarT metaforebis, iumoristuli gamonaTqvamebis xmareba. maT, agreTve, uyvarT sityvebiT TamaSi, enis gasatexebi, anekdotebi da a.S. adamianebs, romlebSic Zlieradaa ganviTarebuli am tipis inteleqti, gamorCeulebi arian skolaSic, radgan SeuZliaT azris naTlad gamoxatva rogorc zepirad, ise werilobiT (ix. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb). maTematikur-logikuri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi - am tipis inteleqtis mqone adamianebs aqvT abstraqtuli problemebis gadaWris, maTematikuri da mecnieruli procesebis gagebis kargi unari. maT Tavisuflad SeuZliaT ricxvebiT ma- 17 Teoriebi nipulireba, problemebis gadawyveta, analitikuri azrovneba. isini kargad axerxeben monacemebis interpretacias, cxrilebis dalagebas, abstraqtul kvlevasa da wvdebian abstraqtul mimarTebebs. isini “Zlierebi” arian maTematikasa da sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi. es individebi kargad swavloben eqsperimentis, kvlevis dagegmvas, TviTonac akeTeben aRmoCenebs. maT moswonT strategiuli TamaSebi (ix. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb). musikaluri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi - am tipis inteleqtis mqone adamianebs aqvT bgeris simaRlis, tonis da ritmis SegrZnebis kargi unari. maT uadvildebaT musikis saSualebiT swavla, azrisa da grZnobebis gamoxatva (ix. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb). `naturalisturi” inteleqtis mqone adamianebi - am tipis inteleqtis mqone adamianebs aqvT bunebisa da gare samyaros wvdomis unari. maT aqvT gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba gare samyarosadmi da sakmaod mgrZnobiareni arian samyaros “harmoniuli” da “araharmoniuli” movlenebisadmi. isini swavloben garemoSi arsebuli movlenebis urTierTdamokidebulebasa da cvlilebebs droSi. isini kargad icnoben garemos da “SeSfoTebas” gamoTqvamen im “mavne” zemoqmedebis gamo, romelsac adamiani axdens bunebaze. maT gaaCniaT “samarTlianobis” grZnoba (ix. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb). perkinsis Teoria swavlis Sesaxeb - ganaTlebis specialisti devid perkinsis (Perkins, 1992) “Teoria erTi” ganixilavs informaciis miwodebis im formebs, romlebic xels uwyobs azrovnebis amoqmedebas da, Sesabamisad, efeqtur swavlasa da swavlebas. am Teoriis mixedviT, adamiani swavlobs imas, risi swavlis logikuri SesaZleblobac da motivaciac aqvs mas. ”Teoria erTis” mixedviT, raimes kargad Semecneba moiTxovs Semdegi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebas: 1. naTeli informacia: miznebis da mosalodneli Sedegebis gansazRvra; 2. SemecnebiTi praqtika: aqtiuri da saazrovno procesebiT 18 Teoriebi datvirTuli praqtika imaSi, rasac moswavle swavlobs; 3. gamoxmaureba: rCevebi da Sefaseba, raTa moswavlem ukeTes Sedegebs miaRwios; 4. Zlieri Sinagani da garegani motivacia: damajildovebeli aqtivobebi an davalebebi, romlebic TavisTavad sainteresoa moswavlisaTvis, an exmareba mas sxva miznebis miRwevaSi; ”Teoria erTis” saklaso praqtikaSi gamoyeneba gulisxmobs maswavleblis mier moswavlisaTvis naTeli informaciisa da Sesabamisi ukukavSiris miwodebas, gaazrebuli praqtikis SeTavazebas, rac aRZravs moswavlis Sinagan da garegan motivacias. naTeli informacia gulisxmobs imas, Tu “ra,” “rogor” da “rodis” unda gakeTdes. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli Tvalyurs adevnebs, ramdenad gaiges moswavleebma miwodebuli informacia. maTi Secdomebis analizis safuZvelze maswavlebeli cdilobs ipovos is gzebi, romlebic moswavleebs daexmareba, ukeT gaigon mocemuli sakiTxi. ”Teoria erTis” amoqmedebas xels uwyobs swavlebis Semdegi meTodebi: didaqtikuri, sokratuli, praqtikuli da socialuri, romlebic exmareba moswavles azrovnebis aqtivaciaSi. perkinsis azriT, kargad azrovneba gulisxmobs sakuTari azrovnebis procesebis marTvas, romelic moicavs Semdegis gaazrebas: ra SekiTxvebi unda dausva sakuTar Tavs, rogor unda gamoiyeno problemis gadaWris strategiebi, rogor unda moaxdino sakuTari azrovnebis monitoringi (Semowmeba) da warmarTo igi swori mimarTulebiT da a.S. es erTgvarad hgavs sakuTari azrovnebis Seswavlas anu refleqsias (TviT-gancdas, gacnobierebas), metakognicias. rojersis gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli swavleba - amerikeli fsiqologi karl rojersi (Rogers, 1902-1987) aris humanisturi fsiqologiis fuZemdebeli. man Camoayaliba moswavlis gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli (Student centered learning) swavlebis idea, rodesac swavlebis procesSi maqsimalurad xdeba moswavlis survilebisa da saWiroebebis gaTvaliswineba. gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli swavlebis dros moswavle TviTon aris aqtiuri da iniciativiani. igi acnobierebs im mizezebs, 19 Teoriebi romlebic xels uwyobs misi swavlisadmi interesebis gazrdas. gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli swavleba pirovnebis cvlilebisa da zrdis eqvivalenturia. rojersis mixedviT, adamianebs swavlis bunebrivi niWi gaaCniaT. maswavleblis roli swored is aris, rom swavlebis procesSi Seqmnas iseTi atmosferi, sadac moswavles SeeZleba aseTi niWis gamovlena. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom maswavlebelma: Seqmnas pozitiuri garemo swavlebisaTvis; sworad Camoayalibos swavlebis mizani; sistemaSi moiyvanos saswavlo resursebi da gaxados moswavleebisTvis xelmisawvdomi; moaxdinos swavlebis inteleqtualuri da emociuri komponentebis gawonasworeba; SeZlos, rom ar iyos dominanti, iziarebdes moswavlis gancdebsa da azrebs. rojersis mixedviT, swavleba sasurveli maSinaa, roca (1) moswavle srulad aris CarTuli swavla-swavlebis procesSi; (2) moswavle awydeba praqtikul, kvleviT problemebs, risi saSualebiTac swavla ufro metad morgebuli xdeba individis saWiroebebze; (3) moswavle mudmivad afasebs sakuTar Tavs, rac misi progresisa da warmatebis Sefasebis ZiriTadi meTodia. rojersi, agreTve, miuTiTebs mudmivi cvlilebebis aucileblobaze swavlebis procesSi, rac zrdis moswavlis motivacias. rojersis mixedviT, 1. swavleba ufro nayofieria, Tu sagnis Sinaarsi da pirovnebis interesi erTmaneTs emTxveva. 2. saWiroa axali midgomebisa da perspeqtivebis moZebna, rac ar gamoiwvevs pirovnebis daTrgunvas. 3. swavlebis procesi swrafad mimdinareobs, Tu aseTi SiSis koeficienti dabalia. 4. yvelaze produqtulia iniciativiani anu stimulis mimcemi swavleba. socialur-kognituri Teoria (bandura, miSeli) - socialurkognituri Teoriis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebis, a. banduras 20 Teoriebi (Bandura, 1925-) da miSelis (Mischel, 1930-) mixedviT, swavla da ganviTareba efuZneba ara mxolod pirad gamocdilebis SeZenis process, aramed, umetesad, sxva adamianTa qcevaze dakvirvebasa da modelirebas. swavla dakvirvebis saSualebiT niSnavs unars sxva adamianze dakvirvebis Sedegad qcevis rTuli nimuSebis aTvisebis unars. am unaris saSualebiT adamianebs SeuZliaT ganWvriton qcevis SesaZlo Sedegebi (sxvis magaliTze) da Tavidan aicilon arasasurveli Secdomebi. adamians, romelsac akvirdebian, models uwodeben, xolo modelze dakvirvebis gziT adamianis mier garkveuli moqmedebebis an qcevis aTvisebis process - modelirebas. modelirebis Teoriis mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens gansxvaveba aTvisebasa da Sesrulebas Soris. esa Tu is moqmedeba an qceva bavSvma SeiZleba aiTvisos, iswavlos, magram moxdeba Tu ara aTvisebuli qcevis ganxorcieleba, mibaZva - es damokidebulia qcevis mosalodnel waxalisebaze an dasjaze. dakvirvebis Sedegad xdeba axali gamocdilebis SeZena, magram misi qcevaSi realizaciis albaToba izrdeba maSin, roca es qceva waxalisebulia. kerZod, mibaZvis albaToba izrdeba a) Tu damkvirvebeli garkveul sargebels naxulobs modelis qcevis gameorebiT; b) Tu TviT modeli dajildoebulia (mag. mocekvavis aplodismentebi zrdis axalgazrda, damwyebi mocekvavisTvis misi mibaZvis albaTobas); g) Tu models maRali socialuri statusi aqvs; d) Tu modeli keTilganwyobilia damkvirveblis mimarT; e) Tu arsebobs emociuri Sesatyvisoba modelsa da damkvirvebels Soris. modelze dakvirvebis gziT bavSvi arapirdapir, iribad iTvisebs garkveul emociur reaqciebsac. