Divisione SSC engine laboratory

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INNOVHUB
STAZIONI SPERIMENTALI PER L’INDUSTRIA
………………………….
StazioneDivisione
Sperimentale
per i Combustibili Division
Titolo intervento……………………
Relatore……………….
Engine Laboratory
Luogo, data…………..
Simone Casadei, Davide Faedo, Francesco Avella
ERMES plenary meeting, Bruxelles, 27th-28th, September, 2012
Automotive Emission Laboratory (LEA) of SSC Division
Institutional aim:
super partes applied research and normative support for fuel Italian industries
(oil/gas and coal)
Commercial activity: emission testing
• Biofuels and new formulation fuels - Anti-pollution dispositives and additives
fuctionality: evaluation of regulated and unregulated emissions and
consumption reduction
• Imported PC, LDV omologation (only Type 1), anti-pollution devices and dual fuel power equipment
Main research instruments:
ELPI (FPS, Thermodenuder), Microsoot Sensor,
Thermofisher FT-IR
PMP compliant system for EURO 5/6 vehicles (Dekati
Deed + TSI CPC)
Next: EEPS, SEM & LAICP-MS analysis (?)
2
LEA: CUNA activities - Italian proficiency test
correlation 2011
CO
HC
CH 4 NOx
JEEP CHEROKEE 2.8 CRD DPF
PM
NEDC
mg/km
Laboratories
Valid data
Outliers
Average
Std. Dev.
CV [%]
Repeatability r
Reproducibility R
18
17
1
322
55.5
17.3
102
178
18
18
0
40.5
9.43
23.3
20.6
31.1
8
7
1
13.1
1.82
13.9
1.1
257
CO 2
cons
#*10 /km
g/km
l/100 km
6
4
2
10.8
18
16
2
206
6.1
3.0
5.0
19.9
18
16
2
7.8
0.23
2.9
0.2
0.7
PN
9
18
17
1
155
39.7
25.6
15
110
18
15
3
0.82
0.607
74.4
0.4
2.1
9.9
91.7
13.9
11.4
2003
gg
140
120
16
100
80
12
60
8
40
speed [km/h]
NOx emission [mg/s]
20
2004
2005
2009 F500
2009
2011
NEDC test
CV %
Diesel passenger car:
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CO
HC
N Ox
PM
20
4
C O2
c o nsump t i o n
Source: CUNA
0
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
-20
1200
tim e [s]
CUNA proficiency test:
since ’90s management and elaboration of the Italian proficiency test
data:
• one gasoline and/or diesel test vehicle every year (more or less!)
and one motorcycle proficiency test in 2008
• all main Italian emission laboratories (nearly 20!)
3
LEA research topics: Engine technology vs Emissions
PUMI Project (Fine particulate in the Milan urban area atmosphere)
[2002]
Physical and chemical characterization of the Particulate exhaust
emission from:
• 4 Diesel cars (Euro 1, 2 Euro 2, Euro 3)
• 2 Gasoline cars (Euro 1, Euro 4)
PARFIL Project (Fine atmospheric particulate in Lombardy Region)
[2008]
Particulate, particle distribution, NH3 and N2O exhaust emissions from
• 2 Diesel cars (Euro 3, Euro 4 DPF)
• 2 Gasoline cars (Euro 3, Euro 4)
4
LEA research topics: Fuel Effects on exhaust emissions
PM [mg/km]
Effects of 30% v/v biodiesel/diesel
fuel blend on regulated and
unregulated pollutant emissions
from diesel engines
A. Macor, F. Avella, D. Faedo. Applied Energy
88 (2011) 4989–5001
formaldehyde [mg/km]
UDC
EUDC
16.0
3.0
12.0
8.0
4.0
0.0
DIESEL
Renault Trafic
100
EUDC
URBAN
100
75
75
75
50
50
50
25
25
25
0
DIESEL
100
B30
0
Renault
Master 120
Renault Trafic
100
0
Renault
Master 120
Renault Trafic
100
Renault
Master 120
Renault Trafic
100
PM10 [N*1014/km]
UDC
EUDC
URBAN
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
URBAN
B30
3.0
2.5
2.5
1
1
2.0
2.0
0
0
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
Renault
Master 120
UDC
100
Renault Master Renault Trafic
120
100
0.0
120
100
Renault
Master 120
Renault Trafic
100
120
100
PM soot [μg/km]
UDC
URBAN
EUDC
Fiat Panda Natural Power 1.2
100
Fiat Grande Punto 1.4
25
20
400
60
15
300
40
10
200
20
5
100
0
0
E0
E5
12
E10
0
E0
E5
E10
E0
E5
E10
/km]
URBAN
EUDC
UDC
15,0
500
80
Effects of Ethanol/Gasoline Blends
on Passenger Cars Performance and
PN [N*10
Unregulated Exhaust Emissions
S. Casadei, D. Faedo, F. Avella.
Proceedings of the 20th European Biomass
