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978-1-107-40340-6 - Confraternities and the Visual Arts in Renaissance Italy: Ritual, Spectacle, Image
Edited by Barbara Wisch and Diane Cole Ahl
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Confraternities and the Visual Arts in Renaissance Italy
Confraternities and the Visual Arts in Renaissance Italy: Ritual, Spectacle, Image is the
first book to consider the role of Italian confraternities in the patronage of art.
Eleven interdisciplinary essays analyze confraternal painting, sculpture, architecture, and dramatic spectacles by documenting the unique historical and ritual contexts in which they were experienced. Exploring the evolution of devotional practices, the roles of women and youths, the age's conception of charity, and the
importance of confraternities in civic politics and urban design, this book offers
new approaches to one of the most dynamic forms of corporate patronage in early
modern Italy.
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Edited by Barbara Wisch and Diane Cole Ahl
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Confraternities and the Visual Arts
in Renaissance Italy
Ritual, Spectacle, Image
Edited by
BARBARA WISCH
State University of New York College at Cortland
D I A N E C O L E AHL
Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania
1 CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
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Edited by Barbara Wisch and Diane Cole Ahl
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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© Cambridge University Press 2000
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First published 2000
First paperback edition 2011
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Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
Confraternities and the visual arts in Renaissance Italy : ritual,
spectacle, image / Barbara Wisch, Diane Cole Ahl, [editors].
p. c m .
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-521-66288-5
1. Art, Italian. 2. Christian art and symbolism - Renaissance,
1450-1600 - Italy. 3. Confraternities - Italy. 4. Art patronage Italy. I. Wisch, Barbara. II. Ahl, Diane Cole, 1949- .
N7952.A1C66 2000
701'.03'094509024 dc21
99-39383
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ISBN 978-1-107-40340-6 Paperback
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Edited by Barbara Wisch and Diane Cole Ahl
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Edited by Barbara Wisch and Diane Cole Ahl
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Edited by Barbara Wisch and Diane Cole Ahl
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Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Contributors
Introduction
page ix
xiii
i
BARBARA W I S C H AND DIANE COLE AHL
i
Confraternity and Community: Mobilizing the Sacred in Times
of Plague
20
LOUISE MARSHALL
2
"In corpo di compagnia": Art and Devotion in the Compagnia della
Purificazione e di San Zanobi of Florence
46
DIANE COLE AHL
3
The Compagnia della Purificazione e di San Zanobi in Florence:
A Reconstruction of Its Residence at San Marco, 1440—1506
74
ANN MATCHETTE
Appendix: Documents
4
The Acquisition of Art by a Florentine Youth Confraternity:
The Case of the Arcangelo Raffaello
93
102
KONRAD EISENBICHLER
5
The Qualita of Mercy: (Re)building Confraternal Charities in
Renaissance Bologna
117
NICHOLAS TERPSTRA
6
Passion, Compassion, and the Sorrows of Women:
Niccolo delTArea's Lamentation over the Dead Christ for the
Bolognese Confraternity of Santa Maria della Vita
146
RANDI KLEBANOFF
Appendix: The Composition of the Lamentation
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CONTENTS
Vlll
7
The Decorum of the Passion: The Plays of the Confraternity of the
Gonfalone in the Roman Colosseum, 1490-1539
173
NERIDA N E W B I G I N
8
New Themes for New Rituals: The Crucifixion Altarpiece by
Roviale Spagnuolo for the Oratory of the Gonfalone in Rome
203
BARBARA W I S C H
9
Appendix 1: Documents
225
Appendix 2: History of the Attribution and New Conclusions
229
Appropriating Space: Woman's Place in Confraternal Life at
Santo Spirito in Sassia, Rome
235
EUNICE D . H O W E
10
"E faucibus daemonis": Daughters of Prostitutes, the First Jesuits,
and the Compagnia delle Vergini Miserabili di Santa Caterina
della Rosa
259
LANCE G. LAZAR
11
"She is among all virgins the queen . . . so worthy a patron . . .