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, bavSvebi dakvirvebis gziT swavloben ara mxolod konkretul qcevebs, aramed iseT emociur reaqciebsac, rogorebicaa SiSi an sixaruli. dakvirvebis gziT emociuri reaqciebis swavlis process irib ganmtkicebas uwodeben. miuxedavad imisa, rom swavla dakvirvebis gziT Zalian Zlier zegavlenas axdens adamianze, ar unda vifiqroT, rom es avtomaturad xdeba da Cven ganwirulni varT brmad mivdioT (mivbaZoT) sxva adamianebs. bavSvebs hyavT mravali modeli. esenia: mSoblebi, da-Zmebi, maswavleblebi, Tanatolebi, literaturu- 21 Teoriebi li gmirebi, satelevizio personaJebi da sxv. modelis arCevas gansazRvravs, erTi mxriv, bavSvis ganviTarebis etapebi, xolo meore mxriv - bavSvis uSualo gamocdileba. bavSvebi zrdasTan erTad sul ufro aqtiurad irCeven models dasakvirveblad da misabaZad. selmanis Teoria socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb - amerikeli fsiqologis, robert selmanis (Selman, 1980) Teoria exeba socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. misi azriT, adamianis Semecnebis (azrovnebis, kogniciis) ganviTarebasTan erTad xdeba socialuri unar-Cvevebis etapobrivi ganviTarebac. socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli roluri unar-Cvevebis - movlenaTa socialuri konteqstis sxvadasxva perspeqtividan, sxvadasxva kuTxidan xedvis da Sefasebis unaris ganviTarebaze. sxvis rolSi Sesvlis unaris arqona bavSvs xels uSlis dainaxos movlenebi sxva adamianis perspeqtividan. garda amisa, sxvis rolSi Sesvlis unaris gareSe bavSvs uWirs sxva adamianis grZnobebisadmi empaTiis gamoxatva. es unari viTardeba bavSvis asakobriv zrdasTan erTad. r. selmanma warmoadgina socialuri perspeqtivis ganviTarebis safexurebi. es exeba bavSvis socialuri, roluri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. kerZod, socialuri perspeqtivis ganviTarebis sawyis safexurze (”aradifrencirebuli perspeqtivis danaxva,” 3-dan 6 wlamde) bavSvebs uWirT ganasxvavon erTmaneTisagan, rom me-s da sxvebs gansxvavebuli fiqrebi da grZnobebi aqvT. meore safexurze (”socialur-informaciuli perspeqtivis danaxva,” 5-dan 9 wlamde) bavSvebs esmiT, rom sxvadasxvagvari perspeqtivebi SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes iqidan, rom adamianebi sxvadasxvagvar informacias floben. mesame safexuris dasawyisSi (”TviT-refleqsiuri me-s xedva”, 7-da 12 wlamde) xdeba mniSvnelovani clilebebi da bavSvs SeuZlia ganaviTaros sakuTari “me”-s xedva. am safexurze bavSvs SeuZlia ”sxvis tyavSi Sesvla” da sakuTari fiqrebis, grZnobebis da qcevebis sxva adamianis perspeqtividan danaxva. aseve, maT SeuZliaT imis gacnobierebac, rom sxvebsac SeswevT imaves gakeTebis unari. Semdgom safexurze (”sxvisi (mesame piris) perspeqtividan xedva”, 10-dan 15 wlamde) bavSvs uviTardeba 22 Teoriebi sxvisi (mesame piris) perspeqtividan xedvis SesaZlebloba. am droisTvis mas SeuZlia sxvebTan Tavisi urTierTobis garedan (ucxo TvaliT) danaxva. bolo safexuri iwyeba daaxloebiT 14 wlidan da cnobilia ”socialuri perspeqtivis xedvis” saxeliT. Tumca, es SesaZloa realurad ganviTardes mozardobis periodSi. am safexurze individis perspeqtivis xedvaze zegavlenas axdens socialur RirebulebaTa erTi an meti sistema. sxeulebriv-kinesTetikuri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi am tipis inteleqtis mqone adamianebs aqvT sxeulis marTvis, misi moZraobebis gakontrolebisa da Secvlis kargi unari. am tipis adamianebs kargad exerxebaT fizikuri aqtivobebi. isini yvelaze kargad “keTebis” procesSi, anu aqtiuri swavlebiT, moZraobebiT da samuSaos xeliT Sesrulebis dros swavloben (ix. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb). swavlebis bihevioristuli midgoma (skineri) – biheviorizmis erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenlis, amerikeli fsiqologis, b. f. skineris (Skinner, 1904-1990) mixedviT, adamianis qcevis CamoyalibebaSi gadamwyveti roli ekisreba gare faqtorebs da im gamocdilebas, romelsac igi socialur garemoSi iZens. pirovnuli Taviseburebebis miuxedavad, bavSvs SeuZlia nebismieri qcevis daswavla, Tu mas saTanado ganmtkiceba mohyveba. skinerma eqsperimentis safuZvelze daadgina, rom qcevis warmateba/warumatebloba gansazRvravs imas, moxdeba Tu ara am qcevis daswavla. swavlis am formas skinerma instrumentuli swavla uwoda. instrumentul swavlas safuZvlad udevs organizmis aqtiuri moqmedebebi garemoSi. Tu raime SemTxveviTi moqmedeba sasargeblo aRmoCndeba, misi ganmtkiceba xdeba miRweuli SedegiT. rogorc cnobilia, nebismier qcevas SeiZleba hqondes an ar hqondes Sedegi. uSedego qceva TandaTan ikargeba, daviwyebas eZleva. Sedegi SeiZleba ori saxisa iyos - sasimovno da usiamovno. sasiamovno Sedegis SemTxvevaSi, qcevis gameorebis albaToba izrdeba. rac Seexeba usiamovno Sedegs, igi amcirebs qcevis albaTobas, anu swavla ar xorcieldeba. qcevis momavalSi ganxorcielebis albaToba izrdeba ara mxolod maSin, rodesac am qcevas sasiamovno Sedegebi aqvs 23 Teoriebi (dadebiTi ganmtkiceba), aramed maSinac, rodesac qceva saSualebas aZlevs moswavles Tavi aaridos usiamovno Sedegs. amrigad, swavlis ori gza arsebobs: an sasiamovno Sedegi unda mohyves sasurvel qcevas, an bolo unda moeRos am qcevis usiamovno Sedegs. marTalia, miCneulia, rom dasja efeqturi meTodia garkveuli qcevis dasaswavlad, magram, sinamdvileSi, dasjis gziT arasasurveli qcevis aRmofxvras didi dro sWirdeba. amasTanave, dasjam SeiZleba gamoiwvios bavSvis fsiqikis darRveva, misi nevrotizacia. es Teoria ar iTvaliswinebs bavSvis pirovnebas da mis individualur Taviseburebebs da, am TvalsazrisiT, naklovani da calmxrivia. Tumca igi mniSvnelovania, radganac aRwers gare faqtorebis zegavleniT axali Cvevebis Camoyalibebis kanonzomierebebs. kerZod, es Teoria gvaswavlis, rom rogorc ki moswavle raime unars SeiZens, maswavlebelma mas unda daanaxos, rom es unari sasargebloa. maSasadame, pedagogebma ise unda moaxdinon saswavlo procesis organizeba, rom ganmtkiceba moxdes uSualod swavlis Semdeg. swavlis ganmtkicebas skolaSi, Cveulebriv, ganapirobebs raime davalebis warmatebiT Sesruleba. ganmtkicebis kidev erTi saxea maswavleblis mier moswavlis Seqeba, waxaliseba. aqedan gamomdinare, axlad naswavli kidev ufro ganmtkicdeba, Tuki maswavlebeli swavlasTan dakavSirebuli amocanebis sirTules Seusabamebs moswavlis SesaZleblobebs. es moswavles uyalibebs warmatebaSi darwmunebulobis, agreTve, sakuTari warmatebis marTlzomierebis gancdas. amasTanave, maswavlebels SeuZlia agrZnobinos da daanaxos moswavles, rom mas Zalian siamovnebs, rom moswavle iyenebs axlad SeZenil unarebs. ra Tqma unda, idealur SemTxvevaSi, ganmtkicebis es ori forma erTdroulad unda iyos gamoyenebuli. uznaZis midgomebi TamaSsa da swavlaze - cnobili qarTveli fsiqologi d. uznaZe (1886-1950w.w.) Tavisi Teoriis farglebSi aSuqebs bavSvis TamaSisa da swavlis fsiqologiur bunebas da funqcias. uznaZis azriT, yvela cocxali organizmis bunebriv mdgomareobas moZraoba, aqtiuroba Seadgens. ar aris aucilebeli, 24 Teoriebi rom cocxali organizmis asamoqmedeblad masze raime gamRizianebeli zemoqmedebdes. cocxali organizmis bunebrivi Taviseburebaa masSi arsebuli Zalebis moqmedeba, aqtivoba. am Taviseburebas uznaZe funqcionalur tendencias uwodebs. d. uznaZis Teoriis Tanaxmad, TamaSis ZiriTad arss bavSvis SesaZleblobaTa aqtivacia warmoadgens. kerZod, bavSvi ara mxolod im ZalebiTaa aRWurvili, romlebic biologiurad mniSvnelovania misi ganviTarebis am etapze, aramed im ZalebiTac, romlebic man memkvidreobiT miiRo da romlebic mniSvnelovani iqneba ganviTarebis Semdgom etapebze. biologiurad aucilebeli funqciebi mis moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis impulsiT moqmedebs, xolo Zalebis meore jgufi moqmedebs funqcionaluri tendenciis safuZvelze. TamaSi swored am ZalTa moqmedebis gamovlinebaa. mniSvnelovania, rom TamaSis saSualebiT xdeba im Zalebis da SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba, romelic SemdgomSi seriozuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebis safuZveli xdeba. saskolo asakSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom bavSvis cxovrebaSi swavla did adgils ikavebs, aranaklebi dro eTmoba TamaSs, gansakuTrebiT ki fizikur TamaSebs. amasTan, skolis asakis bavSvebis TamaSi specifikur saxes iZens. bavSvi marto aRar TamaSobs. mas aucileblad hyavs partniori da, amasTan, misi TamaSi mizandasaxuli qcevebis formad iqceva, romelic sakuTari Zalebis gamocdis, TanatolebTan Sejibris xasiaTs iZens. miuxedavad imisa, rom am qceviTac aranairi produqti ar iqmneba, misi mizani TviTganviTareba, sakuTari Zalebisa da SesaZleblobebis gamocdaa. swored amitom, mozardi zogjer martoc mimarTavs sakuTari motoruli aparatis amoqmedebas. igi TiTqos Tavis Tavs ejibreba da cdilobs sul ufro da ufro daxvewili da Zlieri moZraobebi Seasrulos. amgvarad, am asakSi TamaSi moZraobaTa ganviTarebis, gaumjobesebisa da daxvewis mizans emsaxureba da igi Sejibris pirobebSi xorcieldeba, romelic gulisxmobs garkveuli wesebisa da pirobebis dacvas. Sedegad, mozardi “fizikuri TamaSis” gziT gaiTavisebs sazogadoebaSi arsebul, garkveul wesebs da normebs, rac exmareba mas pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebisa da jgufuri muSaobis unarebis ganviTarebaSi. d. uznaZis mixedviT, swavla adreuli bavSvobidan iwyeba, ma- 25 Teoriebi gram dasrulebul Sinaarss swavla skolis garemoSi iZens. am periodSi swavla qcevis ZiriTad formad iqceva. swavla ara mxolod raime codnis SeZenas gulisxmobs, aramed SesaZleblobebis SeZenasac, unarebis ganviTarebasac. swored amitom, swavlis procesSi ara mxolod konkretuli codnis an Cvevis daufleba xdeba, aramed moswavlis im unarebisa da SesaZleblobebis (“Zalebis”) ganviTarebac, romlebic swavlis procesSi monawileoben. ufro metic, uznaZis azriT, swavlaSi ZiriTadi swored am unarebisa da SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebaa. Tumca, TamaSisgan gansxvavebiT, swavlis procesSi bavSvis Zalebis aqtivacia ufrosis (maswavleblis) mier miwodebuli masalis safuZvelze xorcieldeba da, am mxriv, swavla qcevis gardamavali formaa TamaSsa da Sromas Soris. saskolo garemoSi swavla garkveul saswavlo masalasTan erTad aucileblad maswavlebelsac gulisxmobs, kerZod ki mis monawileobas swavlis procesSi. maswavleblis funqcia masalis ubralod miwodeba da gamokiTxva ki ar aris, aramed - swavleba. maswavlebeli aswavlis moswavles, risTvisac saswavlo masalas moswavlis unarebisa da SesaZleblobebis mixedviT gardaqmnis da ise awodebs mas. masala, erTi mxriv, moswavlis codnisa da unarebis (“ZalTa”) aqtualuri donis Sesatyvisi unda iyos, meore mxriv, ki - misgan garkveulwilad daSorebuli, raTa xeli Seuwyos ganviTarebas. maswavleblis funqcia swored am pirobebis realizaciaa: moswavlisaTvis axali masalis misawvdomad gadacema, “axsna.” “axsna ki ucnobis nacnobze, axlis Zvelze dayvanasa da swored amiT nacnobisa da Zvelis ufro maRal safexurze ayvanas niSnavs.” amgvarad, moswavlis ganviTarebis procesSi maswavlebeli Suamavalia masalasa da moswavles (mis “Zalebs”) Soris. axsnis Sedegad manamde praqtikulad mocemuli garkveuli faqti bavSvisTvis dakvirvebis obieqtad iqceva, misi cnobierebisTvis xdeba miswavdomi. raime faqti, movlena Tu sagani swavlis Sedegad bavSvisTvis ara mxolod praqtikulad mocemulad arsebobs, aramed cnobierebaSic inaxeba cnebaTa saxiT. amrigad, uznaZis mixedviT, swavlis ZiriTadi arsi axsnaSi da am gziT, movlenaTa, faqtTa da saganTa cnobierebaSi asaxvasa da mozardis cnebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebaSi mdgomareobs. 