Conference and Exhibition (2012)
0
120
100
5,0
12,5
12,5
4,0
10,0
15,0
10,0
3,0
7,5
7,5
2,0
5,0
5,0
1,0
2,5
2,5
0,0
0,0
E0
E5
E10
0,0
E0
E5
E10
E0
E5
E10
5
LEA work in progress research (1)
NGV project: NG vehicles particulate emissions
7 Bi-fuel vehicles (NG/ gasoline) to evaluate the differences in PN & PM
emissions (total and soot fraction) and particle distribution
Fiat Marea
Fiat Doblò
Fiat Panda
VW Touran
Fiat Doblò
Fiat Multipla
Fiat Grande
Punto
codice
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Omologazione
Euro 2
Euro 3
Euro 4
Euro 4
Euro 4
Euro 4
Euro 5
anno/mese test
feb-05
ott-07
lug-10
ago-10
apr-11
apr-12
ott-11
km
97000
30500
10600
15350
15400
54058
18900
Cilindrata (cc)
1581
1596
1242
1984
1596
1596
1368
Potenza max (kW@rpm) benzina
76 @ 5750
76 @ 5750
44 @ 5000
80 @ 5400
76 @ 5750
76 @ 5750
57 @ 6000
Potenza max (kW@rpm) GN
68 @ 5750
68 @ 5750
38 @ 5000
-
68 @ 5750
68 @ 5750
51 @ 6000
Coppia max (Nm@rpm) benzina
145 @ 4000
145 @ 4000 102 @ 2500
Coppia max (Nm@rpm) GN
130 @ 4000
130 @ 4000
88 @ 3000
-
TWC S/N
S
S
S
S
Natural Gas
160 @ 3500 145 @ 4000 145 @ 4000 115 @ 3000
130 @ 4000 130 @ 4000 104 @ 3000
speed
S
S
Gasoline
60
1.6E+11
40
1.2E+11
20
8.0E+10
0
4.0E+10
-20
0.0E+00
-40
780
S
Natural Gas
1.0E+14
dN/dLogDp [N/km]
Gasoline
2.0E+11
speed [km/h]
N/s
Modello autovettura
1.0E+13
1.0E+12
1.0E+11
1.0E+10
1.0E+09
1.0E+08
1.0E+07
1.0E+06
0
Time [s]
0.010
0.100
1.000
10.000
Dp [μm]
6
B10 project: Evaluation of the mid-long term behaviour of 2 EURO 4
DPF PC fed with 10% V/V biodiesel/diesel blend
Every 5000 km emission test: NEDC + ARTEMIS URBAN cycle. Trends by now:
•
CO, HC: slight tendency towards an increase in all driving conditions
•
NOx: no appreciable variation in all driving conditions
•
ALDEHYDES:
•
PARTICULATE: no appreciable change
•
PARTICLE NUMBER:
•
PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION: unimodal with a peak emission at 140 nm for AR
159 and around 70 nm for VW Golf
•
FUEL CONSUMPTION: tendency towards a decrease
trend towards a slight increase in the emission
slight tendency towards an increase
Detection of DPF regeneration
frequencies and emissions
soot VW Golf
speed
120
1.0E+13
100
8.0E+12
80
6.0E+12
60
4.0E+12
40
2.0E+12
20
0.0E+00
780
880
980
1080
0
1180
Time [s]
7
speed [km/h] \ soot [µg/s]
PN0,04 (VW Golf) 35000 km
N/s
1.2E+13
BIAGIO project: Unconventional biodiesel/diesel blends: impact on
mobile and fixed sources
Aim: evaluate new emission factors of regulated and mainly
unregulated species (PAH, aldehydes, nanoparticles, others?)
fuelling passenger cars with biofuels blendings obtained by second
generation biofuels as UCO or PFAD (sustainable «double counting»
biofuels to reduce the impact of GHG transport emissions and diversify
energy sources)
2 EURO 5 diesel passenger cars will be fuelled by:
• B7 – reference blend: 7% V/V RME/diesel blend;
• B10 – UCO: 10% V/V UCO/diesel blend;
• B30 – UCO: 30% V/V UCO/diesel blend;
• B10 - PFAD: 10% V/V PFAD/diesel blend;
• B30 - PFAD: 10% V/V PFAD/diesel blend.
8
SMELLER project: A real time single
vehicle emissions monitoring system
Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca
(UNIMIB), Stazione Sperimentale per i
Combustibili (SSC), Joint Research Centre
ISPRA (JRC)
Aim: detect high emitters vehicles by remote sensing
Laboratory task: validation of the remote sensors capacity to detect
pollutants emission peaks in a context of urban driving
SMELLER acceleration curves
65
60
55
3RD gear
Speed [km/h]
50
45
40
C1
C3
C5
C7
C9
C11
C13
C15
C17
C19
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
35
2ND
30
gear
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
C2
C4
C6
C8
C10
C12
C14
C16
C18
C20
AVERAGE
14
15
16
Time [s]
9

Divisione SSC engine laboratory

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