for maidens to copy." Livio Agresti, Cardinal Federico Cesi, and the
Compagnia delle Vergini Miserabili di Santa Caterina della Rosa
280
LOUISE SMITH BROSS ( f 1 9 9 6 )
Selected Bibliography
Index
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309
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978-1-107-40340-6 - Confraternities and the Visual Arts in Renaissance Italy: Ritual, Spectacle, Image
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List of Illustrations
i. Barnaba da Modena, Plague Madonna della Misericordia, 1370s,
Genoa, Santa Maria dei Servi
2. Anonymous Sienese, Madonna della Misericordia, early fourteenth
century, Siena, Pinacoteca
3. Benedetto Bonfigli, Plague Madonna della Misericordia, 1464, Perugia,
San Francesco al Prato
4. Benedetto Bonfigli, Processional Banner of the Confraternity of
San Benedetto dei Frustati, ca. 1471-2, Perugia, Santa Maria Nuova
5. Bartolomeo della Gatta, Saint Roch Intercedes with the Virgin on
Behalf of Arezzo, 1479, Arezzo, Museo Statale di Arte Medievale
e Moderna
6. Palazzo della Fraternita, Arezzo, ca. 1375—1440
7. Bernardo Rossellino and Domenico Rossellino, Madonna della
Misericordia with Saints Laurentinus and Pergentinus, 1433, Arezzo,
Palazzo della Fraternita
8. Bartolomeo della Gatta, Saint Roch Intercedes with Christ on
Behalf of Arezzo, 1470s, Arezzo, Museo Statale di Arte
Medievale e Moderna
9. Benozzo Gozzoli, Altarpiece of the Purificazione, 1461, London,
National Gallery
10. Benozzo Gozzoli, Saint Zenohius Resurrecting a Child from the Dead,
1461, Berlin, Staatliche Museen
11 Benozzo Gozzoli, The Feast of Herod and Beheading of the Baptist,
1461, Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art
12. Benozzo Gozzoli, The Presentation of the Christ Child in the Temple,
1461, Philadelphia, Museum of Art
13. Benozzo Gozzoli, Saint Peter and the Fall of Simon Magus, 1461,
London, Hampton Court
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23
25
27
30
31
32
33
48
49
50
50
51
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
X
14. Benozzo Gozzoli, Saint Dominic Resurrecting a Child from the Dead,
1461, Milan, Pinacoteca di Brera
15. Fra Angelico, San Marco Altarpiece, 1438-42, Florence, Museo di
San Marco
16. Marco di Bartolommeo Rustici, View of San Marco, Rustici Codex,
ca. 1448, Florence, Biblioteca del Seminario Maggiore di
San Frediano in Cestello
17. Reconstruction of the Purificazione's residence in relation to the
other confraternities at San Marco, Florence, 1444-1506
18. Reconstruction and floor plans of the Purificazione's residence:
a Chapel of Saints Cosmas and Damian with scrittoi; b main oratory;
and c sacristy, 1444-15 06
19. Benozzo Gozzoli, Angelic Chorus, from Journey of the Magi, 1459,
Florence, Medici Palace, Chapel
20. Piero di Cosimo, Madonna and Child with Saints Dominic and Jerome,
ca. 1510-20, New Haven, Yale University Art Gallery
21. Cherubino and Giovanni Alberti, Map of Bologna, 1575,
Vatican City, Vatican Palace, Sala Bologna
22. Ospedale di Santa Maria del Baraccano, Bologna, ca. 1491-1500
23. Ospedale degli Esposti, Bologna, begun 1500
24. Engraving after Domenico Tibaldi, Chiesa dell'Ospedale di
San Francesco, Bologna, 1583, from Edifici Bolognesi del
Cinque-Seicento, Delineati e incisi da Giuseppe Antonio Landi,
ed. Giancarlo Roversi
25. Niccolo dell'Area, Lamentation over the Dead Christ, completed 1463,
Bologna, Santa Maria della Vita
26. Dead Christ, detail of PLATE 25
27. Mary Salome, detail of PLATE 25
28. Mary Magdalene, detail of PLATE 25
29. Saint John the Evangelist, detail of PLATE 25
30. Joseph of Arimathea, detail of PLATE 25
31. Virgin Mary, detail of PLATE 25
32. Alfonso Lombardi, Death of the Virgin, 1519—22, Bologna,
Santa Maria della Vita
3 3. Reconstruction of Niccolo dell'Area, Lamentation over the
Dead Christ
34. Title page, La passione di Christo (Rome: Fritag and Besicken,
ca. 1496), f. Air, Augsburg, Staats- und Stadtbibliothek,
Inkunabel 40 Ink 61
35. Colophon, La passione di Christo (Rome: Fritag and Besicken,
ca. 1496), f. Bvir, Augsburg, Staats- und Stadtbibliothek,
Inkunabel 40 Ink 61
36. Title page, La resuscitatione di Lazaro (Rome: Silber?, ca. 1515),
f. Air, Seville, Institucion Colombina, Biblioteca Colombina,
6-3-29