26 saswavlo procesi saswavlo procesi diferencirebuli swavleba - es aris saswavlo procesis iseTi organizeba, romelic gaTvlilia TiToeuli moswavlis an moswavleTa jgufebis saWiroebebze, unarebze da SesaZleblobebze. diferencirebuli swavleba aigeba Semdegi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT: 1. moswavleebisa da maswavleblebis molodinisa da survilebis gageba; 2. moswavleeebis codnis, unarebisa da swavlis stilis gansazRvra; 3. dakvirveba imaze, Tu rogor igeben moswavleebi davalebas; 4. samomavlo gegmebis dasaxvis mizniT Sedegebis Semowmeba da analizi; diferenciaciis mizania moswavleTa unikaluri unarebis da SesaZleblobebis maqsimaluri gamovlena, rac xels Seuwyobs moswavleebis mier erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sedegebis miRwevas. diferencirebuli swavlebis efeqtiani gamoyeneba mTlianad imazea damokidebuli, Tu ramdenad kargad icnobs maswavlebeli Tavis moswavleebs da ramdenad iTvaliswinebs TiToeuli moswavlis codnas, unar-Cvevebs, damokidebulebas da unikalur gamocdilebas, romelic yalibdeba mSoblebTan, TanatolebTan, mediasTan da samyarosTan yoveldRiuri urTierTobiT. diferenciaciis strategiis gamoyeneba maswavleblisgan swavlisa da swavlebis sxvadasxva meTodis flobas moiTxovs. drois organizeba - drois organizeba adamianis erT-erT umniSvnelovanesi unar-Cvevaa, romlis gareSec SeuZlebelia warmatebis miRweva. drois organizeba unda ganxorcieldes grZelvadian Tu moklevadian miznebTan (proeqti, saswavlo gegma, gakveTilis gegma) SesabamisobaSi. drois efeqtianad organizebisaTvis mimarTaven drois mar- 27 saswavlo procesi Tvis sxvadasxva strategiebs. es strategiebia: dRiuris warmoeba, dRis ganrigis Sedgena, mSoblebTan, moswavleebTan da kolegebTan Sexvedrebis cxrilis Seqmna, masalebis daxarisxeba, maTi saqaRaldeebSi ganTavseba da a.S. maswavleblisaTvis gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania gakve Tilis droSi sworad dagegmva, raTa gamoiricxos zedmeti drois darCenis an drois ukmarisobis SemTxvevebi. maswavlebelma winaswar unda moamzados gakveTilis (kviris, trimestris, an Temis) droSi gawerili gegma, sadac ZiriTad SinaarsTan erTad gamoyofili iqneba dro moswavleTa saqmianobis Sesafaseblad da davalebis misacemad. gamocdili maswavleblebi winaswar amzadeben damatebiT masalas im SemTxvevisTvis, Tu moswavleebi adre daasruleben samuSaos (davalebas). TvalsaCinoeba - TvalsaCinoeba aris sxvadasxva saxis vizualuri, audio masala (mag. filmi, slaidi, grafiki, sqema, naxati da sxva) da teqnikuri saSualeba, romelic gamoiyeneba swavlebis procesSi. metakurikulumi - am terminiT aRiniSneba saswavlo miznebi, romlebic saerToa skolebSi sxvadasxva sagnis Seswavlisas. amasTanave, metakurikulumi aerTianebs sxvadasxva sagnebis dauflebisaTvis saWiro zogad unar-Cvevebs. metakurikulumi xels uwyobs praqtikuli an simboluri azrovnebis ganviTarebas, swavlis Cvevebis gamomuSavebas (imis swavlebas, Tu rogor iswavlon ukeTesad), aseve, azrovnebis sxvadasxva doneebis (codna, gageba, gamoyeneba, analizi, sinTezi da Sefaseba), inovaciuri da transferuli (gadataniTi) unar Cvevebis ganviTarebas; moderacia - es aris procesi, romlis drosac xdeba garkveuli RonisZiebebis (magaliTad, seminari, prezentacia, internet saitze resursebis gacvla, forumi) marTva an gaZRola. am process warmarTavs sagangebod SerCeuli piri anu moderatori. igi konkretuli gegmis mixedviT da wesebis dacviT efeqtianad uZRveba process. 28 saswavlo procesi diskusiis wayvanis dros moderatoris mTavari daniSnulebaa, gauZRves diskusias im gegmis mixedviT, romelic sakiTxis winaswari Seswavlis da gamokvlevis programis safuZvelze iqna SemuSavebuli. moderatoris ostatoba imaSi gamoixateba, rom man rac SeiZleba metad unda CarTos monawileeebi diskusiaSi, maT Soris isinic, vinc ar aris aqtiuri, an Tavs gaubedavad grZnobs. Tu raime mizezis gamo jgufSi viTareba daiZabeba, an monawileebs Soris raime gaugebroba moxdeba, moderatoris movaleobaa ganmuxtos situacia. moderatori kargi msmeneli unda iyos da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gaCumdes, raTa monawileebma Tavad warmarTon diskusia. moduli - moduli aris swavlebis damoukidebeli, Tanamimdevruli bloki, romelic aerTianebs monaTesave sagnebs. modulSi gansazRvrulia saganTa urTierTkavSirebi da Tanamimdevroba. saswavlo gegma SeiZleba Sedgebodes erTi an ramdenime modulisagan (saqarTvelos kanoni umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb; muxli 2). saaTobrivi bade - saaTobrivi bade asaxavs moswavleTa savaldebulo da maqsimaluri datvirTvis odenobas. saaTobrivi bade gansazRvravs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliwinebuli savaldebulo sagnebis swavlebis xangrZlivobas an kvireul datvirTvas (CarCos). saskolo saaTobrivi bade moicvas TiToeuli klasis mixedviT dazustebuli gakveTilebis ganrigs, romelSic gawerilia, Tu romeli sagani iswavleba romeli kviris dRes da drois ra monakveTSi. aqve miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu vin aswavlis am sagnebs. amave badeSi unda iyos aRniSnuli yvela damatebiTi saganmanaTleblo da saaRmzrdelo momsaxureba, drois da pedagogis/instruqtoris/wris xelmZRvanelis Tu sxvaTa miTiTebiT. sivrcis organizeba - swavlebisa da swavlis dros dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad mniSvnelovania skolisa da saklaso sivrcis Sesabamisad organizeba. skolasa da klasSi sivrcis sworad organizeba individualuri da jgufuri muSaobis, 29 saswavlo procesi kvlevebis, gamofenebis, TamaSebisa da dasvenebisaTvis saWiro pirobebs qmnis. skolisa da saklaso oTaxis sivrcis efeqtianad organizeba moswavleebs azrovnebis, SemoqmedebiTobis, esTetikuri gemovnebis ganviTarebis saSualebas aZlevs. skolis sivrcis organizeba SeiZleba, agreTve, gulisxmobdes kedlebis, fanjrebis, derefnebis da Weris gamoyenebasac. klasSi sivrcis iseTi mowyoba, rodesac moswavleebi maswavleblis pirispir sxedan, efeqtiania leqciis, prezentaciis, demostrirebis, kiTxva-pasuxis da saerTo instruqciebis micemis dros. merxebis wriulad ganlageba gamarTlebulia diskusiebis warmarTvis SemTxvevaSi. jgufuri muSaobisTvis sasurvelia merxebis iseTi ganlageba, romelic jgufebs gamoyofs erTmaneTisagan. silabusi - silabusi warmoadgens saswavlo kursis programas. masSi mocemulia kursis saTauri, swavlebis safexuri, mizani da amocanebi, swavlebis formati (swavlebis meTodi), kursis saaTobrivad gawerili Sinaarsobrivi gegma gamoyenebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis gverdebis an sxva resursebis detaluri miTiTebiT, aseve kursis Sefasebis principebi (Sualeduri, Semajamebeli, ganmsazRvreli da sxva), mosalodneli Sedegebi, kerZod, im codnisa da unar-Cvevebis CamonaTvali, romelsac uzrunvelyofs kursis dasruleba. umaRles saswavleblebSi silabusi awesrigebs leqtorisa da studentis urTierTobas. saswavlo kursis dawyebisas studentma silabusis meSveobiT unda gaigos, Tu ra da rogor unda iswavlos, rom sasurvel Sedegs miaRwios. meore mxriv, silabusis meSveobiT umaRlesi saswavleblis administracias SeuZlia Seamowmos leqtoris akademiuri saqmianobis xarisxi. swavlis tipebi (stili) - swavlis tipi pirobiTi cnebaa da migvaniSnebs imaze, Tu vis rogor urCevnia an uadvildeba swavla; adamianebi upiratesobas aniWeben informaciis gadamuSavebis (aRqma, aRbeWdva, Senaxva) garkveul meTodebs. ganaTlebis specialistebma am Temaze gansakuTrebiT gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebidan gaamaxviles yuradReba. es Tema dResac 30 saswavlo procesi aqtualuria. sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma Seafasos moswavleTa swavlis stili da mis mier gamoyenebuli swavlebis meTodebi maqsimalurad moargos maT individualur stils. imis codna, rom moswavleebs sxvadasxava swavlis stili aqvT, maswavleblisTvis aucilebeli xdeba swavlebisa da swavlis mravalferovani strategiebis floba da gamoyeneba, rac mas saswavlo procesSi moswavleTa metad CarTvaSi daexmareba. aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom swavlis stili SeiZleba Seicvalos droisa da konteqstis mixedviT. amavdroulad, moswavleebi swavlis an romelime erT tips ganekuTvnebian, an ramdenimes erTad. ”multimodalobis adamianebad” iwodebian isini, romlebic erTze met swavlis tips aniWeben upiratesobas. arsebobs swavlis stilis klasifikaciis sxvadasxva modelebi da Teoriebi. erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli klasifikaciis mixedviT, SesaZleblia swavlis oTxi ZiriTadi tipis gamoyofa. am klasifikaciis ZiriTadi principia is SegrZnebiTi modaloba, romelsac adamiani upiratesobas aniWebs informaciis gadamuSavebisas. swavlis es tipebia: taqtiluri (SexebiTi), kinesTetikuri (moZraobiTi), mxedvelobiTi da smeniTi. smeniTi swavlis tipis mqone adamianebi ukeT swavloben mosmeniT; kinesTetikuri tipebi - urTierTqmedebiT da keTebiT; mxedvelobiTi swavlis tipebi - vizualuri xatebiT, sademonstracio TvalsaCinoebebiT da sxeulis eniT, xolo taqtiluri tipebi - Canawerebis gakeTebiT da diagramebis/grafikebis daxatviT. kolbis klasifikaciis mixedviT, gamoiyofa swavlis oTxi tipi, aqtivisti, pragmatisti, Teoretikosi da refleqturad moazrovne (ix. d. kolbis Teoria swavlis stilis Sesaxeb). swavlis tipebis Sesaxeb erT-erTi saintereso klasifikacia ekuTvnis, agreTve, h. gardners (ix. h. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb); teqnikur sacnobaro aparati - es aris gamocemis sacnobaro sistema, romelSic Sedis sarCevi, leqsikoni, sqolio da teqstTan dakavSirebuli sxva damatebiTi informacia. 31 ganaTlebis sistema ganaTlebis sistema akademiuri xarisxi - akademiuri xarisxi mieniWeba pirovnebas umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo saswavleblis ama Tu im safexuris (sabakalavro, samagistro, sadoqtoro) damTavrebisas. akademiuri xarisxis miniWebis sistema gansxvavebulia qveynebisa da umaRlesi saswavleblebis mixedviT. 2001 wlidan evropaSi akademiuri xarisxis met-naklebad erTiani sistema (boloniis procesi) Seiqmna, romlis mixedviTac evropis ZiriTadi qveynebis umaRlesi saswavleblebi kursdamTavrebulebs Sesabamisi safexuris damTavrebis Semdeg sami tipis samecniero xarisxs aniWeben: bakalavris, magistrisa da doqtoris xarisxs. saqarTvelo 2005 wlidan SeuerTda boloniis process. akreditacia - zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis dokumentTan da erovnul saswavlo gegmebTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT saxelmwifo axorcielebs akreditacias. akreditacia aris zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi mimdinare saswavlo procesis zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis dokumentTan, erovnul saswavlo gegmebTan da saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier dadgenil zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis normativebTan Sesabamisobis dadastureba. Tu zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba srulad ver akmayofilebs akreditaciis pirobebs, mas garkveuli droiT mieniWeba pirobiTi akreditacia, raTa am drois ganmavlobaSi akreditaciis pirobebi srulad dakmayofildes; akreditaciis gavla savaldebuloa yvela zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisaTvis. akreditaciis Catarebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro qmnis sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs – saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis saxelmwifo saakreditacio samsaxurs. konkretuli akreditaciis Casatareblad saxelmwifo saakreditacio samsaxuri niSnavs eqspertTa jgufis Tavmjdo- 32 ganaTlebis sistema mares, romlis kandidaturasac uTanxmebs akreditaciis maZiebels. SeTanxmebis procedura ganisazRvreba saxelmwifo saakreditacio samsaxuris debulebiT. saxelmwifo saakreditacio samsaxuri valdebulia zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas samarTlebrivi daxmareba gauwios akreditaciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. saxelmwifo saakreditacio samsaxuri akreditaciis sakiTxebze SeimuSavebs yovelwliur rekomendaciebs. araformaluri profesiuli ganaTleba - araformalur profesiul ganaTlebas piri iRebs profesiuli saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisagan damoukideblad an araakreditirebuli saganmanaTleblo programis aTvisebis Sedegad. araformaluri ganaTleba ar iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifos mier aRiarebuli ganaTlebis damadasturebeli dokumentis miRebas. Tumca, atestaciis Sedegad SesaZlebelia uflebamosili organos mier saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT araformaluri gziT SeZenili saxelobo ganaTlebis mqone piris profesiuli codnisa da unar-Cvevebis Semowmeba da Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis dadastureba; atestati - atestati (laT. attestor - vamtkiceb) aris dokumenti, romelic adasturebs piris mier sabazo an saSualo zogadsaganmanaTleblo saswavlo dawesebulebis dasrulebas. atestati gaicema skolis direqciis mier. atestats axlavs niSnebis furceli, romelSic asaxulia moswavlis (kursdamTavrebulis) moswreba – qulebi TiToeul saganSi. atestacia - atestacia aris muSakis kvalifikaciis an codnis gansazRvra, misi unarebis, codnisa da profesiuli Cvevebis Sefaseba imis Sesamowmeblad, Tu ramdenad Seefereba misi kvalifikacia dakavebul Tanamdebobas. atestacia periodulad tardeba saSualo da umaRles saswavleblebSi, samecniero-kvleviT dawesebulebebSi, saministroebsa da sxva uwyebebSi. bavSvTa uflebaTa konvencia - bavSvTa uflebaTa konvencia aris saxelmwifoTaSorisi SeTanxmeba, romlis mizania uzrunvelyos bavSvTa srulyofilad momzadeba sazogadoebaSi da- 33 ganaTlebis sistema moukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis da aRzardos igi gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wesdebaSi gacxadebuli idealebis, gansakuTrebiT ki mSvidobis, adamianis Rirsebis pativiscemis, Semwynareblobis, Tavisuflebis, Tanasworobisa da solidarobis suliskveTebiT. bavSvTa uflebaTa konvencia 1989 wels erTxmad miiRo gaerTienebuli erebis organizaciis generalurma asambleam. is Sedgeba preambulis, sami nawilisa da 54 muxlisagan. bavSvTa uflebaTa konvencia saqarTveloSi 1994 wlis 21 aprilidan Sevida ZalaSi. bakalavri - bakalavri aris mflobeli im akademiuri xarisxisa, romelic pirs akademiuri umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo programis pirveli safexurisaTvis – bakalavriatisaTvis dadgenili kreditebis raodenobis aTvisebis Sedegad eniWeba; bakalavriati – akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis pirveli safexuri, saswavlo programebis erToblioba, romelic, ZiriTadad, iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi specialobebis Teoriuli safuZvlebis swavlebas, rac aucilebelia piris magistraturaSi Semdgomi swavlisaTvis, an miRebuli kvalifikaciiT muSaobisaTvis; gamocdebis erovnuli centri - gamocdebis erovnulma centrma saqmianoba 2001 wlidan daiwyo ”ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqtis” saxiT. proeqtis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mimarTuleba Sefasebis axali sistemis danergva iyo, romliTac unda momxdariyo moswavleTa codnisa da unarebis Sefaseba obieqturi da sando meTodebiT; erovnuli gamocdebis Catareba da saukeTeso abiturientTa SerCeva umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi Casaricxad da saxelmwifo grantis mosapoveblad; gamocdebis erovnuli centri pasuxismgebelia erTiani erovnul gamocdebis Catarebaze, aseve, saerTaSoriso kvle 34 ganaTlebis sistema vebis Catarebaze saqarTveloSi, risi ganxorcielebac daiwyo 2006 wlidan. ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnuli centri - sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri - ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnuli centri daarsda 2007 wels. centri damoukidebelia Tavis saqmianobaSi da axorcielebs instituciur da programul akreditacias umaRles, profesiul da zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi. centris miznebia: 1. saqarTvelos umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisa da maTi programebis saerTaSoriso standartebTan da wesebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana, saqarTvelos umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis/saganmanaTleblo programebis statusis, saxelmwifos mier aRiarebuli sertifikatis gacemis uflebis dadgena. 2. zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi mimdinare saswavlo procesis zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis dokumentTan, erovnul saswavlo gegmebTan da saministros mier dadgenil zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis normativebTan Sesabamisobis dadastureba. 