37. Title page, La resurectione de Christo (Rome: Silber?,
ca. 1515), f Air, Zwickau, Ratsschulbibliothek, 5.4.34/4
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
38. Title page, La passione reducta in Tragedia per el Cynico
(Rome: n.p., 1521), f. Air, Seville, Institucion Colombina,
Biblioteca Colombina, 14-1-8(20)
39. Title page, La passione de Christo (Venice: Danza, March 17, 1526),
f. Dvv, Seville, Institucion Colombina, Biblioteca Colombina,
14-1-8(1)
40. Interior toward the altar chapel, Oratory of the Gonfalone, Rome,
rebuilt 1555
41. Pietro Roviale Spagnuolo, Crucifixion Altarpiece, 1556—7, Rome,
Oratory of the Gonfalone
42. Crucified Christ, detail of PLATE 41
43. Attributed to Luzio Romano, Design for an Altarpiece, ca. 1545,
London, The Courtauld Gallery
44. Anonymous, Madonna della Misericordia with Saint Bonaventure,
woodcut from Breve S. D. N. Gregorii Papae XIII. Concessions
Indulgentiarum Coronae, after 15 81, from Vatican City, Archivio
Segreto Vaticano, Fondo Arciconfraternita Gonfalone,
2 (Mazzo B), f 30
45. Pietro Roviale Spagnuolo, Pieta Altarpiece, ca. 1550, Naples,
Castel Capuano, Cappella della Summaria
46. Pietro Roviale Spagnuolo, Crucifixion, ca. 1550, Naples,
Castel Capuano, Cappella della Summaria
47. Giovanni Battista Falda, Church and Hospital of Santo Spirito in Sassia,
engraving from Giovanni Battista Falda, II nuovo teatro delle fabriche,
e edificii, in prospettiva di Roma moderna. (Rome: n.p., 1665)
48. Anonymous, Barbo family coat of arms, from Liber Regulae, f. 227V,
late fourteenth century, Rome, Archivio di Stato
49. Anonymous, De orphanus nutriendis etfeminis pregnantibus, from
Liber Regulae, Chapter 41, late fourteenth century, Rome,
Archivio di Stato
50. Anonymous, De peccatricibus suscipiendis, from Liber Regulae,
Chapter 46, late fourteenth century, Rome, Archivio di Stato
51. Illius qui pro Dominici, bull of Sixtus IV (March 21, 1478), from
Liber Fraternitatis, Rome, Biblioteca Lancisiana
52. Anonymous, Sixtus IV Receives Queen Charlotte of Cyprus, ca. 1475,
Rome, Hospital of Santo Spirito, Corsia Sistina
53. Ground Plan of the Hospital and Church of Santo Spirito in Sassia,
from Paul M. Letarouilly, Edifices de Rome moderne (Liege:
Avanzo, 1849)
54. Anonymous, Palace and courtyard of the Suore, Rome,
Hospital of Santo Spirito in Sassia, 1474-82
55. Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Facade of the Church
of Santo Spirito in Sassia, Rome, designed 1538-44
56. Andrea Orazii, Puella in Cenobio S. Caterine de Funariis,
from Filippo Bonanni, S.J., Ordinum religiosorum in
ecclesia militanti catalogus: eorumque indumenta in iconibus
expressa, & oblata Clementi XL Pont. Max / Catalogo degli
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Xll
Ordini Religiosi Delia Chiesa Militante Espressi con Imagini,
e spiegati con una breve narrazione, offerta alia santita di N.S.
Clemente XI (Rome: Antonio de' Rossi, 1706—10), vol. 3,
Plate 62
57. Guidetto Guidetti, Facade of Santa Caterina dei Funari,
Rome, 1560-4
58. Guidetto Guidetti, Interior toward the high altar chapel,
Santa Caterina dei Funari, Rome, 1560—4
59. Giovanni Battista Cavalieri after Livio Agresti,
Saint Catherine Saved from Martyrdom on the Wheel,
1565, Rome, Istituto Nazionale per la Grafica
60. Livio Agresti, Saint Catherine Disputing with the Philosophers,
1562/3—4, Chicago, Private Collection
61. Federico Zuccari, Saint Catherine Disputing with the
Philosophers, 1571—2, Rome, Santa Caterina dei Funari,
high altar chapel
62. Federico Zuccari, Beheading of Saint Catherine, 1571-2,
Rome, Santa Caterina dei Funari, high altar chapel
63. Federico Zuccari, Study for the Lower Register of the North
Wall of the High Altar Chapel with Saint Catherine in
Prison Converting Empress Faustina and Saints Saturnino
and Sisinio, 1571, Chicago, Private Collection
64. Federico Zuccari, Saint Catherine in Prison Converting
Empress Faustina, 1571—2, Rome, Santa Caterina dei
Funari, originally the high altar chapel (now inner
entrance wall above the portal)
65. Federico Zuccari, Study for the Lower Register of the South
Wall of the High Altar Chapel with Standing Virgin Martyrs
and Saint Catherine's Body Transported by Angels to
Mount Sinai, 1571, Florence, Gabinetto Disegni e
Stampe degli Uffizi, no. 104 Orn.