3. profesiuli saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisa da maTi programebis saerTaSoriso standartebTan da dadgenil pirobebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana. 4. saqarTvelos umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa akademiuri personalis da studentTa aRricxva da monacemTa Sesabamisi bazis formireba. genderi - es termini mecnierebaSi socialuri sqesis aRsaniSnavad gamoiyeneba. sqesi dakavSirebulia qalsa da mamakacs Soris fizikur, sxeulebriv gansxvavebebTan, cneba “genderi” ki miuTiTebs maT fsiqologiur, socialur da kulturul Taviseburebebze. sqesi biologiurad aris gansazRvruli, genderi ki socialuri da kulturuli faqtorebiT aris ganpirobebuli da aRniSnavs qalisa da mamakacis socialurad naswavli qcevebis, Tvisebebisa da damokidebulebebis nakrebs. bavSvi 35 ganaTlebis sistema dabadebidanve ganekuTvneba biologiur kategorias - sqess, Sesabamisad, mdedrobiTs an mamrobiTs. aRzrdis procesSi xdeba maTi genderuli cnobierebis Camoyalibeba. gogonebi da biWebi sxvadasxvagvar gamocdilebas iReben da iTaviseben arsebul genderul rolebs mocemul kulturaSi. isini swavloben, Tu rogor unda iqceodes gogo Tu biWi, ra aris dasaSvebi TiToeulisTvis da ra - ara. amgvarad, genderi gulisxmobs fsiqologiur atributebs, maxasiaTeblebs da qcevebs, romelTa SeZena xdeba socialur konteqstSi. yovel sazogadoebaSi genderuli gansxvavebebi vlindeba adamianTa qcevis formebSi. magaliTad, romel sferoSi moRvaweoben qalebi da mamakacebi da ra samuSaos asruleben isini, rogor icvamen, rogor gamoxataven emociebs da a.S. gzamkvlevi - gzamkvlevi aris (Sdr. ingl. guide) maswavleblebisTvis gankuTvnili meToduri xasiaTis miTiTebani (miTiTebebis krebuli), romelsac SesaZloa hqondes saxelmZRvanelos saxe. gzamkvlevis funqciaa miawodos informacia pedagogebs, Tu rogor unda isargeblon ama Tu im pedagogiuri resursiT (mag. moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo, savarjiSoebis rveuli, audio, video Tu internetresursebi da a. S). diagrama - diagrama aris ideebis, cnebebis, mimarTebebis, konstruqciebis, monacemebis gamartivebuli da struqturirebuli, vizualuri (grafikuli) gamosaxva, romelic, ZiriTadad, sqematur xasiaTs atarebs. misi mTavari daniSnulebaa struqturis Semadgenel nawilebs Soris mimarTebebis warmoCena, ris gamoc ar aris aucilebeli am elementebis zusti grafikuli asaxva. diplomi - diplomi (berZ. Diploma – orad gakecili furceli) aris (1) dadgenili nimuSis mixedviT Sedgenili oficialuri dokumenti, romelic adasturebs saTanado specialobaSi kvalifikaciis miniWebas (samecniero xarisxi, samecniero wodeba). diplomi gaicema im umaRlesi saswavleblis mier, romelic daamTavra studentma (maZiebelma). diploms xels aw- 36 ganaTlebis sistema ers reqtori. diplomSi iwereba im fakultetis dasaxeleba, romelic daamTavra studentma da specialoba (specialobebi), romelic mas mieniWa. (2) oficialuri dokumenti, romelic adasturebs piris an dawesebulebis dajildoebas (mag. prezidentis stipendiantis diplomi). direqcia - direqcias Seadgens skolis direqtori, misi moadgile (moadgileebi) da buRalteria. direqciis funqciebia: skolis marTva, skolis warmodgena mesame pirTan urTierTobaSi, skolis biujetis, Sinaganawesis, saStato ganrigis SemuSaveba sameurveo sabWosTvis warsadgenad, pedagogiur sabWosTan TanamSromloba saskolo saswavlo gegmis SesamuSaveblad, maswavleblebTan da skolis sxva TanamSromlebTan xelSekrulebis dadebisa da Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofa (ix. kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, Tavi VIII). diskriminacia - diskriminacia aris pirovnebis an pirovnebaTa jgufis uflebebis SezRudva raime niSnis mixedviT (mag. religiuri, rasobrivi, sqesobrivi, socialuri statusis da a.S.) erovnuli profesiuli saagento - es aris sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, romelic profesiuli ganaTlebis regulirebis mizniT SeimuSavebs profesiul standartebs da asrulebs am kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul sxva uflebamosilebebs; erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centri - erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centri Seiqmna 2006 wlis aprilSi saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier ganaTlebis reformis proeqt ”ilia WavWavaZis” farglebSi. centri orientirebulia zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze. centris ZiriTadi miznebia: • erovnuli saswavlo gegmis momzadeba, pilotireba da danergvis xelSewyoba; aseve, saxelobo ganaTlebis saswavlo gegmebis Sedgena, pilotireba da danergva. • sajaro skolaSi mimdinare saswavlo procesis erovnuli Sefasebebis sistemis SemuSaveba, danergva, erovnuli da 37 ganaTlebis sistema sxva Sefasebebis ganxorcieleba; • saxelmZRvaneloebis erovnul saswavlo gegmebTan Sesabamisobis dadgena da rekomendebuli saxelmZRvanelos grifis miniWeba. eqsterni - eqsterni aris moswavle, romelic eqsternad, eqsternis wesiT swavlobs: saswavlebelSi ar iricxeba da ise abarebs gamocdebs (qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, t.3, gv. 1477). vauCeri - vauCeri aris saxelmwifos mier moswavlisaTvis gadacemuli, mimoqcevadi finansuri instrumenti, romelic SeiZleba gamoSvebul iqnas rogorc materializebuli, ise aramaterializebuli formiT da romelic gankuTvnilia moswavlis mier zogadi ganaTlebis miRebis dasafinanseblad. (saqarTvelos kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb; muxli 2, l). saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs sruli zogadi ganaTlebis miRebas. moswavlis ganaTlebis saxelmwifo dafinanseba zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi grZeldeba 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi. saxelmwifo swavlisaTvis gaweul xarjebs anazRaurebs im skolaSi, romelic axorcielebs dawyebiT an/da sabazo an/da saSualo zogadsaganmanaTleblo programebs. kerZo da sajaro skolaSi swavlebas erT moswavleze gaTvlili finansuri normativis Sesabamisi vauCeriT saxelmwifo daafinansebs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas miniWebuli aqvs akreditacia. saxelmwifos mier moswavlis ganaTlebis dafinanseba saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetidan xorcieldeba erT moswavleze gaTvlili finansuri normativis Sesabamisi vauCeriT. standartuli da gazrdili vauCerebis odenobebi ganisazRvreba erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli miRwevis donisaTvis maqsimaluri datvirTvis mixedviT, gansxvavebul mdgomareobaSi myof moswavleTa finansuri SesaZleblobebis Sesabamisad, ganaTlebis miRebis uflebis uzrunvelyofaSi Tanasworobis principis dacviT. zogadi ganaTlebis sistema - es aris erovnuli da saskolo saswavlo gegmebis, maTi ganmaxorcielebeli zogadsaganmana- 38 ganaTlebis sistema Tleblo dawesebulebebis, im saxelmwifo organoebisa da sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis erToblioba, romelic uzrunvelyofs zogadi ganaTlebis miRebas. zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba - es aris sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, an kerZo samarTlis samewarmeo an arasamewarmeo iuridiuli piri, romelic axorcielebs zogadsaganmanaTleblo saqmianobas erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesabamisad da srulad moicavs zogadi ganaTlebis erT safexurs mainc. TanasworTa swavleba - TanasworTa swavleba maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erT-erTi strategiaa, romelic megobruli garemos Seqmnas uzrunvelyofs da maswavleblis profesiul ganviTarebazea orientirebuli. TanasworTa swavleba maswavleblebs saSualebas aZlevs, erToblivad dagegmon saswavlo programebi, gakveTilebi, ganixilon swavlebisa da swavlis meTodebi, saxelmZRvaneloebi, Catarebuli gakveTilebi, Sefasebis Sedegebi da erTmaneTs gauwion konsultacia. es strategia maswavleblebs exmareba dasaxuli miznebis miRwevaSi da zrdis maT motivacias. kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb - „saqarTvelos kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ awesrigebs saqarTveloSi zogadsaganmanaTleblo saqmianobis ganxorcielebis pirobebs, zogadi ganaTlebis marTvisa da dafinansebis principebsa da wess, adgens yvela zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis statuss, maTi dafuZnebis, saqmianobis, reorganizaciis, likvidaciisa da akreditaciis wess, agreTve zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis maswavlebelTa saqmianobis warmarTvis pirobebsa da wesebs. kanoni miRebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2005 wlis 8 aprils. gamoqveynebulia „saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macnes“ 2005 wlis 4 maisis me-20 nomerSi. klasteri - klaseteri aris saerTo sakiTxebze momuSave maswavleblebis an skolebis araformaluri 4-5 wevriani dajgufeba. 39 ganaTlebis sistema krediti (evropuli sakredito sistema (ECTS) - krediti aris erTeuli, romelic asaxavs studentis mier sagnis asaTviseblad Sesasrulebeli samuSaos moculobas, gamoxatuls drois erTeulSi. ECTS - transferisa da dagrovebis evropuli sakredito sistema (SemdgomSi – evropuli sakredito sistema) studentze orientirebuli sistemaa. misi daniSnulebaa akademiuri datvirTvis asaxva, romelic students esaWiroeba saswavlo programis miznebis misaRwevad. studentis saqmianoba (studentis datvirTva) moicavs: a) leqciebze, seminarebze, praqtikul da laboratoriul mecadineobebze daswrebas; b) damoukidebel mecadineobas; g) saswavlo, samecniero da sawarmoo praqtikas; d) gamocdebis momzadeba-Cabarebas; e) saswavlo-samecniero naSromze (sakurso naSromi, moxseneba konferenciaze, samecniero werili, sapatento ganacxadi, sadiplomo naSromi, sabakalavro naSromi, samagistro naSromi, sadoqtoro disertacia) muSaobas; v) saswavlo-samecniero naSromis dacvas da gamoqveynebas. sakredito sistemis Sesabamisad, studentis datvirTva erTi akademiuri wlis ganmavlobaSi moicavs 60 kredits, rac Seesabameba saswavlo saqmianobis 1500-1800 astronomiul saaTs, xolo 1 krediti moicavs studentis saswavlo saqmianobas (studentis datvirTvas) 25-30 astronomiul saaTis ganmavlobaSi. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo programis an/da studentis individualuri saswavlo gegmis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, dasaSvebia studentis wliuri datvirTva aRematebodes 60 kredits, an iyos 60 kreditze naklebi. kreditebis ganawileba xdeba saganmanaTleblo programis yvela komponents Soris (rogoricaa modulebi, kursebi, praqtika, disertacia da sxv.), misi xangrZlivobis da tipis miuxedavad. 40 ganaTlebis sistema krediti asaxavs samuSaos im raodenobas, romelic saWiroa ama Tu im komponentis dasasruleblad, sruli akademiuri wlis ganmavlobaSi umaRlesi akademiuri ganaTlebis TiToeuli safexurisaTvis. kreditebis miReba SesaZlebelia mxolod studentis mimarT moTxovnili samuSaos warmatebiT dasrulebis Semdeg da am samuSaos dadebiTi Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi. dauSvebelia studentis semestruli (trimestruli) miRwevis Sefaseba mxolod semestris (trimestris) bolos Catarebuli gamocdis mixedviT. studentis semestris (trimestris) ganmavlobaSi gaweuli Sromis Sefaseba garkveuli SefardebiT unda iTvaliswinebdes: a) misi damoukidebeli muSaobis Sefasebas; b) Sua semestrul reitingul Sefasebas; g) semestris (trimestris) saboloo gamocdis Sefasebas. [umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo programebis kreditebiT gaangariSebis wesi, 2006] licenzireba - “licenzia” (laTinuri sityvaa da niSnavs_ ”nebarTvas.”) aris administraciuli organos mier administraciuli aqtis safuZvelze pirisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili pirobebis dakmayofilebis safuZvelze miniWebuli gansazRvruli saqmianobis ganxorcielebis ufleba. Sesabamisad, licenzireba gulisxmobs konkretul sferoSi profesiuli moRvaweobisaTvis oficialuri nebarTvis miniWebas. saxelmwifo umetes sferoSi profesiuli moRvaweobisaTvis awesebs licenzirebas im mizniT, rom mosaxleoba iyos dazRveuli muSakis arakompetenturobisagan. moqalaqeebi licenzirebas gadian profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebisa da gamocdebis Cabarebis gziT. saqarTveloSi dadgenilia saqmianobis licenziis 84 saxe da maTgan 4 exeba saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas, kerZod, • zogadsaganmanaTleblo saqmianobis generaluri licenzia; • damatebiTi profesiuli saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis licenzia; • mSobelTa mzrunvelobas moklebul da SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa saaRmzrdelo saqmianobis licenzia; 41 ganaTlebis sistema • umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis licenzia. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro gascems saganmanaTleblo da saaRmzrdelo saqmianobis licenziebs. saqarTvelos kanoni saganmanaTleblo da saaRmzrdelo dawesebulebebis saqmianobis licenzirebis Sesaxeb ufro detalurad gansazRvravs TiToeuli saxis licenziis mopovebis wessa da pirobebs. magistratura - magistratura aris akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis meore safexuri, saswavlo programebis erToblioba, romelic aucileblad Seicavs samecniero kvlevis elementebs da miznad isaxavs bakalavris Semdgomi donis specialistis an mkvlevaris momzadebas, agreTve amzadebs pirs miRebuli kvalifikaciiT muSaobisaTvis; magistri - magistri aris mflobeli im akademiuri xarisxisa, romelic pirs akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis meore safexurisaTvis – magistraturisaTvis dadgenili kreditebis raodenobis aTvisebis Sedegad eniWeba; maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri - maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri aris TviT-regulirebadi organo, romelic daarsda saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mxardaWeriT 2007 wlis ianvarSi. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri uzrunvelyofs maswavleblis profesiis regulirebasa da statusis amaRlebas, maswavleblis profesiuli codnis, saqmianobis maRal standarts, swavlebisa da swavlis xarisxis mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesebas maswavleblis, moswavleebisa da sazogadoebis sasargeblod. centri farTo pedagogiur da samecniero sazogadoebasTan TanamSromlobiT amzadebs safuZvlian rekomendaciebs mTavrobisaTvis maswavleblis profesiasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. centris prioritetuli amocanebia: 42 ganaTlebis sistema • profesiuli standartebis Seqmna da ganviTareba; • registraciis, sertificirebisa da akreditaciis sistemebis Seqmna; • maswavleblis uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis xelSewyoba da mimzidveli garemos Seqmna; • komunikaciisa da kvlevis efeqturi saSualebebis ganviTareba; • centris Camoyalibeba moqnil, efeqtur da efeqtian organizaciad; maswavleblis asistenti - maswavleblis asistenti aris umaRles damTavrebuli, saTanado pedagogiuri cenzis armqone piri (romelsac umaRles saswavlebelSi ar aqvs gavlili pedagogiuri ciklis sagnebi), romelic garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi valdebulia, gaiaros skolaSi praqtika, raTa ufleba mieces, Caabaros sasertifikacio gamocdebi. maswavleblis profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi - maswavlebelTa eTikis kodeqsi gansazRvravs pedagogTa ZiriTad ufleba-movaleobebs, disciplinuri gadacdomebis saxeebs da, Sesabamisad, maTi darRvevis SemTxvevaSi gaTvaliswinebul saxdelebs. es aris saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros moTxovna da miznad isaxavs skolebSi pozitiuri da ganaTlebisaTvis xelSemwyobi klimatis Seqmnas. maswavlebelTa eTikis kodeqsis mizania: • xeli Seuwyos zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi disciplinis damkvidrebas; • uzrunvelyos moswavleebs, direqcias da skolis sxva TanamSromlebs Soris yvela saxis konfliqtis Tavidan acileba; • uzrunvelyos pedagogTa misaRebi qcevebi; • gansazRvros saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesis efeqturad marTvis meqanizmebi; • gansazRvros saswavlo procesis monawileTa ufleba mosilebani. 43 ganaTlebis sistema maswavleblobis maZiebeli - maswavleblobis maZiebeli aris piri, romelmac dadgenili wesiT gaiara registracia maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrSi da muSaobs zogadsaganmanaTeblo dawesebulebaSi maswavleblis statusis mosapoveblad. zogadsaganmanaTeblo dawesebulebaSi muSaobis periodSi maswavleblobis maZiebeli sargeblobs maswavleblisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli TiTqmis yvela uflebiTa da SeRavaTiT. SezRudva exeba mxolod Sromis anazRaurebis odenobas (igi dgindeba skolis sameurveo sabWos gadawyvetilebiT) da monawileobas sajaro skolis sameurveo sabWos arCevnebSi. maswavleblobis maZieblis statusiT pirma skolaSi SeiZleba imuSaos ara umetes 2 wlisa (ix. kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 21). matrica - martica aris monacemTa gamosaxvis forma, romelic ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba obieqtebis aRsawerad maTi atributebis mixedviT. vizualurad mas aqvs cxrilis saxe, romlis TiToeuli sveti Seesabameba obieqtis calkeul atributs, xolo striqonebi – am atributebis mniSvnelobebs sxvadasxva obieqtebisaTvis. maTematikaSi matrica xSirad gamoiyeneba organzomilebiani ricxviTi monacemebis aRwerisas. mentori - mentori aris specialurad momzadebuli maswavlebeli, romelsac SeuZlia daexmaros: • maswavleblis momzadebaSi CarTul umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs saskolo praqtikis kursebis warmarTvaSi; • gamosacdel periodSi momuSave instruqtorebs praqtikuli pedagogiuri Cvevebis Camoyalibebasa da maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrSi warsadgeni rekomendaciebis mopovebaSi; • sxva maswavleblebs profesiul ganviTarebaSi. miznobrivi jgufi - es aris adamianTa jgufi, romelic garkveuli kriteriumebis mixedviT aris SerCeuli. magaliTad, proeqtis SemTxvevaSi samizne jgufi aris im adamianTa jgufi, visac proeqtis Sedegebi moutans garkveul sargeblobas, anu visTvisac aris gankuTvnili proeqti. 