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List of Contributors
Louise Marshall is lecturer in the Department of Art History and Theory at the
University of Sydney, Australia. Her publications include "Manipulating the
Sacred: Image and Plague in Renaissance Italy," Renaissance Quarterly (1994), and
"Augustinian Exegesis in the Chiesa del Tau, Pistoia," in Augustine in Iconography,
History and Legend (1999). She is writing a book on plague images and their
patronage.
Diane Cole Ahl is Charles A. Dana Professor of Art History at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania, and former president of the Italian Art Society. Her
books include Benozzo Gozzoli (1996), co-awarded the Otto Gnindler Prize in
Medieval Studies; Leonardo da Vinci's Sforza Monument Horse: The Art and the
Engineering (1995), of which she was editor; and the forthcoming Cambridge
Companion to Masaccio, which she is editing.
Ann Matchette is research coordinator at the Arizona Center for Medieval and
Renaissance Studies, Arizona State University, where she is production manager
and series coordinator for the center's book series, Arizona Studies in the Middle
Ages and the Renaissance. In addition to her work on the Compagnia della
Purificazione, she is researching images of Mary Magdalene preaching in
medieval and Renaissance painting.
Konrad Eisenbichler is director of the Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies at the University of Toronto, where he is also professor in the
Department of Italian Studies. He is a founding member of the Society for Confraternity Studies and editor of the biannual bulletin Confraternitas. His books
include The Boys of the Archangel Raphael: A Youth Confraternity in Florence,
1411—1783 (1998); many edited volumes, among them, Crossing the Boundaries.
Christian Piety and the Arts in Italian Medieval and Renaissance Confraternities (1991);
and translations of Firenzuola, Della Casa, and Cecchi.
xm
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
XIV
Nicholas Terpstra is associate professor of history at the University of Toronto.
His publications include Lay Confraternities and Civic Religion in Renaissance
Bologna (1995), for which he received the Howard R. Marraro Prize for Italian
Historical Studies (1996), and The Politics of Ritual Kinship: Confraternities and
Social Order in Early Modern Italy (1999), which he edited. He is currently the
president of the Society for Confraternity Studies.
Randi Klebanoff is assistant professor of art history at Carleton University in
Ottawa, Canada. She has delivered papers on Niccolo delTArca, the Area di San
Domenico, and the youthful works of Michelangelo in Bologna. She is writing a
book on narrative sculptural groups in the Renaissance.
Nerida Newbigin is associate professor of Italian language and literature at the
University of Sydney, Australia, and a fellow of the Australian Academy of the
Humanities. She is the author o£ Nuovo Corpus di sacre rappresentazionifiorentinedel
Quattrocento (1983) and the two-volume Teste d'Oltrarno: Plays in Churches in Fifteenth-Century Florence (1996). With her students, she is creating the electronic
Archive of Italian Medieval Drama as part of SETIS, the University of Sydney's
Electronic Text and Information Service. She and Barbara Wisch are collaborating on a contextual study of the plays, rituals, and art of the confraternity of the
Gonfalone.
Barbara Wisch is associate professor of art history at the State University of New
York College at Cortland. Her publications include the two-volume 'All the
world's a stage . . ." Art and Pageantry in the Renaissance and Baroque (1990),
co-edited with Susan Scott Munshower, and Italian Renaissance Art: Selections from
the Piero Corsini Gallery (1986). She and Nerida Newbigin are collaborating on a
contextual study of the plays, rituals, and art of the confraternity of the Gonfalone.
Eunice D . Howe is associate professor of art history at the University of Southern
California. She is the author of The Hospital of Santo Spirito and Pope Sixtus IV
(1978) and Andrea Palladio, the Churches of Rome (1991), and the editor of The Art of
Exaggeration: Piranesi's Perspectives on Rome (1995). Her book, Woman's Place in the
Renaissance: Gendered Space at the Hospital of Santo Spirito in Sassia, is forthcoming.
Lance G. Lazar is assistant professor in medieval and early modern Christianity
in the Religious Studies Department of the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill. He has published several articles on Jesuit confraternities in Rome,
and is writing a monograph titled Bringing God to the People: Jesuit Confraternities in
Early Modern Italy.
Louise Smith Bross (j* 1996) was lecturer in art history at Lake Forest College
in Lake Forest, Illinois, and gallery director at Richard L. Feigen and Co. Her
publications include "New Documents for Livio Agresti's Chapel of St. Stephen
in Santo Spirito in Sassia," in The Burlington Magazine (1993), and "Patronage and
Propaganda in Santo Spirito in Sassia: The Role of a Papal Confraternity," in
Confraternite, chiesa e societa. Aspetti e problemi delVassociazionismo laicale europeo in
eta moderna e contemporanea (1994).
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Confraternities and the Visual Arts
in Renaissance Italy
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