44 ganaTlebis sistema monacemTa baza - monacemTa baza aris monacemTa struqturuli erToblioba, romlis daniSnulebaa monacemTa Senaxva, modificireba da wakiTxva. es termini ZiriTadad ukavSirdeba eleqtronuli formatis mqone monacemebs, romlebic iqmneba da inaxeba kompiuteruli sistemebis gamoyenebiT. monacemTa bazis struqtura ZiriTadad Seesabameba monacemTa urTierTmimarTebas. arsebobs monacemTa bazis sxvadasxva struqtura (magaliTad: relaciuri, ierarqiuli, obieqtze orientirebuli). maT Soris, dRemde yvelaze gavrcelebulia relaciuri struqtura. am tipis monacemTa bazaSi monacemebi inaxeba cxrilebis erTobliobis saxiT, sadac TiToeuli cxrili Seesabameba erT obieqts. garda amisa igi Seicavs e.w. damxmare cxrilebs, romlebic gamosaxavs kavSirebs am obieqtebs Soris. pedagogika - pedagogika aris mecniereba aRzrdis, swavlisa da swavlebis miznebis, Sinaarsis, formebisa da meTodebis Sesaxeb, specialurad organizebuli mizanmimarTuli da sistematuri qmedebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic orientirebulia pirovnebis Camoyalibebaze. pedagogika ikvlevs aRzrdis arssa da kanonzomierebebs, mis struqturas, qmnis saswavlo aRmzrdelobiTi saqmianobis Teoriebs. aRzrdis obieqtTa Taviseburebebis da socialuri daniSnulebis Sinaarsis mixedviT ganasxvaveben pedagogikis Semdeg dargebs: • zogadi pedagogika - yvela asakobrivi jgufisa da sxvadasxva tipis saswavleblebisaTvis swavlebisa da aRzrdis saerTo kanonzomierebebis Seswavla. igi Sedgeba swavlebis Teoriis (didaqtika), aRzrdis Teoriis, agreTve ganaTlebis organizaciisa da marTvis mecnieruli safuZvlebisagan. • asakobrivi pedagogika swavlobs sxvadasxva asakobrivi jgufebisaTvis specifikuri aRzrdisa da swavlebis kanonzomierebs. • andropedagogika - Teoria mozrdilTa swavlebis Sesaxeb. • specialuri pedagogika - SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebisa da mozardebis swavla-aRzrdis kanonzomierebebi. 45 ganaTlebis sistema • meTodika, anu kerZo didaqtika - calkeuli sagnebis swavlebis miznebi da saSualebebi, mecnieruli Sinaarsis saswavlo Sinaarsad transformireba moswavleTa asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. • socialuri pedagogika swavlobs aRzrdaze socialuri garemos gavlenebs. pedagogiuri personali - pedagogiuri personali Sedgeba Semdegi pirebisagan: akademiuri personali, maswavlebeli, aRmzrdeli, aseve is pirebi, romlebic uSualod monawileoben saganamanaTleblo/saaRmzrdelo procesSi. pedagogiuri sabWo - pedagogiuri sabWo aris skolis maswavlebelTa TviTmmarTvelobis umaRlesi arCeviTi organo, romelSic yvela wevri sargeblobs Tanabari xmis uflebiT. pedagogiuri sabWos funqciebia: erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesabamisi saskolo saswavlo gegmis SemuSaveba da damtkiceba (sameurveo sabWosTan SeTanxmebiT), saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi gamosayenebeli saxelmZRveneloebis SerCeva, sameurveo sabWoSi warmomadgenlebis mivlena da a.S. (ix. kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, Tavi IX). profesia - codnis, unar-CvevaTa da kompetenciaTa erToblioba, romelTa floba aucilebelia garkveul sferoSi SromiTi saqmianobisaTvis da romelTa SeZena SesaZlebelia swavlis an/da Sesabamis sferoSi saqmianobis Sedegad. profesiuli ganaTleba - saxelobo an/da profesiuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis mizania piris momavali profesiuli saqmianobisaTvis momzadeba. saqarTveloSi profesiuli ganaTlebis saxeebia: saxelobo ganaTleba da profesiuli umaRlesi ganaTleba. saxelobo ganaTlebis miReba SeiZleba zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo safexuris daZlevis, xolo profesiuli umaRlesi ganaTlebisa - mxolod sruli ganaTlebis miRebis safuZvelze. Tavis mxriv, saxelobo ganaTleba SeiZleba iyos formaluri da araformaluri (ixileT saxelobo ganaTleba, umaRlesi profesiuli ganaTleba, formaluri profesiuli ganaTleba da araformaluri profesiuli ganaTleba). 46 ganaTlebis sistema profesiuli ganviTareba - profesiuli ganviTareba gulisxmobs uwyveti ganaTlebis saSualebiT sakuTari moRvaweobis sferoSi codnis gaRrmavebasa da unarebis ganviTarebas. igi aseve gulisxmobs pirovnuli ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro zogadi unarebis ganviTarebas. profesiuli saganmanaTleblo standarti – es aris dokumenti, romelic adgens standartuli saxelobo saganmanaTleblo programis Seqmnis pirobebsa da wess; profesiuli standarti – erovnuli profesiuli saagentos mier damtkicebuli, profesiul kvalifikaciaTa CarCos Semadgeneli dokumenti, romliTac gansazRvrulia is profesiuli codna, unar-Cvevebi da kompetenciebi, romlebsac unda flobdes konkretuli profesiis warmomadgeneli; profesiuli studenti - piri, romelic swavlobs saxelobo saganmanaTleblo programiT; profesiuli swavlebis centri/profesiuli saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba – sajaro an kerZo samarTlis samewarmeo an arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piri, romelic axorcielebs saxelobo saganmanaTleblo programebs; sagnobrivi kaTedra - sagnobrivi kaTedra sagnobrivi jgufis yvela maswavlebels aerTianebs. kaTedris wevrebi regularulad ikribebian (trimestrSi erTxel an ramdenjerme). kaTedris efeqtiani muSaobisTvis kaTedris wevrebi irCeven Tavmjdomares erTi wlis vadiT. sagnobrivi kaTedrebis mTavari funqciebia: sagnobrivi jgufis sagnis/sagnebis swavlebis koordinacia, erTmaneTis gamocdilebis gaziareba, warmatebebis winapirobebis gansazRvra da problemebis gadaWris gzebis Zieba, saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCeva da sxva. sameurveo sabWo - sameurveo sabWo aris skolis TviTmmarTvelobis umaRlesi arCeviTi organo. sameurveo sabWo Sedgeba mSoblebisa da pedagogiuri sabWos mier Tanabari raodenobiT, 47 ganaTlebis sistema 3 wliT arCeuli aranakleb 6 da araumetes 12 warmomadgenlisagan da saSualo safexuris moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis mier arCeuli 1 warmomadgenlisagan. masSi warmomadgenlis wargzavnis ufleba aqvs saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT. sameurveo sabWos funqciebia: skolis direqtoris arCeva, direqciis warmodgenili biujetis damtkiceba, direqciis mier finansebisa da saskolo qonebis gankargvis kontroli, skolis Sinaganawesis damtkiceba da sxv. (ix. kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, Tavi VII). saxelobo ganaTleba - es aris profesiuli ganaTlebis saxe, romlis miRebac SeiZleba zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo safexuris dasrulebis Semdeg da romlis mizania sertificirebuli specialistis momzadeba. saxelobo ganaTlebis miReba SeiZleba zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo safexuris daZlevis Semdeg. saxelobo saganmanaTleblo programebi xorcieldeba profesiuli swavlebis centrebSi. saxelobo ganaTleba profesiuli swavlebis centrsa da zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris Sesabamisi xelSekrulebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos erTiani erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesabamisi saskolo saswavlo gegmis nawilad. saxelobo ganaTleba SeiZleba iyos formaluri da araformaluri (ixileT formaluri profesiuli ganaTleba da araformaluri profesiuli ganaTleba). sertifikati - serTifikati (frang. sertificat, laT. certifico _ vamtkiceb) aris dokumenti, romelic, sazogadod, saqonlis xarisxs amtkicebs. saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi sertifikati eZleva pedagogs kvalifikaciis dadasturebis mizniT. 2009 wlidan saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro iwyebs maswavlebelTa sertificirebis process (maswavleblisTvis pedagogiuri saqmianobis ganxorcielebis uflebis miniWeba an/da ganaxleba). maswavleblobis uflebis mopoveba SeeZlebaT ganaTlebis bakalavrebsa da magistrebs skolaSi erTwliani gamosacdeli perodisa da sasertifikacio gamocdis warmatebiT Cabarebis Semdeg. ganaTlebis bakalavrebs ufleba eqnebaT aswavlon dawyebiT klasebSi, xolo ganaTlebis magis- 48 ganaTlebis sistema trebs - dawyebiT, sabazo da saSualo safexurebze. ufro detalurad maswavleblTa sertificirebis Sesaxeb ixileT maswavleblis momzadebisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis koncefcia; skolis TviTSefasebis sistema - skolis TviTSefasebis sistema aris Tanmimdevrulad gamoyenebuli TviTgamokvlevis meTodi, romlis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia skolis swavlebaswavlis procesis xarisxis gaumjobeseba, skolis Semdgomi ganviTarebis gzebis dasaxva moZiebuli informaciis analizis safuZvelze. skolis TviTSefasebis sistemis gamoyeneba gulisxmobs skolis daxmarebas - realurad arsebuli sirTuleebis aRmoCenasa da maTi daZlevis gzebis moZebnas skolis mTavari amocanebis gadasawyvetad. skolis TviTSefasebis proceduras axorcielebs specialuri gundi, romlis Semadgenloba SeiZleba dakompleqtdes saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis eqspertebiT (ganaTlebis specialisti, skolis fsiqologi, socialuri muSaki da sxv.), romlebic erkvevian yvela saxis saskolo saqmianobaSi, skolis administraciis wevrebiT da sagangebod momzadebuli maswavlebelTa, moswavleTa da mSobelTa jgufebiT. isini erToblivad ikvleven winaswar dagegmil saganmanaTleblo procesebs, gansazRvraven skolis saWiroebebs da aseve erToblivad gegmaven momdevno aqtivobebs. kvlevis sagani SesaZloa gaxdes: saganmanaTleblo programebis daZlevis, skolis/klasis marTvis/xelmZRvanelobis, finansuri marTvis, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis, moswavleTa miRwevebis, moswavleTa Sefasebis sakiTxebi, skolis Sida da skolis gareTa saqmianoba. agreTve, SesaZlebelia Seswavlil iqnas saswavlo garemo, moswavleTa movaleobebis/ disciplinis, janmrTelobis, usafrTxoebis dacvis, saskolo cxovrebaSi mSobelTa/ojaxis monawileobis sakiTxebi da sxva. informacia ikribeba moswavleTa akademiuri warmatebebis maCveneblebis, portfolioebis, saskolo dokumentaciis, interviuebis, dakvirvebis, gamokiTxvebis da sxva saklaso 49 ganaTlebis sistema gamokvlevebis sxvadasxva raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi monacemebis safuZvelze. skolis TviTSefasebis saboloo produqts warmoadgens werilobiTi angariSi. Sekrebili masala analizdeba gundis kompetenturi wevrebis mier, romlebic gundis yvela wevrTan erTad pasuxismgeblebi arian skolis momavali samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebaze. skolis Sinaganawesi - es aris skolis mier SemuSavebuli wesebisa da qcevis kodeqsi, romelsac unda icnobdes da emorCilebodes skolis TiToeuli TanamSromeli da moswavle. umaRlesi profesiuli ganaTleba - es aris profesiuli ganaTlebis saxe, romlis miRebac SeiZleba sruli zogadi ganaTlebis safuZvelze. profesiuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo programis aTvisebis Sedegad gaicema profesiuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis damadasturebeli specialistis diplomi. profesiuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo programebi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc zogadsaganmanaTleblo, aseve umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi. uwyveti ganaTleba - uwyveti ganaTleba aris farTo cneba, romelic moicavs saSualo skolis damTavrebis Semdeg saswavlo aqtivobebisa da programebis farTo speqtrs. aseTi aqtivobebi da programebi SeiZleba iyos Semdegi: nawilobriv ganakveTze myofi studentebisaTvis saswavlo programebi sxvadasxva xarisxis mosapoveblad; profesiuli codnis amaRlebis kursebi, romlebic ar iTvaliswinebs raime xarisxis mopovebas; TanamSromlebis treningi; piradi ganviTarebis oficialuri kursebi (rogorc saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, aseve internetis saSualebiT) da sxv. fokus-jgufi (fokusirebuli diskusia) - es aris jgufuri intervius meTodi, romlis dros erTdroulad ramdenime respondents vesaubrebiT da Cveni mizania, xeli SevuwyoT maT Soris azrTa gacvlas (aqedan gamomdinareobs am meTodis kidev erTi dasaxeleba – “jgufuri diskusia”). Tanamedrove fokusjgufebis uSualo winamorbedad socialur mecnierebebSi 50 ganaTlebis sistema amerikeli sociologis robert mertonis (Merton, 1910 – 2003), da misi kolegebis mier meore msoflio omis dros SemuSavebuli “fokusirebuli intervius” meTodi iTvleba. fokus-jgufis Catareba seriozul momzadebas moiTxovs, rac gulisxmobs Temis winaswar Seswavlas, gamokvlevis programis da sadiskusio gegmis SemuSavebas (dasasmeli kiTxvebis winaswar momzadebas), agreTve, diskusiis Catarebis teqnikuri mxareebis uzrunvelyofas. fokus-jgufis dros warmoqmnili diskusiebis Sedegad ukeT vlindeba respondentebis damokidebuleba garkveuli socialuri problemebisadmi, maTi fsiqologiuri ganwyobebi da emociuri Sefasebebi, romlebic xSirad arc aris gacnobierebuli respondentebis mier. rogorc wesi, fokus-jgufis monawileebs specialuri kriteriumebis safuZvelze arCeven, es kriteriumebi ki gamokvlevis amocanebiTaa ganpirobebuli. upirvelesi moTxovna monawileTa SerCevisadmi isaa, rom isini kargad unda erkveodnen im sakiTxSi, romelsac fokus-jgufi eZRvneba. fokus-jgufis monawileTa raodenoba 8-dan 10-mde meryeobs, Tumca zog SemTxvevaSi respondentTa minimaluri raodenoba SeiZleba 5-6 iyos, xolo maqsimaluri – 12. respondentTa raodenobis mkacri SezRudva aucilebelia, raTa fokus-jgufis msvlelobisas mis yvela monawiles mieces Tavisi azris Tavisuflad da srulad gamoTqmis saSualeba. Tu es piroba ar sruldeba, fokus-jgufi ver aRwevs Tavis mizans. fokus-jgufis warmatebas didwilad gansazRvravs jgufis wamyvani anu moderatori (ix. agreTve moderatori). moderatoris mier fokus-jgufis Catarebis stili SeiZleba iyos rogorc mkacri, aseve liberaluri. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi, saqme gvaqvs gamocdil moderatorTan, vinaidan respondentebis moCvenebiTi Tavisuflebis miuxedavad, man mainc unda akontrolos diskusiis msvleloba da unda miiRos pasuxebi dasmul kvleviT kiTxvebze. yovelTvis xdeba fokus-jgufis dros gamarTuli saubris audio- da/an videoCawera, ris Sesaxebac respondentebi winaswar unda iyvnen gafrTxilebulni. ra Tqma unda, am SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes maTi konfidencialoba. fokus-jgufis xangrZlivoba, rogorc wesi, saaTnaxevridan 51 ganaTlebis sistema or saaTamdea; Sesvenebis gakeTeba fokus-jgufis mimdinareobis dros ar aris mizanSewonili. erTi kvleviTi proeqtis farglebSi, rogorc wesi, ramdenime fokus-jgufi tardeba, romlebic xSirad gansxvavdeba monawileTa maCveneblebis mixedviT (qalebi; mamakacebi; sxvadasxva asakobrivi an profesiuli jgufi); fokus-jgufebi kargad uTavsdeba kvlevis sxva meTodebs, amitom xSirad gamoiyeneba farTomasStabian proeqtebSi sxva meTodebTan, maT Soris gamokiTxvasTan erTad. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, fokus-jgufebis Sedegad miRebuli Tvisebrivi informacia, rogorc wesi, amdidrebs raodenobriv Sedegebs. aRsaniSnavia, agreTve isic, rom farTo gamokiTxvebTan SedarebiT fokus-jgufebis Catareba nakleb dros moiTxovs da damkveTs gacilebiT ufro iafi ujdeba, vidre sxva tipis kvlevis Catareba. formaluri profesiuli ganaTleba - formaluri profesiuli ganaTleba moicavs Teoriul da praqtikul swavlebas da sruldeba Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis miniWebiT an SecvliT da Sesabamisi ganaTlebis damadasturebeli dokumentis gacemiT. formaluri profesiuli ganaTlebis miReba xdeba profesiuli swavlebis ganmaxorcielebel akreditebul saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi, struqturirebul garemoSi. SemTxvevis analizi (Seswavla) - SemTxvevis Seswavla aris Tvisebrivi kvlevis meTodi da aseve, zogadad, kvleviTi strategia, romlis mizania calkeuli fenomenis empiriuli Seswavla realur cxovrebiseul situaciaSi sxvadasxva wyaroebis gamoyenebiT (Yin, 1994). SemTxvevis Seswavla farTod gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva sferoebSi, magaliTad, pedagogika, medicina, Jurnalistika, anTropologia, fsiqologia da sxva. SemTxvevis Seswavla SeiZleba moicavdes rogorc erTi adamianis SemTxvevis Seswavlas, aseve jgufebis, organizaciebis, garkveuli Temis, movlenis an urTieTobebis Seswavlas. kerZod, 1. individis Seswavla- moicavs individis SemTxevis Seswavlas. magaliTad, konkretuli bavSvis metyvelebis an qcevis Seswavla. 52 ganaTlebis sistema 2. jgufebis Seswavla - misi mizania jgufis (mag: ojaxi) wevrebs Soris urTierTobis da aqtivobebis aRwera da Seswavla. 3. Temis Seswavla - fukusi keTdeba erT an ramodenime Temze. mizania cxovrebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebis Seswavla (Sroma, dasveneba, ojaxuri cxovreba, saskolo cxovreba), wevrebs Soris urTierTmimarTebis aRwera da da sxva. 4. organizaciis da institutebis Seswavla - skolebis, firmebis, savaWro dawesebulebebis da a.S. Seswavla. fokusirebulia SromiT saqmianobebis, menejmentis, organizaciis kulturis Seswavlaze da a.S. 5. movlenebis, rolebis da urTierTobebis Seswavla - magaliTad, Seiswavlis maswavlebelsa da moswavles Soris urTierTobas, raRaca SemTxvevas, danaSaulis raime formas, rolebis konfliqts; SemTxvevis Seswavla gulisxmobs movlenaTa detaluri aRweras, igi agreTve moicavs mis axsnas da interpretacias garkveul TeoriebTan mimarTebis dadgenis safuZvelze, Tumca aucilebelia faqtebis da mis Sedegad gakeTebuli daskvnebis erTmaneTisgan mkafiod gamocalkeveba, sxva sityvebiT, naTlad unda Candes sad aris faqti da sad avtoriseuli varaudi. 53 bibliografia 1. bavSvTa uflebaTa konvencia. mopovebulia maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis veb-gverdidan: http://www.tpdc.ge 2. gamocdebis erovnuli centri. mopovebulia veb-gverdidan: http://naec.ge 3. ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnuli centri. mopovebulia veb-gverdidan: http://www.nea.ge 4. diui j. wignidan Sesavali Tanamedrove azrovnebaSi. ilia WavWavaZis universitetis gamomcemloba. wignis eleqtronuli versia mopovebulia ilia WavWavaZis universitetis veb-gverdidan: http://www.iliauni.edu.ge 5. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centri. mopovebulia veb-gverdidan: http://www.ganatleba.org 6. kaWkaWiSvili, i. kvlevis meTodebi, Tsu, xelnaweris uflebiT. 7. maswavleblis momzadebis da profesiuli ganviTarebis koncefcia, 2006. mopovebulia maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebisvebis veb-gverdidan: http://www.tpdc.ge 8. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri, mopovebulia veb-gverdidan: http://www.tpdc.ge 9. saqarTvelos kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb; N:1330 TariRi: 2005-04-08 mopovebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministros veb-gverdidan: http://www.mes.gov.ge 10.saqarTvelos kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb; #1775 TariRi: 2005-06-24. 11.saqarTvelos kanoni saganmanaTleblo da saaRmzrdelo dawesebulebebis saqmianobis licenzirebis Sesaxeb, N:2794 TariRi: 2006-03-17. 12.saqarTvelos kanoni umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb; N:688 TariRi: 2004-12-21 mopovebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministros veb-gverdidan: http://www.mes.gov.ge 13.saqarTvelos kanoni profesiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb; 54 #:4528 TariRi: 2007-03-28 mopovebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministros vebgverdidan:http:// www.mes.gov.ge 14.uznaZe. d. 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